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沈陽(yáng)工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
摘 要
[鍵入文字]
床身是立式加工中心非常重要的基礎(chǔ)支撐件，它起到了支撐立柱、滑座、工作臺(tái)等重要零部件的作用，主要承受機(jī)床的靜載荷以及在加工時(shí)產(chǎn)生的切削負(fù)載。床身的靜動(dòng)態(tài)性能直接影響機(jī)床的加工精度和穩(wěn)定性,因此，床身結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化對(duì)于立式加工中心的發(fā)展具有十分重要的意義，本課題即結(jié)合沈陽(yáng)機(jī)床廠VMC850B立式加工中心的性能特點(diǎn)與相關(guān)參數(shù)，對(duì)立式加工中心床身結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，具體內(nèi)容如下：
（1）借鑒于同類型的床身結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)VMC850B的整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)了床身上表面布局，通過(guò)查閱《實(shí)用機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》等參考書(shū)，科學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)了床身的截面形狀，包括壁厚的選定以及加強(qiáng)肋、方孔、圓孔的合理布置。同時(shí)對(duì)床身進(jìn)行了受力分析并利用ANSYS軟件對(duì)床身模型采取了靜態(tài)力有限元分析。
（2）針對(duì)與床身相關(guān)的重要零部件，包括Y方向伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)、滾珠絲杠、直線導(dǎo)軌、軸承、聯(lián)軸器，進(jìn)行了分析與計(jì)算，并最終確立了型號(hào)與參數(shù)。
（3）提出了床身的精度要求，包含加工和裝配過(guò)程中的幾何精度。
關(guān)鍵詞：立式加工中心；床身；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；選型計(jì)算；有限元分析；精度設(shè)計(jì)
沈陽(yáng)工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
Abstract
The bed is a very important basis for supporting parts in the vertical machining center, it plays a role that supporting the column, the slide, the workbench and some other important parts. The bed mainly withstands the static load of the machine tool and the cutting load in the processing. The static and dynamic performance of the bed directly affects the machining accuracy and stability. Therefore, the optimization of the bed structure has great significance for the development of the vertical machining centers. The subject, which is combined with the performance characteristics and parameters of the vertical machining center 850B of the Shenyang Machine Tool Factory, have designed the bed structure of the vertical machining center scientifically and systematically, the details are as follows:
(1)Learnt from the bed structure of the same type and designed the layout of the bed top surface under VMC850B’s whole structure, through accessing to
and and other reference books, scientifically designed the cross-sectional shape of the bed, including the selection of the wall thickness as well as the reasonable layout of the reinforcing rib, the square and circle holes. The subject also did the stress analysis for the bed and used the software called ANSYS to do the finite element analysis of the static force for the model of the bed.
(2)For the important parts of the bed, including the Y-direction servo feed drive motor, ball screws, linear guides ,bearings and couplings, did the analysis and the calculation, and eventually established the models and the parameters.
(3)Put forward the accuracy requirements of the bed, including the geometric precision of the machining and assembly process.
Keywords: the vertical machining ；center the bed ； structural design ；selection calculation finite element analysis ； precision design
沈陽(yáng)工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)
目 錄
1 機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)現(xiàn)狀 1
1.1 課題研究的背景和意義 1
1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 2
1.3 本論文內(nèi)容概要 4
2 床身結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 4
2.1 床身材料 4
2.2 床身時(shí)效處理 4
2.3 床身結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.3.1床身重要表面設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.3.2床身截面形狀設(shè)計(jì) 5
2.4 床身熱變形 10
2.5 床身結(jié)構(gòu)確定方案 11
3 床身零部件的計(jì)算與選型 12
3.1 Y方向滾珠絲杠副的選擇 12
3.1.1 初步計(jì)算絲杠導(dǎo)程 13
3.1.2 滾珠絲杠副當(dāng)量載荷與當(dāng)量轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算 14
3.1.3計(jì)算預(yù)期額定動(dòng)載荷 17
3.1.4 估算滾珠絲杠允許最大軸向變形 18
3.1.5估算滾珠絲杠副的底徑 18
3.1.6 計(jì)算滾珠絲杠副預(yù)緊力 20
3.1.7 滾珠絲杠副剩余結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸確定 20
3.2 伺服電機(jī)的選擇 21
3.2.1電機(jī)的負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)矩計(jì)算 21
3.2.2 慣量匹配計(jì)算 22
3.2.3空載啟動(dòng)時(shí)最大加速力矩計(jì)算： 24
3.2.4快速空載啟動(dòng)時(shí)所需最大啟動(dòng)力矩計(jì)算 24
3.2.5 電動(dòng)機(jī)連續(xù)勻速工作時(shí)的最大力矩 25
3.2.6 電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出端軸的直徑計(jì)算 25
3.3 滾動(dòng)軸承的選擇 25
3.3.1 滾動(dòng)軸承使用條件 26
3.3.2 初選止動(dòng)球軸承型號(hào) 26
3.3.3 止推軸承組配方式 26
3.3.4 止推軸承的選用計(jì)算 27
3.3.5 圓柱滾子軸承的選型計(jì)算 29
結(jié) 論 31
致 謝 33
參考文獻(xiàn) 34
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