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1、1. Management with a geocentric orientation viewing the entire world as a potential market and striving to develop an integrated world market strategy. 2. Marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desi

2、red satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors do. 3. Product concept is such an idea that consumers will favor products that offer the most quality performance and features, and that the organization should therefore devote its energy to making continuous product improvement.

3、4. The production concept is such a philosophy that consumers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that management should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency. 5. The goal of differentiation principle is to create competitive advantage. 6.

4、 What does global localization mean? Thinking globally and acting locally. 7. EPRG Framework consists of Ethnocentric orientation , Polycentric orientation, Regiocentric Orientation, Geocentric Orientation. 8. Three principles of marketing includes value principle, differentiation principle, focu

5、s principle. 9. Which management philosophy holds that achieving organizational goals need to determine the needs and wants of target markets. Marketing concept, social marketing concept. 10. Marketing is a social and manager process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want t

6、hrough creating and exchanging products and value with others.√對(duì) 1. European union is a kind of Economic Unions. 2. Two or more countries agree to abolish all internal barriers to trade among themselves, Then they establish a Free trade areas. 3. Power distance index (PPDI Refers to the exte

7、nt to which the less powerful member of a society accept- even expect- that power is to be distributed uniquely. 4. Lower middle income countries, also known as less developed countries/LDCs. 5. Expropriation is a kind of political risk. 6. High income countries also known as advanced industrial

8、ized postindustrial or first world countries. 7. Self -reference criterion(SRC) refers to the unconscious reference to ones own cultural values. 8. Market Allocation relies on consumers to allocate resources. 9. Which of the following belongs to the most of delusion of equity control? Expropri

9、ation, Confiscaction, Nationalization, Creeping expropriation. 10. In a high context country lawyers is less important , a persons word is his or her bond, responsibility for organizational error is taken by highest level, people breathe on each other. 11. Sovereignty refers to the spring and

10、independent political authority of a country. 12. There are three types of economic systems, namely capitalist, sociologist, and mixed. 13. There are four stages of market development, namely low income countries, lower middle income countries, upper middle income countries, and high income countr

11、ies. 14. Culture can be explained by ways of living built up by a group of human beings which are transmitted from one generation to another. 15. Maslows hierarchy of needs is a useful theory of human motivation that helps explain cultural universals. 1. Segmentation is defined as the process of

12、dividing the world market into distinct success of consumers that behave in the same way or have similar needs. 2. Demographic segmentation is dividing the world based on measurable characteristics of populations, such as age, gender, income, national income, education and occupation, etc. 3. Beha

13、vior segmentation focus on whether people buy or use a product, how often and how much they use it. 4. Targeting is the act of evaluating and comparing the identified segments in order to select one or more of them as prospects with the highest potential. 5. Differentiated global marketing entails

14、 targeting two or more distinct segments with different marketing mixes. 6. Positioning is the location of a product in the mind of its customers，that is positioning is what happens in the mind of the customer. 7. High-tech positioning is a kind of positioning strategy for products which are ppurc

15、hased on concrete product features; Bears already have processed or wish to acquire considerable technical Information. 8. Core product consists of the core, problem solving benefits that consumers seek when they buy a product. 9. Product life cycle is the cause of a products sales and profits ove

16、r its lifetime. 10. Then company sells exactly the same product or service with the same advertising as used in the home country ,in some or all world market countries or segments, we say the company chooses a dual expansion strategy for global product expansion. 11. Transfer pricing refers to

17、the pricing of goods and services bought and sold by operating units or divisions of a single company. 12. Price escalation is the increase in a products price as transportation ,duty and distributor margins are added to the factory price. 13. Distribution channel refers to an organized network of

18、 agencies and institutions which in combination perform all the activities required to link producers with users to accomplish the marketing task. 14. The width of distribution channel is depending on the number of intermediaries in each level of channel. 15. Promotion refers to all forms of commu

19、nication used by organizations to inform ,remaind,explain, persuade, and influence the attitudes and buying behavior of customers and other persons. 16. Advertising refers to any sponsored paid message placed in a mass medium. 17. The goal of public relations is to build good relations with compan

20、ys various publics. 18. Personal selling is the interpersonal art of the promotion mix, which involves two -way ,personal communication between salespeople and individual customers-whether face to face ,by telephone, through video conferences ,or by other means. 19. Sales promotion refers to any

21、consumers or trade program of limited duration that is tangible value to a product or brand. 20. The goal of sales promotion is to encourage the purchase our sale of a product or service through the short term incentives. 21. ST p refers to segmentation positioning and targeting. 22. Consumer

22、products contains of convenience, shopping, specialty ,and unsought products on the basis of how they are purchased. 23. Sure, when the design product. We need to consider such factors as preferences, cost, laws and regulations ,compatibility and so on. 24. What are the factors influencing price setting? Pricing objectives, competitive prices, demand for the product, cost. 25. Which of the following a new product pricing strategies? Market skimming pricing, Market penetration pricing.