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摘 要
經(jīng)過短短幾十年的發(fā)展，堆垛機就變成了當(dāng)今物流系統(tǒng)中的高層貨架倉庫的主要裝卸設(shè)備，它可以使用全自動化控制系統(tǒng)，作業(yè)環(huán)境即便很惡劣也不受影響。堆垛機是一種工作效率高，保證準(zhǔn)確性，半自動化甚至全自動化的倉庫存取貨物電氣設(shè)備。由于它的結(jié)構(gòu)特點，它可以在三維空間內(nèi)運動，能夠到達更廣的范圍，充分利用倉庫空間。
在生產(chǎn)成本難降低、生產(chǎn)效率難提高的窘迫形勢下，公司管理層發(fā)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)物流對盈利的重要性。生產(chǎn)物流是從原材料開始，經(jīng)過一道道加工工序，然后形成半成品或成品，存庫或運送到客戶的手中的過程。當(dāng)然，這個過程中貨物需要儲存。作為物流重要“核心零件”，自動化立體倉庫不僅僅準(zhǔn)確存取貨物，存取方便，加快在生產(chǎn)和倉庫間的貨物周轉(zhuǎn)，而且能極大地提高儲藏容量，科學(xué)管理，足夠滿足現(xiàn)代公司商品流通的要求。存取貨物過程自然少不了運輸車，而堆垛機作為其中最常見的運輸車，能快速儲藏貨物，并存檔，以便準(zhǔn)確取出。當(dāng)下，國內(nèi)自動化立體倉庫技術(shù)盡管和發(fā)達國家相比還有一定差距，但正追趕國際頂級水平，也許不日齊平甚至超越。
本設(shè)計論文主要詳細地講訴了單立柱型有軌巷道堆垛機的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，其中主要論訴了機架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，起升機構(gòu)、貨叉伸縮機構(gòu)及行走機構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和計算。在設(shè)計時，從經(jīng)濟和結(jié)構(gòu)方面考慮，在比較單雙立柱堆垛機結(jié)構(gòu)方案后選取單立柱方案。根據(jù)要求選用單立柱機架，并設(shè)計出了具體結(jié)構(gòu)形狀，給出相應(yīng)的參數(shù)及制造材料。根據(jù)三種機構(gòu)受力大小不同，各需要的工作功率不同，選用的電動機型號不一樣。根據(jù)減速比和轉(zhuǎn)矩不同，起升機構(gòu)和行走機構(gòu)對減速器的選用各異。同樣，制動器、鏈輪及鏈條、V帶及帶輪等都是根據(jù)相應(yīng)設(shè)計要求有不同選擇。不管怎樣，在初步選用類型后，都進行了必要的相應(yīng)校核，以保證設(shè)計合理性和可行性。本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計所用軟件主要有二維軟件CAD和CAXA。
關(guān)鍵詞：物流；自動化立體倉庫；單立柱堆垛機；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計；計算校核。
Abstract
After a few decades of development, the stacker becomes today's logistics system in the main high-bay warehouse handling equipment, it can use a fully automated control system, even very harsh operating environment will not be affected.Stacker is a high efficiency and ensure accuracy, semi-automated or fully automated warehouse access to the goods electrical equipment.Because of its structural features, it can be in the three-dimensional movement, to reach a wider range of full use of warehouse space.
Decrease in production costs is difficult, difficult to improve the productivity of the distress situation, the management company found that the importance of production logistics to earnings.Production logistics from raw material, through a channel processing, then the formation of semi-finished or finished goods, warehousing or transport to the customer's hands in the process.Of course, this process needs to store the goods.As a logistics important "core parts" automated warehouse is not only accurate access to goods, to facilitate access, speed up production and warehouse between the goods turnover, but also can greatly increase the storage capacity, scientific management, modern enough to meet the company's commodity circulation Claim.Access to goods process natural and ultimately trucks, stackers and as one of the most common vehicles, goods can quickly store and archive for accurate removal.The moment, despite the domestic warehouse automation technology still lags far behind developed countries, but it is to catch up with the top international level, perhaps even beyond the few days flush.
The design paper detail, a single column v type rail retrieval machine structure design, mainly on the complaint of the structural design of the rack, from the structural design and calculation of lifting mechanism, the telescopic fork agencies and travel agencies.At design time, from economic and structural considerations, in comparison odd and even column stacker select single column structure of the program plan.Selected according to requirements single-post racks, and design a specific structural shapes, gives the corresponding parameters and manufacturing materials.Depending on the size of the force three kinds of institutions, each require different operating power, the choice is not the same type of motor.Depending on the reduction ratio and rotational speed, from the selection of different lifting mechanism and running gear of the gear unit.Similarly, brakes, sprockets and chains, V belt and pulleys are all designed according to the respective requirements of different options.Anyway, after the initial selection of the type, we have carried out the necessary corresponding check to ensure that the design is reasonable and feasible.This graduation design software is mainly two-dimensional CAD software and CAXA.
Keywords: logistics; automated warehouse; single-column stacker; structural design; calculation check.
目 錄
引 言 1
1概 述 1
1.1物流的發(fā)展 1
1.2物流與自動化立體倉庫 1
1.3自動化立體倉庫的分類 2
1.4堆垛機 2
2堆垛機結(jié)構(gòu)方案的比較和確定 3
2.1 單、雙立柱巷道堆垛機結(jié)構(gòu)方案對比 3
2.2 單立柱堆垛機結(jié)構(gòu) 4
2.3單立柱有軌巷道式堆垛機的特點 6
3 單立柱堆垛機結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 7
3.1 堆垛機的機架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 7
3.2 堆垛機的載貨臺結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 7
3.3 堆垛機伸縮貨叉的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計 8
3.4貨叉伸縮機構(gòu)的工作原理 8
3.5 堆垛機起升機構(gòu)的整體設(shè)計 9
3.5.1 柔性件的選取 9
3.5.2 卷筒的選取 10
3.5.3電動機的選取 11
3.5.4 減速器的選取 12
3.5.5 制動器的選取 13
3.6 堆垛機行走機構(gòu)的整體設(shè)計 14
3.6.1 驅(qū)動方式的選取 14
3.6.2 行走輪的的設(shè)計 14
3.6.3 電動機、減速器及制動器的選取 15
3.6.4 軌道的設(shè)計與安裝 15
4堆垛機伸縮貨叉機構(gòu)的設(shè)計計算 16
4.1伸縮貨叉的撓度與強度 16
4.2固定叉的撓度及轉(zhuǎn)角計算 16
4.3中叉的受力分析計算 17
4.4上叉的設(shè)計分析計算 19
4.5貨叉各參數(shù)的選擇 20
4.6軸承的選取校核 20
4.7鏈輪及鏈條的選取校核 21
5升降機構(gòu)零部件的設(shè)計計算 23
5.1 鋼絲繩及滑輪的設(shè)計計算 23
5.2 卷筒的設(shè)計計算 24
5.3 電動機及減速比的確定 25
6堆垛機行走機構(gòu)的設(shè)計計算 27
6.1電動機及減速器的選取 27
6.2 行走輪的設(shè)計及減速器計算 27
6.3 V帶輪和V帶的設(shè)計計算和選擇 28
小 結(jié) 31
謝 詞 32
參考文獻 33
附 錄 34