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摘 要 攪拌摩擦焊技術(shù)是 90 年代發(fā)展起來的、自發(fā)明到工業(yè)應(yīng)用時(shí)間跨度最短和 發(fā)展最快的一項(xiàng)新型固相連接新技術(shù),公認(rèn)為是最有前途和最適合航空材料以 及結(jié)構(gòu)件制造的工藝方法之一。攪拌摩擦焊(FSW)是一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的固態(tài)焊接 過程。這種連接技術(shù)具有節(jié)能,高效,環(huán)保,用途廣泛的特點(diǎn)。特別是,它可 以用于高強(qiáng)度航天鋁合金和其他金屬的合金,這些合金是很難通過常規(guī)焊接熔 焊。 FSW 被認(rèn)為是金屬連接在十年的發(fā)展中最有標(biāo)志性的成果。 6 本文設(shè)計(jì)出的雙攪拌軸摩擦焊焊機(jī),總功率約 3 千瓦,適合于普通厚度的 鋁及其合金的工藝試驗(yàn)試件的焊接,攪拌摩擦頭轉(zhuǎn)速約 6000r/min,焊接速度 為 500600mm/min,最大加工焊縫厚度 15mm,焊縫長(zhǎng)度 500mm。文中介紹了攪 拌摩擦焊焊接技術(shù)的基本原理和特點(diǎn),概要地介紹了攪拌摩擦焊的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)、 研究現(xiàn)狀、工業(yè)應(yīng)用和發(fā)展前景。針對(duì)工藝試驗(yàn)試件攪拌摩擦焊機(jī),主要設(shè)計(jì)、 計(jì)算和校核了設(shè)備各主要部分,均能夠滿足試驗(yàn)用焊機(jī)的要求。 本機(jī)器由于采用雙攪拌頭,因此相對(duì)于一般的攪拌摩擦焊焊機(jī)效率更高。 相對(duì)于一般的攪拌摩擦焊焊機(jī),該機(jī)器也非常的經(jīng)濟(jì)和容易操作。 關(guān)鍵詞:雙攪拌軸摩擦焊;固相焊接;鋁合金焊接;焊機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) was firstly used in the 1990s, which is swiftest in development and is shortest in time from being invented to being applied, it is also treated as one of the technology that have a bright future and the most suitable for aviation and component manufacture.Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new solid-state joining process. This joining technique is energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. In particular, it can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional fusion welding. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining in a decade. This task is to sign a machine used in laboratory. Its power is about three kilowatt, rotation rate approximately is 6000r/min, and welding speed is from 500 to 600mm/min. It can be apply to welding the aluminum and aluminum alloys. In addition, the welding thickness cant exceed 15mm and length 500mm. In this paper, the basal principle and features of FSW is introduced, and the priority, prospect and application are also expounded. Importantly, main parts of the FSW machine was designed and calculated, the calculation results shows that the FSW machine designed in the paper can accord with the demand of the testing in laboratory. The advantage of this machine is that it is more efficient than the normal FSW machine because it has a twin-stir.Compared with other machine,it is also very cheap and easy-to-use. Key words:Twin-stir Friction welding;Solid phase welding;Aluminum alloys welding;Application prospect;Welding machine design 目 錄 摘 要 Abstract 第 1 章 緒論 ..................................................................................................................1 1.1 攪拌摩擦焊簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................1 1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ..............................................2 1.2.1 攪拌摩擦焊技術(shù)發(fā)展歷史及研究成果 .................................................................2 1.2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)攪拌軸摩擦焊技術(shù)發(fā)展發(fā)展應(yīng)用 ................................................................3 1.2.3 攪拌摩擦焊中雙攪拌軸摩擦焊技術(shù)目前的應(yīng)用情況和前景 .............................5 1.3 本次設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容和意義 ..................................................6 第 2 章 雙攪拌軸攪拌摩擦焊機(jī)設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................7 2.1 焊機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)以及規(guī)劃 ................................................7 2.2 各部件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................8 2.2.1 攪拌頭及夾具設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................8 2.2.2 攪拌系統(tǒng)功率計(jì)算 ................................................................................................9 2.2.3 攪拌系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)齒輪設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................11 2.2.4 攪拌軸的設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................................15 2.2.5 攪拌系統(tǒng) V 帶設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................20 2.2.6X-Y 工作臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................................................................26 2.2.7 傳動(dòng)絲杠設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................................27 2.2.8 減速齒輪的設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................................................30 2.2.9 液壓缸選擇 ...........................................................................................................33 第 3 章 AUTOCAD 與 PRO/E 軟件簡(jiǎn)介 .........................................................................34 3.1 軟件簡(jiǎn)介 .........................................................................................................................34 3.2 三維模型 .........................................................................................................................35 第 4 章 總結(jié)與展望 ....................................................................................................37 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................38 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................39