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11. 液壓在社會上的應用和發(fā)展方向 電液比例技術是在電液伺服技術的基礎上，針對用戶需要，降低控制特性，對液壓伺服閥進行簡化而發(fā)展起來的。爾后，比例電磁鐵技術的發(fā)展，又在三類閥基礎上發(fā)展液壓比例閥。由電液伺服比例元件為主而組成的電液伺服比例控制系統(tǒng)，具有響應快、功率比（功率與重量比）大、自動化控制程度高等顯著特點，因此在大慣量，要求快響應，實現(xiàn)自動控制的機床、冶金、礦山、石化、電化、船舶、軍工、建筑、起重、運輸?shù)戎鳈C產(chǎn)品中有廣闊應用前景，是這些主機重要的一種控制手段。 在工業(yè)發(fā)達國家，由電液伺服閥、電液比例閥，以及配用的專用電子控制器和相應的液壓元件，組合集成電流伺服比例控制系統(tǒng)的相互支撐發(fā)展，已綜合形成液壓工程技術，它的應用與發(fā)展被認為是衡量一個國家工業(yè)水平和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)發(fā)展立玉的重要標志，是液壓工工業(yè)又一個新的技術熱點和增長點。在我國同樣有一大批主機產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，需要應用該項技術，因此，將其列為促進我國液壓工業(yè)發(fā)展的關鍵技術之一。 內(nèi)外發(fā)展趨勢 國外近年來，電液伺服比例技術的發(fā)展，較集中地反映在其相關的主要基礎元件的改進和發(fā)展上，主要包括: 電液伺服閥向著簡化結構、降低制造成本、提高抗污染能力和高可靠性方向發(fā)展，研究開發(fā)了大功率永磁直線力馬達，形成了新型的直接驅(qū)動式伺服閥產(chǎn)品系列； 電液比例閥向通用化、模塊化、組全化、集成化方向發(fā)展，以實現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)，降低制造成本； 電子控制器向著專用集成電路方向發(fā)展，實現(xiàn)小型化、組合化，并達到高可靠性目的。 電流伺服比例技術的這些主要基礎元件的相互銜接愈來愈密切，另部件通用化程度不斷提高。 我國電液伺服技術始于上世紀六十年代，到七十年代有了實際應用產(chǎn)品，目前約有年產(chǎn)能力2000臺；電液比例技術到七十年代中期開始發(fā)展，現(xiàn)有幾十種品種、規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品，約形成有年產(chǎn)能力5000臺?？偟目?，我國電液伺服比例技術與國際水平比有較大差距，主要表現(xiàn)在：缺乏主導系列產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品型號規(guī)格雜亂，品種規(guī)格不全，并缺乏足夠的工業(yè)性試驗研究，性能水平較低，質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，可靠性較差，以及存在二次配套件的問題等，都有礙于該項技術進一步地擴大應用，急待盡快提高。 液壓傳動和控制由于應用了電子技術、計算機技術、信息技術、自動控制技術及新工藝、新材料等后取得了新的發(fā)展,使液壓系統(tǒng)和元件在技術水平上有很大提高.本文從液壓現(xiàn)場總線技術、自動化控制軟件技術、水壓元件及系統(tǒng)、液壓節(jié)能技術等方面介紹液壓技術創(chuàng)新及發(fā)展趨勢.指出液壓傳動向自動化、高精度、高效率、高速化、高功率、小型化、輕量化方向發(fā)展,是不斷提高它與電傳動、機械傳動競爭能力的關鍵. 機械自動化，主要指在機械制造業(yè)中應用自動化技術，實現(xiàn)加工對象的連續(xù)自動生產(chǎn)，實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化有效的自動生產(chǎn)過程，加快生產(chǎn)投入物的加工變換和流動速度。機械自動化技術的應用與發(fā)展，是機械制造業(yè)技術改造、技術進步的主要手段和技術發(fā)展的主要方向。機械自動化的技術水準，不僅影響整個機械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，而且對國民經(jīng)濟各部門的技術進步有很大的直接影響。因此，發(fā)展我國的機械制造業(yè)自動化技術，符合我國社會主義的基本原則，符合我國現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展規(guī)律。 動化技術是本世紀以來發(fā)展極迅速和影響極大的科學技術之一?，F(xiàn)代自動化技術是一種完全新型的生產(chǎn)力，是直接創(chuàng)造社會財富的主要手段之一，對人類的生產(chǎn)活動和物質(zhì)文明起著極大的推動作用。因此，自動化技術受到世界各國的廣泛重視和越來越多的應用。 Hydraulic in the community on the use and development of direction Electro-hydraulic technology is in the proportion of electro-hydraulic servo technology on the basis of the need for users, lower control of the hydraulic servo valve can be simplified and develop. Thereafter, the ratio of magnet technology development, and in the development of three hydraulic valve on the basis of proportional valve. Electro-hydraulic servo mainly by the proportion of components and composition of the electro-hydraulic servo control system, with fast response, the power ratio (power and weight ratio), higher degree of automation control notable feature, in the inertia, faster response to requests, and The automatic control machine tools, metallurgy, mining, petrochemical, electricity, shipping, military, construction, lifting, transportation, and other mainframe products have wide application in the future, these are a host of important means of control. In industrialized countries, by electro-hydraulic servo valves, electro-hydraulic proportional valve, and with using a dedicated electronic controller and the corresponding hydraulic components, integrated portfolio of current servo control system of mutual support, has a comprehensive hydraulic engineering technology , Its application and development is considered the level of a country's industrial and modern industrial development-an important indicator of legislation, Hydraulic Engineering is also a new industrial technology hot spots and growth. In China the same host a large number of product development, application of the technology necessary, so as to promote its industrial development of China's hydraulic one of the key technologies. Internal and external development trend of foreign countries in recent years, the proportion of electro-hydraulic servo technology development, more focused, reflected in its relevant components of the main basis for the improvement and development, including: Servo Valve in a simplified structure, lower manufacturing costs and improve anti-pollution Capacity and high reliability direction of development, research and development of a high-power permanent magnet linear motor and formed a new direct-driven servo valve product line; electro-hydraulic proportional valve to the universal, modular, group-wide, integrated direction Development in order to achieve economies of scale production, lower manufacturing costs; electronic controller toward the direction of ASIC development, and achieving small size, composition, and achieve high reliability purposes. Servo proportion of the current technology based on these main components of the more closely interrelated, and the other parts of the generic level continues to increase. China's electro-hydraulic servo technology began in the 1960s to the 1970s with practical applications, there are currently about an annual output capacity of 2,000 units; electro-hydraulic proportional to the technical development of the mid-1970s, dozens of varieties available , Product specifications, forming a production capacity of about 5,000. In general, the proportion of China's electro-hydraulic servo technology and international levels greater than the gap between the main problems: the lack of dominant product line, the existing Model specifications mess, Specification incomplete, and lack of adequate industrial test study, the level of performance Low quality of instability, poor reliability, and the existence of two complementary pieces of the problem, have hampered the application of technology to expand further, need to improve as soon as possible. Hydraulic transmission and control due to the application of electronic technology, computer technology, information technology, automatic control technology and new technology, new materials has been made after the new development so that the hydraulic systems and components in the technical level have greatly improved. This article from Hydraulic fieldbus technology, automation control software technology, hydraulic components and systems, hydraulic energy-saving technology and other areas on hydraulic technology innovation and development trends. Hydraulic transmission to point out that automation, high precision and high efficiency, high-speed, high - Power, small, lightweight direction, and it is constantly improving, transmission, mechanical drive competitiveness of the key. Machinery automation, mainly in machine manufacturing industry in the application of automation technology, to achieve the targets of processing for automated production, the optimal and effective automated production process, production inputs to accelerate the processing speed of transformation and mobility. Machinery automation technology and application development, technological transformation is the mechanical manufacturing industry, the primary means of technological progress and technological development, the main direction. Machinery automation technology standards, not only affect the whole machinery industry development, but also the sectors of the national economy are significant technological progress of the direct impact. Therefore, the development of China's machinery manufacturing automation technology, in line with the basic principles of socialism in our country, in line with China's laws governing the development of modern production. Technology is moving in this century has been extremely rapid development and impact of one of the great science and technology. Modern automation technology is a completely new kind of productivity, create social wealth is a direct one of the major means of human activities and the production of material plays a great role in promoting. Therefore, automation technology by the extensive attention of all countries in the world and more and more applications.