常見不及物動(dòng)詞搭配.docx
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1、一、接不定式(而不接動(dòng)名詞)作賓語的24個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞 afford to do sth. 負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 請(qǐng)求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 決定做某事 decide to do sth. 決定做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 決心做某事 expect to do sth. 期待做某事
2、fear to do sth. 害怕做某事 help to do sth. 幫助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 學(xué)習(xí)做某事 manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做某事 offer to do sth. 主動(dòng)提出做某事 plan to do sth. 計(jì)劃做某事 prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事 pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事 promise to do sth. 答應(yīng)做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to
3、 do sth. 希望做某事 注:有些不及物動(dòng)詞后習(xí)慣上也接不定式,不接動(dòng)名詞: aim to do sth. 打算做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 渴望做某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 跟介詞搭配的不及物動(dòng)詞 count on 依靠 embark on上路 gamble on以……打賭 insist on堅(jiān)持…… rely on依靠 theorize on 對(duì)……推理,對(duì)……建立理
4、論 harp on 老提到…… calculate on 指望,依靠 concentrate on 集中到…… depend on依靠 reckon on盼望,指望…… account for 說明,解釋…… answer for回答…… apologize for為……道歉 suffer for為……受苦 pay for 為……付錢 look for 尋找 atone for補(bǔ)償,賠償 make up for補(bǔ)償 stand for代表 compensate for 補(bǔ)償 abstain from 有意回避,棄權(quán) desist from 停止 refrain from抑制,忍住 shri
5、nk from 回避 suffer from 受苦,患病 benefit from 獲益于 flinch from 退縮 escape from 從……逃開 approve of 同意 boast of 吹牛 consist of 由……組成 despair of 失望 dream of 夢(mèng)想做某事 repent of 懺悔,懊悔 believe in 相信…… persevere in 堅(jiān)持…… revel in 陶醉,著迷于…… succeed in 在某方面成功 delight in 為……高興 join in 加入…… participate in 參加…… persist in 堅(jiān)
6、持…… specialize in 專門從事某事, 在某方面專長(zhǎng) aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)于……chafe at 惱怒,不滿 frown at 向……皺眉頭 scowl at 沉下臉……,對(duì)……皺眉 laugh at 嘲笑 smile at向……微笑 work at 從事于……,用功于…… look at 看著…… attend to 參加…… certify to 證明…… allude to 暗示…… confess to 承認(rèn)…… descend to 下降到…… object to 反對(duì)…… react to 對(duì)某事作出反應(yīng) refer to 提到…… resort to 求助,采用…… s
7、ee to 檢查…… submit to 提交…… testify to 表明,說明…… turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向…… fall to 下跌,減弱 及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞: 在英語中按動(dòng)詞后可否直接跟賓語,可以把動(dòng)詞分成兩種:及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞。 及物動(dòng)詞 vt. 及物動(dòng)詞: 又稱“他動(dòng)詞”。又稱“外動(dòng)詞”。動(dòng)詞的一種。它所表示的動(dòng)作常涉及動(dòng)作者以外的事物,如“吃”、“穿”、“讀”、“寫”等。字典里詞后標(biāo)有vt. 的就是及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后必須跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象(即賓語),并且可直接跟賓語。 如see 看見 (vt.) +賓語 I can
8、see a boy. 其實(shí)所謂“及物”,就是后面可直接加賓語的動(dòng)詞,有被動(dòng)形式,而不及物動(dòng)詞是沒有被動(dòng)式的,也不可直接加賓語,需加上介詞。 及物動(dòng)詞后面可直接接賓語,不及物動(dòng)詞后面不可直接接賓語,一般要加介詞后再接賓語。實(shí)際上很多動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞,又是不及物動(dòng)詞。舉一個(gè)例子,就說write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一個(gè)句子write是不及物動(dòng)詞,在后一個(gè)句子write是及物動(dòng)詞。又如,see是及物動(dòng)詞,但在特殊情況下如seeing is believing。 示例 不及物動(dòng)詞就是一個(gè)動(dòng)作不能施加到另一個(gè)物體上,
9、也就是后面不能加賓語。 例如:He is running. run這個(gè)動(dòng)詞就是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面不能加sth。(不能說跑什么東西) 分清及物不及物動(dòng)詞: 分清動(dòng)詞的及物不及物是在英語學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問題。動(dòng)詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況: a.主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語??梢杂糜冢?主+謂+賓";"主+謂+雙賓";"主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。如: He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked
10、 me to go fishing with them. 類似的還有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b.主要用作不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語。只能用于:"主+謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。 This is the room where I once lived.
11、類似的還有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞,其意義不變。如begin 都是作"開始"講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hur
12、t, improve.... d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞,其意義完全不同。 這類動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)意義;而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是"升高;舉起"。 He lifted his glass and drank. 類似的還有:beat vi.跳動(dòng) vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長(zhǎng) vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.發(fā)出(氣味) vt. 嗅
13、 ring vi.(電話、鈴)響vt.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt. 說(語言) hang vi. 懸掛 vt. 絞死 operate vi.動(dòng)手術(shù) vt. 操作 在英語錯(cuò)誤中,“及物動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常見的一種。所謂及物動(dòng)詞,就是謂語動(dòng)詞(predicative verb),不必通過介詞引薦賓語。相反的,不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)是不帶賓語的。有許多動(dòng)詞,雖然性質(zhì)是及物的,但不一定要有賓語,如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形: ?、賏. We study every
14、 day. ①a. We study every day. b. Do you study English every day. ②a. Please write clearly next time. b. Can you write your composition now? 如果本質(zhì)上就是不及物動(dòng)詞,就不會(huì)有賓語;若要賓語,就要借介詞之助,一起連用才行(不及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞),如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯(cuò)的; *③a. The children are listening the music. b. The children are li
15、stening to the music. *④a. She is laughing the crippled man. b. She is laughing at the crippled man. 反之,及物動(dòng)詞不必靠介詞,就可以帶賓語,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和?、蓿? ?、?John is giving a book to me. ?、?Who will answer this question? 如果無意中把介詞加上,就錯(cuò)了,如: *⑦ Who will answer to this question? 下列這句從房地產(chǎn)廣
16、告中看到的句子,也犯了同樣的錯(cuò): “We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.” “Awaiting”是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,后面的介詞“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改為“waiting for”也行。 許多人習(xí)慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動(dòng)詞后面,然后才帶出賓語。最常見的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如: ?、?Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains. ?、?/p>
17、 In our education system, we stress upon examination results. ?、?World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems. 顯然的,這三句里的介詞“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的。 下面是些類似的錯(cuò)誤: ● The young must obey to their elders. ● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
18、● The audience attacked on the rude speaker. ● Nothing can escape from his parents eyes. ● Do you hope to serve for your nation? ● When did Susan marry with Paul? 介詞“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才對(duì)。 為什么會(huì)有這些錯(cuò)誤呢?主因是分不清楚及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)。其次,就是對(duì)同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆。解決之道有二。第一,要把“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語”和“不及物動(dòng)
19、詞+介詞+賓語”劃分清楚,如: I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him. He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday. 第二,把及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,然后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和賓語,如: Dont approach such a person. Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching? 劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 英語中按動(dòng)詞后可否直接跟賓語,可把動(dòng)詞分成及物動(dòng)詞與和不及物動(dòng)詞。
20、 界定 不及物動(dòng)詞:字典里詞后標(biāo)有vi. 的就是不及物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象(即賓語)。若要跟賓語,必須先在其后添加上某個(gè)介詞,如to,of ,at后方可跟上賓語。具體每個(gè)動(dòng)詞后究竟加什么介詞就得聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞短語了 常用的不及物動(dòng)詞及不及物動(dòng)詞短語 go want live come stay walk laugh work sime speak appear, die, disappear, end(vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, rise, fall
21、, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 用法舉例 Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副詞,不是名詞,故不作賓語) look at 看…….+賓語 Look at me carefully! (me是代詞,作賓語) ?。╝t是小范圍 in是大范圍) 如: The students work very hard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
22、The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。 與及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別 動(dòng)詞的及物不及物是在英語學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問題。動(dòng)詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況: a.主要用作及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語??梢杂糜冢?主+謂+賓";"主+謂+雙賓";"主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。如: He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there. They asked me to go fishing wit
23、h them. 類似的還有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.... b.主要用作不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語。只能用于:"主+謂"結(jié)構(gòu)。 This is the room where I once lived. 類似的還有:agree, go, work
24、, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.... c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞,其意義不變。如begin 都是作"開始"講。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 類似的還有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.... d.
25、既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞,其意義完全不同。 這類動(dòng)詞作不及物動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)意義;而作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義。如lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是指煙霧的"消散"。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是"升高;舉起"。 He lifted his glass and drank. 類似的還有:beat vi.跳動(dòng) vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生長(zhǎng) vt. 種植 play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.發(fā)出(氣味) vt. 嗅 ring vi.(電話、鈴)響vt
26、.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt. 說(語言) hang vi. 懸掛 vt. 絞死 operate vi.動(dòng)手術(shù) vt. 操作 需要注意的一點(diǎn)是:少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞唯一可跟的賓語是同源賓語,如:I dreamed a dream last night. when, while, as的用法區(qū)別 三者可表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,區(qū)別如下: (1) 若主句表示的是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,從句表示的是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,三者都可用: He fell asleep when [while, as] he was
27、reading. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。 【注】as 用于引出一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示“在……期間”時(shí),其謂語通常只能是那些含有動(dòng)作(action)和發(fā)展(development) 意味的動(dòng)詞,一般不能是那些不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能換為 as: A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去郵局。 B:While you’re there, can you get me some stamps? 當(dāng)你在郵局時(shí),能幫我買幾張郵票嗎? (2) 若
28、主、從句表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間,通常要用 while: Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃飯時(shí)不要說話。 I kept silent while he was writing. 在他寫的時(shí)候,我默不作聲。 但是,若主從句表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊…一邊”之意思,通常用 as: She sang as she went along. 她邊走邊唱。 (3) 若從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,可用 as / when 但不用 while: It was raining hard whe
29、n [as] we arrived. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)正下著大雨。 (4) 若主從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,用 as / when: I thought of it just when [as] you opened your mouth. 就在你要說的時(shí)候,我也想到了。 (5) 若要表示兩個(gè)正在發(fā)展變化的情況,相當(dāng)于漢語的“隨著”,一般用 as: Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 隨著時(shí)間的推移,情況越來越好。 As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越
30、晚,天氣越冷。 (6) 表示“每當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”(暗示一種規(guī)律性),一般要用 when: It’s cold when it snows. 下雪時(shí)天冷。 He smiles when you praise him. 你夸獎(jiǎng)他時(shí)他總是笑笑。 (7) 若主從句所表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,而是有先后順序時(shí),一般要用 when: I will go home when he comes back. 他回來時(shí),我就回家去。 (8) when 可用作并列連詞,表示“這時(shí)(突然)”;while 也可以用作并列連詞,表示“而”、“卻”(表示對(duì)比);但 as 則沒有類似用法: We were about
31、 to start when it began to rain. 我們正要出發(fā),這時(shí)天開始下雨了。 He likes coffee, while she likes tea. 他喜歡咖啡,而她卻喜歡茶。 (9) as 后可直接跟一個(gè)名詞,構(gòu)成省略句,但 while, when很少這樣用: As [When] a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小時(shí)候在日本。 (10) when 和 while 后可接現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語、形容詞等構(gòu)成省略句,但 as 一般不這樣用: When [While] reading, he fell asleep. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。 Whe
32、n [While] in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻煩的時(shí)候你就去找她幫忙。 When\while\as\just as的用法 1. 當(dāng)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作時(shí),我們可以用while, when或as。 While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我順著馬路往前走時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)銀行門前停著一輛警車。 2. 當(dāng)從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作時(shí),不可用while。 He was on
33、the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,這時(shí)有人敲門。 3. 如果談?wù)搩蓚€(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作,最常用的是while。 While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 約翰坐在那里咬指甲時(shí),我想出了一個(gè)回家的辦法。 不過, as是可以用來說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況的,這時(shí)as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,主句中的動(dòng)作與之同時(shí)進(jìn)行。 As we talked on, he got more
34、and more excited. 我們繼續(xù)往下談的時(shí)候,他越來越興奮。 4. 如果表示兩個(gè)短動(dòng)作或事件同時(shí)發(fā)生,最常用的是as或just as,也可用when。 Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 當(dāng)他抓住球的時(shí)候,有一種撕裂的聲音。 I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要說話的時(shí)候,我也想到了。 主句和從句的區(qū)別:在英語句子中通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的比較復(fù)雜的句子,在句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語,謂語,賓語,我們通常
35、會(huì)區(qū)分主句和從句,區(qū)別主從句的方法中最簡(jiǎn)單的就是看連接詞,我們也稱為引導(dǎo)詞,但是有時(shí)連接詞也會(huì)省略,只要找到連接詞就找到了從句。常見的引導(dǎo)詞有:that, where, who, how, why, who, whom, when, as, if… 如: If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus. I know the man who wrote the book. Where we will go haven’t been decided. as when while 的區(qū)別和用法 as when while的用法 一、 as的意思
36、是“正當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,它既可表示一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可以表示一段時(shí)間。as可表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或同時(shí)持續(xù),即“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合”“線線重合”;又可表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過程中,即“點(diǎn)線重合”,但不能表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作一前一后發(fā)生。如果主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,二者均可用進(jìn)行時(shí),也可以一個(gè)用進(jìn)行時(shí),一個(gè)用一般時(shí)或者都用一般時(shí)。 1、As I got on the bus, he got off. 我上車,他下車。(點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是非延續(xù)性的 2、 He was writing as I was reading. 我看書時(shí),他在寫字。(線線重合) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性
37、的 3、 The students were talking as the teacher came in. 老師進(jìn)來時(shí),學(xué)生們正在講話。(點(diǎn)線重合) 前一個(gè)動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的,而后一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)非延續(xù)性的 二、while的意思是“在……同時(shí)(at the same time that )”“在……期間(for as long as, during the time that)”。從while的本身詞義來看,它只能表示一段時(shí)間,不能表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。在時(shí)間上可以是“線線重合”或“點(diǎn)線重合”,但不能表示“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合”。例如: 1、He was watching TV while she w
38、as cooking. 她做飯時(shí),他在看電視。(線線重合) 2、 He was waiting for me while I was working. 我工作的時(shí)候,他正等著我。(線線重合) 3、 He asked me a question while I was speaking. 我在講話時(shí),他問了我一個(gè)問題。(點(diǎn)線重合) 三、when的意思是“當(dāng)……時(shí)候(at the time that)”“無論什么時(shí)候(whenever)” “一……就……(as soon as )” “在……以后(after)”。它表示的時(shí)間概念比較廣泛,上述例句中的as或while均可
39、用when代替,因?yàn)閣hen不但可以表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn),而且也可以表示一段時(shí)間。在時(shí)間上它既能表示“點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合”“線線重合”,又能表示“點(diǎn)線重合”。例如: 1、When he came in,she went out. 他進(jìn)來,她出去。(點(diǎn)點(diǎn)重合) 此句中when從句的動(dòng)作表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),when可以用as代替,但不能用while代替。 2、When he came back,I was doing some washing. 他回來時(shí),我在洗衣服。(點(diǎn)線重合) 此句中when從句的動(dòng)作表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),所以只能用as代替,不能用while代替。 as whe
40、n while的區(qū)別 一、根據(jù)從句動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性來區(qū)分 1、“主短從長(zhǎng)”型:即主句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,而從句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,此時(shí)三者都可用。如: Jim hurt his arm while[when, as] he was playing tennis. 吉姆打網(wǎng)球時(shí)把手臂扭傷了。 As[When, While] she was waiting for the train, she became very impatient. 她在等火車時(shí),變得很不耐煩。 注意:as 用于引出一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示“在……期間”時(shí),其謂語通常只能是那些含有動(dòng)作(action)和發(fā)
41、展(development)意味的動(dòng)詞,一般不能是那些不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(如 be,seem,love,want,agree,see,know,have等),所以下面一句中的 while 不能換為 as: A:I’m going to the post office. 我要去郵局。 B:While you are there, can you get me some stamps?當(dāng)你在郵局時(shí),能幫我買幾張郵票嗎? 2、“主長(zhǎng)從長(zhǎng)”型:即主句和從句為兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間,此時(shí)通常要用while。 I alway
42、s listen to the radio while I’m driving. 我總是一邊開車一邊聽收音機(jī)。 He didn’t ask me in; he kept me standing at the door while he read the message. 他沒有讓我進(jìn)去,他只顧看那張條子,讓我站在門口等著。 但是,若主句和從句所表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊……一邊”之意時(shí),則習(xí)慣上要用as。如: He swung his arms as he walked. 他走路時(shí)擺動(dòng)著手臂。 I couldn’t remember a story to tell the c
43、hildren, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可給孩子講了,只好現(xiàn)編現(xiàn)講。 3、“主長(zhǎng)從短”型:即主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,而從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,此時(shí)可以用as或when,但不能用while。如: It was raining hard when [as] we arrived. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)正下著大雨。 When [As] he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他進(jìn)來時(shí),我在聽收音機(jī)。 二、根據(jù)主句與從句動(dòng)作是否同時(shí)發(fā)生來區(qū)分 1、若主句與從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,含有類
44、似漢語“一……就”的意思,英語一般要用as (也可用when)。如: The ice cracked as [when] I stepped onto it. 我一踩冰就裂了。 He jumped to his feet as the boss came in. 老板一進(jìn)來他立刻站了起來。 但是,在hardly [scarcely]…when…句式中,不能將when換成as。如: Scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain. 我們剛一到就下起雨來了。 2、若主句與從句表示的是兩個(gè)幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作,含有類似漢語“剛要……就”“正
45、要……卻”的意思,英語一般要用as(也可用when),且此時(shí)通常連用副詞just。如: I caught him just when [as] he was leaving the building. 他正要離開大樓的時(shí)候,我把他截住了。 Just as [when] the two men were leaving, a message arrived. 就在這兩個(gè)人要離開的時(shí)候,突然有了消息。 三、根據(jù)是否具有伴隨變化來區(qū)分 若要表示主句動(dòng)作伴隨從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)展變化,有類似漢語“隨著”的意思,英語習(xí)慣上要用as,而不用when或while。如: The room grew col
46、der as the fire burnt down. 隨著爐火逐漸減弱,房間越來越冷。 As time goes by my memory seems to get worse. 隨著時(shí)間的流逝,我的記憶力似乎越來越差。 注:若不是引導(dǎo)從句,而是引出一個(gè)短語,則用with,不用as。如: With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 隨著冬天到來,該買暖和衣裳了。 The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 隨著太陽下落,影子也逐漸伸長(zhǎng)。 四、根據(jù)從句動(dòng)作的規(guī)律
47、性來區(qū)分 若暗示一種規(guī)律性,表示“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,英語一般要用when。如: It’s cold when it snows. 下雪時(shí)天冷。 He smiles when you praise him. 你夸獎(jiǎng)他時(shí)他總是笑笑。 五、根據(jù)主從句動(dòng)作的先后順序來區(qū)分 若主句與從句所表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,而是有先后順序時(shí),一般要用when。如: When he arrives he’ll tell us all about the match. 等他到了,他會(huì)好好給我們講講那場(chǎng)比賽的情況。 When she had finished she waited as though for a reply. 她講完之后等了等,仿佛是在等候回答似的。 六、根據(jù)是否具有“趁機(jī)”意味來區(qū)分 1、若從句所表示的“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”具有“趁機(jī)”的意味,則通常用while。如: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
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