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1、查閱纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)工藝與裝備的相關(guān)文獻和資料。查閱相關(guān)國家標準； 2、纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)工藝設(shè)計； 3、纏繞式墊片用纏繞機結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計； 4、纏繞式墊片用纏繞機運動機構(gòu)設(shè)計； 5、選配電機、關(guān)鍵部位強度校核（軸、軸承、傳動齒輪、皮帶輪、支架等）、關(guān)鍵部位壽命校核（軸承等）； 6、完成設(shè)計圖紙和設(shè)計說明書。? 7．翻譯1萬印刷符（或譯出3千漢字）以上的有關(guān)技術(shù)資料。 8．畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書打印在“畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文紙”上，論文的字數(shù)不得少于1萬字，并附有300～500字的中文摘要及對應的外文摘要。有關(guān)撰寫的格式及標準參照國家標準GB 7713—87《科學技術(shù)報告、學位論文和學術(shù)論文的編寫格式》執(zhí)行。 9．其它要求參照《南京工業(yè)大學機械與動力工程學院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）工作條例》執(zhí)行。 完成一張A0總成裝配圖； 完成1～4張A1部件裝配圖或2～8張A3部件裝配圖； 要求圖紙總量不少于相當于6張A1圖紙的工作量。 [1]. 杜培德與蔡仁良, 纏繞式墊片設(shè)計系數(shù)的確定. 流體機械, 1998(03): 第34-37頁. [2]. 陳琳, 國內(nèi)外纏繞式墊片標準評述. 石油規(guī)劃設(shè)計, 1998(02): 第37-39+4頁. [3]. 陸曉峰與顧伯勤, 纏繞式墊片生產(chǎn)新技術(shù)與裝備. 石油機械, 1999(08): 第29-31頁. [4]. P., D.S., A.C. W.與張立權(quán), 纏繞式墊片在密封連接中的應用. 化工與通用機械, 1979(04): 第44-50頁. [5]. A., B.與張立權(quán), 纏繞式墊片的壓縮性和變形規(guī)律性. 化工與通用機械, 1978(05): 第57-65頁. [6]. 任建民, 蔡仁良與孟豐有, 金屬纏繞式墊片技術(shù)的新進展. 流體機械, 1999(05): 第28-31+59頁. [7]. 劉翠珊, 王開治與任建民, 美標與化標關(guān)于纏繞式墊片規(guī)定的比較, 2009. 第 66-67頁. [8]. 王仕江, 章佳紅與俞桂浩, 從纏繞式墊片標準看制造工藝的優(yōu)化, in 第九屆中國摩擦密封材料技術(shù)交流暨產(chǎn)品展示會2007: 中國上海. 第 3頁. [9]. 陸曉峰與顧伯勤, 金屬纏繞式墊片制造工藝及質(zhì)量控制. 石油化工設(shè)備, 2001(S1): 第80-82頁. [10]. 王瑋與白福巖, 國內(nèi)外纏繞式墊片的標準與應用. 科技致富向?qū)? 2014(18): 第135-136頁. 設(shè)計（論文）各階段工作內(nèi)容 2014.12.3-12.31查閱文獻，做好開題前期工作 2015.1.1-1.31完善課題研究方案，完成外文翻 譯、文獻綜述和開題報告等工作 2015.2.1-6.7進行課題的實驗、設(shè)計、調(diào)研及結(jié) 果的處理與分析等，完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書或論文 寫作，并修改完善。 2015.6.8-6.14修改論文，答辯 Designation: F 104 03 Standard Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materials 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope 1.1 This classification system 2 provides a means for speci- fying or describing pertinent properties of commercial nonme- tallic gasket materials. Materials composed of asbestos, cork, cellulose, and other organic or inorganic materials in combi- nation with various binders or impregnants are included. Materials normally classified as rubber compounds are not included, since they are covered in Classification D 2000. Gasket coatings are not covered, since details thereof are intended to be given on engineering drawings or in separate specifications. While the facing materials for laminate compos- ite gasket materials (LCGM) are included in Classification System F 104, materials normally classified as LCGM are not covered since they are included in Classification F 868. 1.2 Since all of the properties that contribute to gasket performance are not included, use of the classification system as a basis for selecting materials is limited. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: D 2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto- motive Applications 2 E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur- poses 3 F 36 Test Method for Compressibility and Recovery of Gasket Materials 2 F 37 Test Methods for Sealability of Gasket Materials 2 F 38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Mate- rial 2 F 146 Test Methods for Fluid Resistance of Gasket Materi- als 2 F 147 Test Method for Flexibility of Non-Metallic Gasket Materials 2 F 148 Test Method for Binder Durability of Cork Compo- sition Gasket Materials 2 F 152 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Nonmetallic Gasket Materials 2 F 433 Practice for Evaluating Thermal Conductivity of Gasket Materials 2 F 607 Test Method for Adhesion of Gasket Materials to Metal Surfaces 2 F 868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Ma- terials 2 G 21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi 4 3. Significance and Use 3.1 This classification is intended to encourage uniformity in reporting properties; to provide a common language for communications between suppliers and consumers; to guide engineers and designers in the test methods commonly used for commercially available materials; and to be versatile enough to cover new materials and test methods as they are introduced. 3.2 It is based on the principle that nonmetallic gasket materials should be described, insofar as is possible, in terms of specific physical and mechanical characteristics, and that an infinite number of such descriptions can be formulated by use of one or more standard statements based on standard tests. Therefore, users of gasket materials can, by selecting different combinations of statements, specify different combinations of 1 This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.30 on Classification. Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 104 02 e1 . 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.02. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04. 1 Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. properties desired in various parts. Suppliers, likewise, can report properties available in their respective products. 4. Basis of Classification 4.1 To permit “l(fā)ine call-out” of the descriptions mentioned in 3.2, this classification system establishes letter or number symbols or both for various performance levels of each property or characteristic (see Table 1) 5 . 4.2 In specifying or describing gasket materials, each“ line call-out” shall include the number of this system (minus date symbol) followed by the letter “F” and six numerals, for example: ASTM F 104 (F125400). Since each numeral of the call-out represents a characteristic (as shown in Table 1), six numerals are always required. The numeral “0” is used when the description of any characteristic is not desired. The numeral “9” is used when the description of any characteristic (or test related thereto) is specified by some supplement to this classification system, such as notes on engineering drawings. 4.3 To further specify or describe gasket materials, each “l(fā)ine call-out” may include one or more suffix letter-numeral symbols, as listed in Table 2, for example: ASTM F104 (F125400-B2M4). Various levels of definition may be estab- lished by increasing or decreasing the number of letter-numeral symbols used in the “l(fā)ine call-out.” 4.4 For convenience, gasket materials are referred to by Type according to the principal fibrous or particulate reinforce- ment or other material from which the gasket is made and by Class according to the manufacturing method, or the common trade designation. Type numbers correspond with the first numeral, and class numbers correspond with the second numeral of the basic six-digit line call-out, as shown in Table 1. NOTE 1While this “cell-type” format provides the means for close characterization and specification of each property and combinations of properties for a broad range of materials, it is subject to possible misapplications, since impossible property combinations can be coded if the user is not familiar with available commercial materials. Table X1.1 of this classification indicates properties, characteristics, and test methods that are normally considered applicable to each type of material. 5. Physical and Mechanical Requirements 5.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification shall have the characteristics or properties indicated by the first six numerals of the line call-out, within the limits shown in Table 1, and by additional letter-numeral symbols shown in Table 2. 6. Thickness Requirements 6.1 Gasket materials identified by this classification system shall conform to the thickness tolerances specified in Table 3. 7. Sampling 7.1 Specimens shall be selected from finished gaskets or sheets of suitable size, whichever is the more practicable. If sheets are used, they shall, where applicable, be cut squarely with the grain of the stock, and the grain direction shall be noted by an arrow. If finished gaskets are used, the dimensions of sample and any variations from method must be reported. 7.2 For qualification purposes, thickness shall be 0.8 mm (0.03 in.), except for Type 2, where the qualification thickness is to be 1.5 to 6.4 mm (0.06 to 0.25 in.), and Type 5 Class 1, where the qualification thickness is to be 0.4 mm (0.015 in.). When thicknesses other than those shown above are to be tested, the specification limits shall be agreed to in writing between the purchaser and the supplier. 7.3 Sufficient specimens shall be selected to provide a minimum of three determinations for each test specified. The average of the determinations shall be considered as the result. 8. Conditioning 8.1 Prior to all applicable tests, specimens shall be condi- tioned as follows: 8.1.1 When the first numeral of line call-out is “1” (Type 1 materials), specimens shall be conditioned in an oven at 100 6 2C (212 6 3.6F) for 1 h and allowed to cool to 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) in a desiccator containing anhydrous calcium chloride; except when second numeral of line call-out is “3” (Class 3 materials), the specimens shall be conditioned in an oven for4hat1006 2C (212 6 3.6F). 8.1.2 When the first numeral of line callout is “2” (Type 2 materials), specimens shall be conditioned at least 46 h in a controlled-humidity room or in a closed chamber with gentle mechanical circulation of the air at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and 50 to 55 % relative humidity. NOTE 2If a mechanical means of maintaining 50 to 55 % relative humidity is not available, a tray containing a saturated solution of reagent grade magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO 3 )6H 2 O, shall be placed in the chamber to provide the required relative humidity. 8.1.3 When the first numeral of line callout is “3” (Type 3 materials), specimens shall be preconditioned for4hat21to 30C (70 to 85F) in a closed chamber containing anhydrous calcium chloride as a desiccant. The air in the chamber shall be circulated by gentle mechanical agitation. Specimens shall then be transferred immediately to a controlled-humidity room or closed chamber with gentle mechanical circulation of the air and conditioned for at least 20 h at 21 to 30C (70 to 85F) and 50 to 55 % relative humidity. 8.1.4 When the first numeral of a line callout is “4,” no conditioning of specimens is necessary. 8.1.5 When the first numeral of a line callout is “5,” “7,” or “8,” test specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with 8.1.1 (Type 1 materials). 8.1.6 When the first numeral of a line callout is “0” or “9,” specimens shall be conditioned as in 8.1.3, unless otherwise specified in supplements to this classification. 8.2 In all cases where testing is conducted outside the area of specified humidity, specimens shall be removed from the chamber one at a time just prior to testing. 9. Test Methods 9.1 Thickness: 9.1.1 Measure the specimens with a device actuated by a dead-weight load. The device shall be capable of reading in 5 IRM 903 is available from R.E. Carrol, Inc. P.O. Box 5806, Trenton, NJ 08638. The user should be aware that results may differ from results using ASTM Oil No. 3. ASTM Oil No. 3 is no longer commercially available due to potential health risks associated with its use. IRM 903 has been approved by Committee D-11 as a replacement for ASTM Oil No. 3. F10403 2 TABLE 1 Basic Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Basic Six-Digit Number Basic Characteristic First Numeral “Type” of material (the principal fibrous, particulate, or reinforcement material from which the gasket is made) shall conform to the first numeral of the basic six-digit number, as follows: 0 = not specified 5 = flexible graphite 1 = asbestos 7 = nonasbestos fiber, tested as Type 1 2 = cork 8 = vermiculite 3 = cellulose 9 = as specified A 4 = fluorocarbon polymer Second Numeral Class of material(method of manufacture or common trade designation) shall conform to the second numeral of the basic six-digit number, as follows: When first numeral is “0” or “9,” second numeral: 0 = not specified 9 = as specified A When first numeral is “1” or “7,” second numeral: 0 = not specified 1 = compressed sheeter process 2 = beater process 3 = paper and millboard 9 = as specified A When first numeral is “2,” second numeral: 0 = not specified 1 = cork composition (Class 1) 2 = cork and elastomeric (Class 2) 3 = cork and cellular rubber (Class 3) 9 = as specified A When first numeral is “3,” second numeral: 0 = not specified 1 = untreated fibertag, chipboard, vulcanized fiber, etc. (Class 1) 2 = protein treated (Class 2) 3 = elastomeric treated (Class 3) 4 = thermosetting resin treated (Class 4) 9 = as specified A When first numeral is “4,” second numeral: 0 = not specified 1 = sheet PTFE 2 = PTFE of expanded structure 3 = PTFE filaments, braided, or woven 4 = PTFE felts 5 = filled PTFE 9 = as specified When first numeral is “5” or “8,” second numeral: 0 = not specified 1 = homogeneous sheet 2 = laminated sheet 9 = as specified A Third Numeral Compressibility characteristics, determined in accordance with Test Method F 36, shall conform to the percent indicated by the third numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 25 %) 0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 30 % 1=0to10% 6=25to40% 2=5to15%* 7=30to50% 3=10to20% 8=40to60% 4 = 15 to 25 % 9 = as specified A * 7 to 17 % for compressed sheeter process Fourth Numeral Thickness increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil: 5 determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percent indicated by the fourth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 15 to 30 %) 0 = not specified 5 = 20 to 40 % 1=0to15% 6=30to50% 2=5to20% 7=40to60% 3=10to25% 8=50to70% 4 = 15 to 30 % 9 = as specified A Fifth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in IRM 903 Oil: 5 determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percent indicated by the fifth numeral of the basic six-digit number. (Example: 4 = 30 % max) 0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max 1=10%,max 6=60%,max 2=15%,max 7=80%,max 3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max 4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specified A Sixth Numeral Weight increase when immersed in water:determined in accordance with Test Method F 146, shall conform to the percent indicated by the sixth numeral of the basic six-digit number. See left and below. (Example: 4 = 30 %, max) 0 = not specified 5 = 40 %, max 1=10%,max 6=60%,max 2=15%,max 7=80%,max 3 = 20 %, max 8 = 100 %, max 4 = 30 %, max 9 = as specified A A On engineering drawings or other supplement to this classification system. F10403 3 TABLE 2 Supplementary Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Suffix Symbol Supplementary Characteristics A9 Sealability characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 37. External load, internal pressure, other details of test, and results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification. B1 through B9 Creep relaxation characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 38. Loss of stress at end of 24 h shall not exceed the amount indicated by the numeral of the B-symbol. B1=10% B5=30% B2=15% B6=40% B3=20% B7=50% B4=25% B8=60% B9 = as specified A D00 through D99 The former ASTM standard F 64, Test Method for Corrosive and Adhesive Effects of Gasket Materials on Metal Surfaces, was discontinued in 1980. The newly established test for adhesion has become Test Method F 607. E00 through E99 Weight and thickness change after immersion in ASTM Fuel B shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 146. Weight increase shall not exceed the standard rating number indicated by the first numeral of the two-digit number of the E-symbol. Thickness increase shall not exceed the standard rating number indicated by the second numeral of the E-symbol. Weight Increase, % (first numeral) Thickness Increase, % (second numeral) E0_ = not specified E_0 = not specified E1_ = 10 E_1 = 05 E2_ = 15 E_2 = 010 E3_ = 20 E_3 = 015 E4_ = 30 E_4 = 520 E5_ = 40 E_5 = 1025 E6_ = 60 E_6 = 1535 E7_ = 80 E_7 = 2545 E8_ = 100 E_8 = 3060 E9_ = as specified A E_9 = as specified A H Adhesion characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 607. Results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification. K1 through K9 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Practice F 433 using a temperature of 100 6 2C (212 6 3.6F). The k-factor obtained in W/(mK) Btuin./hft 2 F shall fall within the ranges indicated by the numeral of a K symbol. K1 = 0 to 0.09 (0 to 0.65) K5 = 0.29 to 0.38 (2.00 to 2.65) K2 = 0.07 to 0.17 (0.50 to 1.15) K6 = 0.36 to 0.45 (2.50 to 3.15) K3 = 0.14 to 0.24 (1.00 to 1.65) K7 = 0.43 to 0.53 (3.00 to 3.65) K4 = 0.22 to 0.31 (1.50 to 2.15) K8 = 0.50 to 0.60 (3.50 to 4.15) K9 = as specified A L000 through L999 Type 7, Class 1 or Class 2 materials. First fiber constituent indicated by the first numeral of the three-digit number of the L-symbol. Second fiber constituent indicated by the second numeral of the three-digit number of the L-symbol. Binder constituent indicated by the third numeral of the three-digit number of the L-symbol. First Fiber (first numeral) Second Fiber (second numeral) Binder (third numeral) L0 = not specified L0 = not specified L0 = not specified L1 = Aramid L1 = Aramid L1 = NBR L2 = Glass L2 = Glass L2 = SBR L3 = Carbon L3 = Carbon L3 = CR L4 = Graphite L4 = Graphite L4 = EPDM L5 = Mineral/ Inorganic L5 = Mineral/ Inorganic L5=IR L6 = Cellulose L6 = Cellulose L6 = CSM L9 = as specified A L7 = none L9 = as specified A L9 = as specified A M1 through M9 Tensile strength characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 152 and 9.2. Results in MPa (psi) shall be no less than the value indicated by the numeral of the M-symbol. M1 = 0.689 (100) M5 = 10.342 (1500) M2 = 1.724 (250) M6 = 13.790 (2000) M3 = 3.447 (500) M7 = 20.684 (3000) M4 = 6.895 (1000) M8 = 27.579 (4000) M9 = as specified A R Binder Durability characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 148. There shall be no evidence of disintegration at conclusion of test. S9 Volume change characteristics, when immersed in ASTM No. 1 Oil, IRM 903 Oil, 5 and ASTM Reference Fuel A, shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 146. Results shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification. T Flexibility characteristics shall be determined in accordance with Test Method F 147. There shall be no evidence of cracks, breaks, or separation at conclusion of test. W Mildew Resistance shall be determined for visual effects only as described in Sections 9.3 and 9.3.1 of Practice G 21. The only fungus shall be Chaetomium globosum, see Section 6.4.1 of Practice G 21. The test unit from which specimens were taken shall be considered defective if one or more of the specimens tested has a rating higher than 0. Specimens taken from gaskets and strips shall be 2 in. long and the approximate width of the material undergoing testing. Z Other characteristics shall be as specified on engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification. A On engineering drawing or other supplement to this classification. F10403 4 0.02-mm (0.001-in.) or smaller units, and readings shall be estimated to the nearest 0.002 mm (0.0001 in.). The presser foot shall be 6.40 6 0.13 mm (0.252 6 0.005 in.) in diameter. The anvil shall have a diameter not less than that of the presser foot. The pressure on the sample shall be as specified in Table 4. 9.1.2 Take the reading by lowering the presser foot gently until it is in contact with the specimen. Take a sufficient number of readings, depending on the size of the specimen, to provide a reliable average value. 9.2 Other Types of Materials (as indicated by 0 or 9 first numeral of basic six-digit number)Use the same apparatus and general procedure outlined for Type 3 materials, unless otherwise specified in the engineering drawing or other supple- ment to this classification. 10. Keywords 10.1 classification; description; gasket; line call-out; non- metallic gasket; physical and mechanical properties; specifica- tion; testing APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. APPLICABLE TEST METHODS X1.1 Table X1.1 indicates properties, characteristics, and test methods that are normally considered applicable to each type of material. It is not intended to limit the use of numeral-symbols as provided in Classification System F 104 where experience indicates that the related properties, charac- teristics, or test methods, or all, are applicable. X1.2 Table X1.2 is being provided to offer an explanation of the system of identification of gasket materials previously used in Specifications D 1170 which has been superseded by Classification System F 104. X1.3 T