盤式汽車制動器設計【含CAD圖紙】,含CAD圖紙,汽車,制動器,設計,cad,圖紙 中 期 報 告 系名 專業(yè) 學生姓名 班級 學號 設 計 題 目： 盤式制動器的設計 本人在該設計中具體 應完成的工作： 技術要求： ①熟悉制動系統(tǒng)的組成及工作原理，根據給定的參數，對其相應制動系統(tǒng)進行設計； ②設計出該制動系統(tǒng)的主要零部件，并對其進行強度校核； ③應用二維、三維軟件繪制出該制動系統(tǒng)零部件工程圖和實體模型。 工作要求： ①查閱相關文獻15篇以上，其中至少有3篇以上相關外文文獻，準備資料，進行開題，并將其中一篇不少于2000詞的外文資料翻譯成漢語； ②完成畢業(yè)設計任務要求； ③撰寫畢業(yè)設計論文一篇。 1. 簡述畢業(yè)設計開始以來所做的具體工作和取得的進展： （1）自上交開題報告之后，針對畢業(yè)設計所要研究的內容，展開了一系列的工作： 本次畢業(yè)設計的題目為某型轎車制動器的設計與分析，在設計計算過程中運用到了我們車輛工程專業(yè)所學過課程中的汽車構造與原理、汽車設計、汽車理論等書中的專業(yè)知識，查找與論文所研究的內容相關的設計、文章或者其他前人所做的研究，并在圖書館中翻閱了一部分書籍。我首先對制動器的結構形式做出了一定了解，并分析其優(yōu)缺點，然后根據所給出的數據結合所學知識開始計算該車型制動系統(tǒng)制動力及制動器最大制動力矩、制動器的結構形式及選擇、制動器主要參數的計算與確定、制動力矩的計算與校核等等。因為我們已經在開題報告中列出了計劃，根據已經得到的數據，按部就班地完成論設計，在設計的過程中要不斷地對內容加以補充和修改，更要適時的表達自己的觀點，使論文結構立體化。 （2） 具體進展： 1. 收集整理資料，參閱部分收集到的資料，對轎車制動器有初步認識。 2. 準備開題報告，自己手動完成，由老師審閱后，完成開題報告。 3.調查研究的車型及參數和相關文獻。 4.分析各制動器的優(yōu)缺點，確定制動器的形式。 5.前制動器的確定 ，后制動器的確定以及操縱機構的確定。 6.制動器方案的選擇，參數選擇布置方制動器。 7.制動器總體和零部件的設計，參數的確定。 8.進行強度校核，繪制裝配圖和零件圖。 9.按要求撰寫畢業(yè)設計說明。 中 期 報 告 2.目前存在的問題，下一步的主要研究任務，具體設想與安排（要詳細內容） （1） 目前存在的問題: 1、由于專業(yè)基礎知識不夠扎實，設計經驗欠缺，參考資料收集不夠全面，設計主題思路還不是很清晰，對于有些簡單的問題解決的不夠精準，同時欠缺仿真軟件的支持，無法確定其設計效果。并且有較多的相關知識綜合運用，在設計計算過程中，運用不是很熟練，計算過程不是很順利，需要對欠缺的知識補習，彌補不足。? 2、由于涉及汽車專業(yè)知識，在設計過程中，需要補充對汽車基礎理論知識的學習，這占用了一部分時間和精力。? 3、用AutoCAD進行繪圖時，軟件操作不是很熟練，畫圖速度緩慢，需要在平時多加練習。 （2）下一步的主要研究任務，具體設想與安排: 在已經完成中期報告的基礎之上繼續(xù)學習CAD等軟件，利用CAD完成所有零件的出圖并進行后期的修飾，同時用CAD畫出盤式制動器的結構圖。最終完成畢業(yè)設計的后期報告，并初步進行畢業(yè)設計論文的撰寫以及準備答辯。在此先向一直對我進行指導幫助的趙利華老師進行致敬，感謝您的幫助，我會努力認真準確的完成最終的任務。 中 期 報 告 3.指導教師對該學生前期研究工作的評價（是否同意繼續(xù)研究工作） 指導教師親筆簽字： 年 月 日 備注：1、本表由學生填寫，指導教師親筆簽署意見。 2、以上各項句間距可以根據實際內容需要調整。 附錄 The hydraulic pressure support development with first gazes The hydraulic pressure support is take the high-pressured liquid as a power, by certain hydraulic pressure part (cylinder, pipe accessory) one kind of strut and the control roof mining coal working surface equipment which becomes with some steel work combinations. Has the intensity high, the travelling speed quick, support the performance good, safe is reliable and so on the characteristic. Since the 20th century 50's, the hydraulic pressure support has gradually become the mining coal working surface core equipment, in the world mainly produced the coal country to invest the massive manpower physical resource and the financial resource carries on the research development to it. At present, support tends to take the hydraulic pressure support as the main body maturely, in the world has produced makes several hundred kind of frames and the up to ten thousand kind of models hydraulic pressure support, meets each kind of coal bed mining support need. On the century 60's, our country once has also developed 10 kind of hydraulic pressure supports, because all sorts of reasons have not obtained the promoted application, the hydraulic pressure support is in the development, the experimental stage; The 70's successively from England, Germany, Poland, former Soviet Union and so on mainly produce the coal country to introduce several 10 sets of hydraulic pressure supports. After the unceasing exploration, the use, the digestion and the summary, make each kind of type the support, it is the beginning which the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support develops; The 80's hydraulic pressure support research and development is in the innovation to enhance the stage, develops 30 kind of new frames one after another, makes the ZZ series, the XY series, the ZD series and so on the different specification, and widely uses in the state-owned large and middle scale coal mines, obtains the good economic efficiency; 90's special hydraulic pressure support development obtains the rapid development, the mechanized shop net support, the water granulated substance fills the support, the reason support, the force support, puts goes against the coal support and so on to be published one after another; This century along with the computer technology, the automated technology popularization and the application, the hydraulic pressure support control obtains unprecedentedness to progress, gradually to the procedure control, the numerical control, the remote control and the automated control makes great strides forward. 2 domestic and foreign hydraulic pressure supports difference The domestically produced support in the manufacture technology, the material quality performance, the processing craft, the control system and in the sealing property compares with the overseas advanced countries has the very big disparity. 2.1 processings manufactures aspect According to the related synthesis picks the engineers and technicians to reflect that, the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support craft technology, the service life, the operational performance, use the material quality so far not yet to achieve in 1979 introduced 100 sets of supports the technical levels. If structural material: Germany uses the ST52 material it yield strength is 500 MPa, but our country uses 16 Mn material yield strength is only 350 MPa; Valve class: Overseas always uses the copper alloy valve shell and the high strength stainless steel valve core, our country is the 45# steel adds surface heat processing; In processing craft: The overseas cylinder endophragm is duplicate plates, the domestic product for does not plate, causes the column premature to appear the spot in the use process, scratches and so on the seal leaks the fluid phenomenon, affects support the effect. The domestically produced hydraulic pressure support and the overseas production hydraulic pressure support compares the average to reduce 2 ~ 3 a service life. 2.2 control systems aspect The domestically produced hydraulic pressure support control system research and development is at backwardness condition, seriously restricted the support to move supposes the speed the enhancement and the synthesis picks the economic efficiency the display. In the world several mainly produce the coal great nation throughout to enhance the support control system achievement the synthesis to pick the economic efficiency the important method, the 20th century 60's use manually straight control the operating system; The 70's use the forerunner control system, along with it England first proposed the development electrohydraulic control system, the eighty's tends to maturely; The 90's ladders company develops the entire working surface electrohydraulic control system, follows closely after that Wister to cut down the advantage Asia - shell Switzerland special company to develop more advanced P - M3, P - the M4 electrohydraulic control system. Presently country and so on US, Germany, England, Australia basically all is the programmable electrohydraulic control, but our country still used the hand control system. 2.3 hydraulic pressure parts aspect The hydraulic pressure part research and development speed lags by far to the hydraulic pressure support need to develop. The hydraulic pressure support reliability mainly relies on the hydraulic pressure part reliability, the hydraulic pressure support in the coal mine production applies whether succeeds, the key lies in the hydraulic pressure part the technical performance whether does meet the requirements. Overseas at present uses the great current capacity safety valve, the fluid much controls the cone-way valve, the cut-off valve, initially supports the strength maintenance valve and the column quickly returns at once the fluid valve. To the hydraulic pressure part structural style, the geometry size, the choice of material, the heat treatment method and the surface treatment and so on various aspects have conducted the thorough research and the development. Develops one batch of sealing property well, the sensitivity high, enters the row of fluid ability to be big, the anti- impact load strong each kind of hydraulic pressure part, adapts the hydraulic pressure support operating performance request. But our country kind of hydraulic pressure part research and development lags regarding this, at present still continued to use the century for 80's the product, has not formed the hydraulic pressure part universalization, the seriation, the standardization 3 hydraulic pressure supports prospects for development forecast In view of the fact that the science and technology high speed development, new technical, the new craft, the new method, the new material unceasing application and the computer technology unprecedented expansion, the hydraulic pressure support future development will have the extremely attractive prospect. 3.1 designs ideas renewal, the hydraulic pressure support develops a revolution Must consider the environment in the hydraulic pressure support design the attribute. Because the hydraulic pressure support working condition is bad, the person, machine the environment reciprocity question appears importantly. The green design is the choice of material, the product structure, the technique, the outward appearance modelling and the color matches according to the certain rule, adopts artistic the method to perform ingeniously to fuse, fully manifests the man-machine environment system the harmonious unification. The unwieldy hydraulic pressure support image safe, reliable, is been easy to service, lowly to consume energy, the high efficiency, the modelling artistic substitutes. This kind of green design, it not only Filters the environment and the resources both must meet the economical development needs, and must meet the human survival development needs, is the humanity sustainable developmental strategy in support design manifesting. For example: The hydraulic pressure support uses the multi- goals fuzzy design in the design process, requests to support the strength in a big way, moves a speed quickly, weight light, the timber wood are few and so on, each goal determined a function, namely many designs objective function, then the combination optimizes, determination preferred plan. 3.2 will adopt the pure water hydraulic pressure technology, the hydraulic pressure support becomes the green machinery The pure water hydraulic pressure technology is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti- burns the nature, the radiation, moreover the price also cheaply, does not have the pollution, since the long-time hydraulic pressure support in Surface under has worked, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and has many chemical additives (emulsifier, guards against rust medicinal preparation, antiseptic, partner mixture and so on), the micro environmental pollution is extremely serious to the surface below, therefore, the hydraulic pressure support use pure water hydraulic pressure technology, to reduces the coal mine the production cost, protects the environment is beneficial, and may greatly improve the mine pit the work and the security condition. Unceasingly progresses along with the society, the people had a higher request to the dependent survival environment, hoped has a security, the environmental protection, the highly civilized green environment. The time request summoned the hydraulic pressure transmission (to origin in 1605 discovered the Pascal's law) this ancient brand-new technology resurfaced, and received the world the attention. At present, the western nation concentrates the strength to study this technology, and makes the unprecedented progress. For example: The lubrication attrition question, reasonably selects rubs the vice- material, has the engineering plastics, the structure ceramics, the high polymer material, guards against rust anticorrosion coating and so on. The structure ceramics have the resistance to wear, the anti- cavitation performance is good, the good chemical stability, characteristic and so on lower friction factor, prepares is favoured. Replaces the partial metals material in the hydraulic pressure part with the structure ceramics, big improvement its performance. In brief, the new material success develops and applies, precisely processes technical the unceasing progress, as well as each kind of new structure hydraulic pressure part making, all will become the hydraulic pressure support to use the pure water hydraulic pressure technology to enter the strict non- pollution domain, will provide the extremely attractive application prospects for development. 3.3 high tech applications, the hydraulic pressure support tends to the intellectualization The advanced science and technology application is mutually seeps each kind of technology, mutually unifies in the foundation mutually assists, mutually promotes and the enhancement, fully uses each kind of related technical the superiority, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, after causes the combination the overall function to be bigger than the composition whole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies.. The many kinds of technologies unceasingly seep to "the mechanical parent substance - hydraulic pressure support", including technical and so on machine, electricity, fluid, light, magnetism servosystem. Specifically said that, is the strength, the speed which outputs by the hydraulic pressure support are a goal, constituted from has output to the input closed-loop system, was involves sensing the technology, the computer control technology, the signal processing technology, the mechanical drive technology, the hydraulic transmission technology and so on. Because fast operating speed, formidable memory function and keen logical judgement function, thus has realized the man-machine dialogue, causes it operation maintenance conveniently, the entire machine function to be strong. The hydraulic pressure support application function unceasingly expands, unceasingly strengthens to the mine pit coal bed geology condition compatibility, production benefit to equipment dependent degree increasingly big, the operational reliability is more important. The breakdown diagnosis technology (including signal examination, breakdown judgement, failure detection, content and so on fault analysis) along with the high tech development theory (for example wavelet technology, nerve network, artificial intelligence and so on) will enter the hydraulic pressure support the early diagnosis, the prevention and the reduced accident occurrence, service blindness and the maintenance time, will lengthen the support service life, will enhance the production efficiency. 4 concluding remark In summary, the hydraulic pressure support at present develops the main tendency is: Two columns shields type, enhances the hydraulic pressure support intensity, the design factor, moves a speed, the improvement individual part structure (overall top-beam, width center distance and so on), hydraulic pressure pipe accessory seriation, standardization, universalization, high working resistance, redundant reliability, with micro electron technology realization machine electrohydraulic integration digital gathering, operating mode monitor, breakdown diagnosis and automatic control. Hydraulic pressure support battery solution control engineering research and application A coal mining technology significant innovation. At present,The battery solution control technology in synthesis and so on US, Germany picked the technical leading country to obtain the widespread application,But our country then only then gradually the necessary use battery solution controls the technology in recent years on some hydraulic pressure supports 1 battery solution control technology basic principle and main composition 1.1 Battery solution control technology basic principle （1） Bidirectional neighbour control system. The synthesis picks working surface each support has the frame to control the box,The operator controls the box choice neighbour control mode through the support frame,Then sends out the corresponding control command according to the instruction (to produce electrical signal),Causes electro-magnet or micro electrical machinery movement which on neighbour corresponds,Let the electrical signal transform as the hydraulic pressure signal,Controls the host to control the valve to open,Supplies the fluid to the support hydraulic cylinder,Realization neighbour support corresponding movement. The support working mode active status feeds back the frame by the position transmitter and the pressure transmitter to control the box,The frame controls the box to decide the support again according to the sensor feedback signal the next movement. （2）Bidirectional becomes the group control system. Arranges the working surface support is certain groups,In on this group of in first frames presses the frame by the operator to control the box the start key,Sends out an instruction,Neighbour presses the pre-set sequence movement,After moves the frame to complete automatically sends out the control signal to control the box for next,Next starts the movement. Infer from this,In realization group support automatic control. （3）Entire working surface automatic control system. The function consummates battery solution.The control system is equipped with the main control console, the infrared installment,Can realize the support and the coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automation control. Its principle is:On each support frame controls the box with the main control console networking,When the support infrared receiving device receives the position which the coal mining machine infrared launcher sends out to believe. After number,The feedback gives the main control console,The main control console sends out the instruction according to the feedback signal,Causes the corresponding support movement. 1.2 Main constituent （1）Battery solution controller (SCU). The battery solution controller is a control system department.Series "heart",It by microprocessor, the intelligence transmission unit, operates the keyboard and the data receiving device and so on is composed. The battery solution controller has two aspects the functions:On the one hand is defers to the operational order and the pre-set sequence completes the solenoid valve group to open shuts,Then control support column, hoisting jack movement;On the other hand it receives the condition data which on the support obtains (including pressure, displacement and so on) and performs to analyze the judgment,Then controls the support the movement,And demonstrates the support state variable and the support breakdown. （2）Battery solution control valve group (FZ). The control valve group is one kind of multipurpose control hydraulic pressure solenoid valve,May replace the fluid cycle selector valve,This kind of valve assembly has causes the support movement the valve group and the surveillance support working condition pressure switch,Opens or the closed valve passage according to the controller instruction. （3）Central control bench (MCU). Whether the system does use MCU,Must the working surface automated horizontal height which determined according to the user decide. Only installs the battery solution controller,Even does not need to install the ground master control room (MCU1) and the mine shaft control room (MCU2),Also may realize the entire automation. The lowest level control system is a bidirectional neighbour unicontrol,What at present is commonly used is "as soon as controls four" the system,Then expands to the automatic arrangement, becomes the group to control, to become the group to pass and the combination function and so on,These all do not need the central control bench. （4）Periphery accessory. The battery solution control system has can survey Condition, And transforms the hydraulic pressure parameter into the electronic signal original part pressure transmitter,The reflection passes the hoisting jack travelling schedule position contact sensor as well as uses for automatically to start the coal mining machine long-distance control hydraulic pressure support battery solution controller the infrared receiver and so on. All sensors all have respective output signal,Thus may discover the position which the line severs,And is distinguished by each support battery solution controller. If the system matches in the mine shaft working surface or the ground control room Has the central control bench,Has the breakdown cable line or the sensor can demonstrate on the key station screen,Like this very easy definite breakdown position battery solution control flow like chart 1 shows 2 battery solutions control the support the merit Below this support and the hand control system compare has the merit （1） The support travelling speed is quick. At present the domestic hydraulic pressure support is common.Uses the hand control,It passes the speed besides to receive the system current capacity and the hydraulic pressure part has flowed the ability the limit,The worker also has the direct influence in the bay travelling speed to it,This kind of influence appears the outstandingly in the thin coal bed. The battery solution control support work process may automatically circulate carries on,Sped up moved a speed form eight to ten mintenuse,This speed can follow form13113 to 1315m/Min coal mining machine speed,Shan Taibeng current capacity 400 L/Min,Needs 2 to pump the simultaneous working. Satisfied the high efficiency coal mining machine fast to cut.. （2）Improved the roof to support and protect the condition. Because uses to press every time Niu operates,May enable the support to follow close on after the coal m