限壓式變量葉片泵測試試驗臺液壓系統(tǒng)的設計外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯,限壓式,變量,葉片泵,測試,試驗臺,液壓,系統(tǒng),設計,外文,文獻,翻譯,中英文 限壓式變量葉片泵測試試驗臺液壓系統(tǒng)的設計 限壓式變量葉片泵作為液壓元件之一，在實際生產中得到廣泛的應用。限壓式變量葉片泵能按負載大小自動調節(jié)流量，功率利用合理，可減少油液發(fā)熱，故常用于執(zhí)行元件有快慢速要求或有保壓要求的場合。快速、 慢速進給時，負載大，壓力高，流量小，泵自動轉換到特性曲線段。保壓時，在近點工作，提供小流量以補償系統(tǒng)泄漏這種限壓式變量葉片泵的額定壓力為6.3pa，從另外一方面來說，葉片泵作為液壓系統(tǒng)的動力源，對液壓系統(tǒng)的好壞起絕對的作用，有著巨大的影響。因此，限壓式變量泵性能測試的工作臺的建設很重要；本文重點講述了限壓式變量葉片泵的分類，工作原理以及在實際當中的應用，對限壓式變量葉片泵的進行靜態(tài)特性實驗分析以及對試驗臺的結構進行了設計。 液壓技術，從１７９５年英國制造出世界上第一臺水壓機誕生算起，已經有２００多年的歷史了，然而在工業(yè)上的真正推廣使用卻是２０世紀中葉的事情了。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，在一些武器裝備上用上了功率大、反應快、動作準的液壓傳動和控制裝置，大大的提高了武器裝備的性能。同時，也加速了液壓技術本身的發(fā)展。戰(zhàn)后，液壓技術迅速由軍事轉入民用，在機械制造、工程機械、鍛壓機械、冶金機械、汽車、船舶等行業(yè)中得到了廣泛的應用和發(fā)展。２０世紀６０年代以后，原子能技術、空間技術、電子技術等的迅速發(fā)展，再次將液壓技術向前推進，使其在各個工業(yè)領域得到了更加廣泛的應用。 現(xiàn)代液壓技術與微電子技術、計算機技術、傳感技術的緊密結合已經形成并發(fā)展成為一種包括傳動、控制、檢測在內的自動化技術。當前，液壓技術在實現(xiàn)高壓、高速、大功率、經久耐用、高度集成化等各項要求方面都取得了重大的進展，在完善發(fā)展比例控制和伺服控制、開發(fā)數(shù)字控制技術上也有許多新成果。同時，液壓元件和液壓系統(tǒng)的計算機輔助設計(CAD)和測試(CAT)、微機控制、機電一體化、液電一體化、可靠性、污染控制、能耗控制、小型微型化等方面也是液壓技術發(fā)展和研究的方向。繼續(xù)擴大應用服務領域，采用更先進的設計和制造技術，將使液壓技術發(fā)展成為內涵更加豐富完整的綜合自動化技術。 目前，液壓技術已廣泛應用于各個工業(yè)領域的技術裝備上，例如機械制造、工程、建筑、礦山、冶金、船舶等機械，上至航空、航天工業(yè)，下至地礦、海洋開發(fā)工程，幾乎無處不見液壓技術的蹤跡。液壓技術的應用領域大致上可以歸納為以下幾個主要方面： （1）各種舉升、搬運作業(yè)。尤其在行走機械和較大驅動功率的場合，液壓傳動已經成為一種主要方式。如起重機、起錨機等。 （2）各種需要作用力大的推、擠、挖掘等作業(yè)裝置。例如，各種液壓機、塑料注射成型機等。 （3）高響應、高精度的控制。飛機和導彈的姿態(tài)控制等裝置。 （4）多種工作程序組合的自動操作與控制。如組合機床、機械加工自動線。 （5）特殊工作場合。例如地下水下、防爆等。 一個完整的液壓系統(tǒng)由五個部分組成，即動力元件、執(zhí)行元件、控制元件、無件和液壓油。 ? 動力元件的作用是將原動機的機械能轉換成液體的壓力能，指液壓系統(tǒng)中的油泵，它向整個液壓系統(tǒng)提供動力。液壓泵的結構形式一般有齒輪泵、葉片泵和柱塞泵，它們的性能比較如執(zhí)行元件(如液壓缸和液壓馬達)的作用是將液體的壓力能轉換為機械能，驅動負載作直線往復運動或回轉運動。 ?控制元件(即各種液壓閥)在液壓系統(tǒng)中控制和調節(jié)液體的壓力、流量和方向。 根據控制功能的不同，液壓閥可分為村力控制閥、流量控制閥和方向控制閥。壓力控制閥又分為益流閥(安全閥)、減壓閥、順序閥、壓力繼電器等；流量控制閥包括節(jié)流閥、調整閥、分流集流閥等；方向控制閥包括單向閥、液控單向閥、梭閥、換向閥等。根據控制方式不同，液壓閥可分為開關式控制閥、定值控制閥和比例控制閥。 輔助元件包括油箱、濾油器、油管及管接頭、密封圈、壓力表、油位油溫計等。 ? 液壓油是液壓系統(tǒng)中傳遞能量的工作介質，有各種礦物油、乳化液和合成型液壓油等幾大類。 Design of pressure limiting variable vane pump test platform hydraulic system introduced a concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing and sophisticated production, and other advanced manufacturing technology and the characteristics of the development of machine tools in the portfolio of applications, how to deepen and extend the application of specific measures. In the machine tool industry, with the social demands of the continuous improvement of products, along with the growing competition in the market to meet user requirements, including the improvement of product quality, shorten production cycles, reduce costs, improve service and win market has become a breakthrough. In order to achieve this goal and win market, it should be the introduction of modern and advanced manufacturing technology: concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing and sophisticated production, in order to promote the development of combination machine. Concurrent Engineering is also known as concurrent engineering, integrated, parallel to optimize product design and its related processes (including manufacturing and support) system approach, which guide the product development staff began to consider a product from concept to design to the demise of throughout the life cycle of all the factors, including quality, cost, programming and user needs. Concurrent Engineering is the first to shorten product development cycles as a means to develop. Products will be characterized by the development, production engineering involved in the acts broken down into a series of tasks, such as market analysis, design, process design, production plans and equipment purchases, processing, quality assurance, testing and after sales service. These sub-tasks as far as possible and consider synchronous parallel to achieve improved design to shorten the cycle and improve quality, reduce costs, optimize the design purpose. It stressed that integrated, coordinated and parallel, namely: (1) management, design, production, and service of all project-related personnel and product information integration as a whole, and stressed that all relevant departments and the interests of the overall goal line (2) to the establishment of a competent and reasonable charge of the project personnel structure of the working group coordinated management model, by the Working Group in the ministries responsible for project elements, and the promotion of the coordination of tasks, (3) parallel processing stages of the work. According to the project in the different tasks of the linkages between the different ministries mandate of the elements of the work process can be completely overlap or duplication. In accordance with these principles, formulate a reasonable, and optimize the work plan, and the location in which the necessary settings assessment, the Working Group by the project implementation so that all sub-tasks in parallel, to move forward in an orderly manner, so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the whole project . According to the traditional methods of work, the work of the various stages in a row serial. In such a product development approach, divorced from each other at various stages, are not related, resulting in increased design error, and difficult to discover such a design rework, to lengthen the development cycle, adding to the costs. Parallel working methods used, the process will be integrated with parallel consideration, the work can be carried out duplication. Problems can be promptly coordinate the changes so that the follow-up stage left to increase the difficulty of correction And costs. Thus, the application of concurrent engineering can significantly shorten the product development cycle, reduce costs, it is suitable for the development of professional portfolio machine. Concurrent engineering methods will be applied to product development, the effect was very significant. March 1997, Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology with a motorcycle design and manufacturing plants to sign the 6-crank machine project contract for delivery end of the year, and the requirements of machine tools in the past quite different. In the project using a concurrent engineering approach, in parallel, cross-operation , greatly reducing the design, manufacture period, the successful completion of the tasks. Parallel development of the combination of machine specific methods are: (1) the establishment of a multi-composed of professionals to develop working groups. By the Working Group of the specific part of the implementation of the project, members of the Working Group in collaboration division of duties, timely and coordinated in order to achieve optimization of the design. Such as a machine tool demand in the clamping fixture parts to the process of floating, if separate consideration from the mechanical structure to meet this requirement more difficult, complex structure of the fixture. Later, with the hydraulic design of electrical control and coordinate, control procedures proposed amendments to change the order clamping action, adjusting the hydraulic pressure of solutions to meet the requirements of the clamping. (2) in the formulation of programmes, the signing of the contract stage, on the preliminary identified a number of standard components. (3) Multiple Multi-accreditation programme. Machine Tool Technology in determining the overall programme, key components in the overall design process, many times by the Solidworks committee to review the design plan, and put into production before the user in the design plan joint trials. Thus, from the design to take into account the beginning of a process design, tooling design, manufacturing, assembly and other downstream various stages of debugging problems that may arise, thus greatly reducing the number of design changes Rated meet user requirements, to achieve design best. (4) a design pre-release method. Machine overall plans in a formal drawing ago, has been released in stages set by the main structure and the major components of data, process design, tooling design can be carried out ahead of schedule. In the design of the machine tool to determine some components such as fixtures, tools such as the coordination of size, and at the same time began to design and tool fixture, and, also identified slider, mobile workstations and other components, these components have the choice as far as possible Standard components, in the design of its operation will be completed. And the overall design of the various components such as fixtures, and timely coordination between the tool, linked to changes in the size of each other timely coordination so that the size of other relevant drawings are promptly corrected. (5) components in the design of the processing cycle can be long specific parts such as folders, such as casting stereotypes as soon as possible to advancing the process design, production. (6) completion of the various components of a design, process design and ready to enter the production stage. Therefore, the various components of the parts is in the workshop, parallel processing. Adopt this approach, the Working Group 4 were used only four weeks time on the part of generic components such as the slider, mobile platforms and power first went into operation at the same time, the completion of the mechanical design of the machine and outsourcing of orders. Machine tool production process, the various components in the Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology Association, and several manufacturers at the same time. In the machine, installation and debugging, but also several machine at the same time, through these work, and machine tools for the timely delivery of valuable time. Agile manufacturing in the United States of the Caspian Sea, "the 21st century manufacturing strategy" in the report of a new manufacturing paradigm. After development, the United States lacocca Institute will be defined as: "a company that is agile in the market for the unpredictable changes in the competitive environment in the development and prosperity of a capability, that is rapidly changing global market a rapid response capability, with the company computer network and the global production system, the market, competitors to link up in the high-quality, high-performance, low-cost, customer product configuration settings, such as user demand-driven market situation demonstrated a capability. " Characterized by the flexible production technology, flexible organization management and professional skills of the staff have integrated into a coordinated, interconnected systems, in order to achieve the strategic goal of reunification, the same industry in different enterprises through joint infrastructure links, past life-and-death competition will become friendly and cooperative competition, thereby changing market faster response. Therefore, this technology is suitable for the development of professional portfolio machine. (1) promote the Agile first modular products, reflected in the composition of the machine is in the machine tool components and the standardization of serialization. Crankshaft Machine Tool in the development and design, can greatly shorten the design cycle, the application of concurrent engineering is a factor, large number of standard components, the application of common components is a key element. (2) In the Agile Manufacturing, must reflect the people and organizations is the most valuable asset. In the production of large quantities, people are always Solidworks solution as manufacture and sale of the crux of the problem, and in Agile Manufacturing, the best use of people is the key to solve the problem, technology is only a method or means. Therefore, the need for the Project Working Group organizational model advocated hard working, give full play to their initiative. Sophisticated production is the United States in the 1990s, Japan's Toyota Motor Corporation summed up production management methods on the basis of summing up by the production. It stressed that by improving the production of enterprises in the management of the activities, including the efficiency of various activities and cost accounting, to achieve the fastest speed of response to the market, the lowest cost of production, the optimal product design to design and Manufacturing of products needed by the market. Its features are user-God, a people-centred, as a means to streamline, to zero defect goal. Can be seen from the above analysis, and advanced manufacturing technology in the Beijing Institute of Aviation Technology Portfolio machine has been developed in a number of applications, but still need to further deepen and extend the application. In later work, Should pay attention to the following aspects: (1) Working Group on the further implementation of the project model, a responsibility to the people, by the use of concurrent engineering group responsible for the completion of the way from the machine tool technology programme to design, manufacture, testing and delivery of the work of the staff at the same time strengthen the knowledge and skills training, keep track machine tool industry at home and abroad combination of the latest developments. (2) market changes and the development of pre-study plan at the same time maintain close ties with users, users who regularly visit provides its users with quality after-sales service, and equipment operation and understanding of user needs, in order to improve the design. (3) high-quality products to win customers. Machine Tool in the development portfolio, in addition to enhancing the sense of quality, the new technology, the application of new technology in the market is also an important means. Now users generally require machine efficiency, flexibility, and adapt to small quantities and variety of processing. Portfolio Tool to enhance the efficiency of production and increase in the design should be cutting speed, the use of advanced tools, centralized processing consider three aspects. (4) attention to the development of products can be reconstructed so as to achieve the structure of modular machine. In the design, the use of group technology, and promote common machine combination of the development and application of functional modules, can be flexible coordinates NC unit model. (5) the application of agile manufacturing technology, the establishment of an effective Union dynamic virtual forms of cooperation. Further strengthen and outsourcing of production plants and factories, HS cooperation. Make full use of existing community technology, information equipment and personnel resources, strong - strong alliance, complementary advantages, the use of the virtual company model to expand our production capacity. 8