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1、 Period Ⅱ Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage 【 Learning goals】 1. Learning a new word: accompany 2.Learning new sentence patterns: 獨(dú)立主格 構(gòu)； It is + 部分 +that+剩余部分 . 3.Learning grammar: Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(II) 【 Language focus】 ac

2、company vt.陪伴，陪同；伴隨； ?? 伴奏 【教材原句】 She was accompanied by an experienced ski instructor and she learnt very quickly. (P25) 【例句研 】 翻 句子 （ 1） Great weather accompanied my great buy. _______________________________________________________ （ 2） Jane was willing to accompany you to the

3、 park to go out for a walk. _______________________________________________________ （ 3） If she sang, he would accompany her on the piano. _______________________________________________________ 【自主 】 翻 下列短 (1)accompany sb. to sp. ___________________ accompany sb. at/on ___

4、________________ be accompanied by ___________________ (2)company n． [U] ___________________ keep sb. company ___________________ 句型 -1. 【教材原句】 I have received letters from so many people ， all expressing their concern ． (P22) 【 法分析】 句中 all expressing their concern 是一個(gè)由 “ 主

5、＋ 在分 ”構(gòu)成的短 ， 叫作獨(dú)立 主格 構(gòu)，作 句的非限制性定 ，相當(dāng)于定 從句 all of whom expressed their concern ， 充 明 先行 people。 Everyone being ready ， the teacher began his class. 每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn) 好后，老 開(kāi)始上 。 (相當(dāng)于一個(gè) 狀 從句 When everyone was ready) The boy leading the way ，we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由于那個(gè)男孩

6、路， 我 毫不 力地找到了那個(gè)奇怪的洞。 (相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀 從句 Because the boy led the way) ①獨(dú)立主格 構(gòu)的構(gòu)成： 主 ＋不定式 / 在分 / 去分 /形容 /副 /介 短 。 ②獨(dú)立主格 構(gòu)的作用：多作狀 ，可表示 、原因、條件、伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀 從句 第 1 頁(yè) 或并列句；也可作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 ③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。 ④獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般由逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。 A house to be built( ＝ As a house w

7、ill be built) ， we must save every cent.由于要建一座房子，我們必須 節(jié)省每一分錢(qián)。 Time permitting( ＝ If time permits) ，we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果時(shí)間允許的話， 我們明天去 郊游。 【即時(shí)鞏固】 用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子 （ 1）由于眼鏡摔壞了，她看不見(jiàn)黑板上的字。 ________________________( ＝ Because her glasses were broken)， she couldnt see the word

8、s on the blackboard. （ 2）地面泥濘，我們應(yīng)該小心。 _______________________________( ＝As the ground is muddy) ， we should be careful. （ 3）下課后，我們都出去玩。 ______________________________( ＝After the class was over) ， we all went out to play. （ 4）她面帶微笑地問(wèn)可以為我們做什么。 She asked what she could do for us，

9、__________________________________________ ． 句型 -2. 【教材原句】 It was with great sadness that they learnt of the mans death.(P22) 【語(yǔ)法分析】 It was...that... 為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)了狀語(yǔ) with great sadness。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般句式為 It is/was ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分＋ that＋其他成分。 that 只起連接作用，不作成分，但不能省略，可以強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句等。 It was

10、 in the library that I saw her yesterday. 我昨天是在圖書(shū)館見(jiàn)到她的。 It was when I returned that she left the meeting room. 就在我回來(lái)的時(shí)候她離開(kāi)了會(huì)議室。 ①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式 Was/Is it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋ that＋其他？ ②特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋ was/is＋ that＋其他？ ③強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、運(yùn)用到了 not only...but also... ； either...or...； neither...nor...； as well as...； rath

11、er than...， not...but...等詞組時(shí)，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。 Was it what you said that moved him? 是你說(shuō)的話感動(dòng)了他嗎？ What is it that you want me to say? 你到底想要我說(shuō)什么？ It is I rather than you that am going to see the foreigner. 是我而不是你，打算去見(jiàn)那個(gè)外國(guó)人。 【提示】 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型有時(shí)易與主語(yǔ)從句 (帶 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的情況 )混淆，判斷的方法是：如果將句子 中的 “it is/was 和

12、“”that去”掉，句子依然通順，則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。 It was at 9 oclock that the train arrived. 火車(chē)是在 9 點(diǎn)鐘到達(dá)的。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)句 ) 第 2 頁(yè) It was 9 oclock when the train arrived. 火車(chē)到達(dá)時(shí)，時(shí)間為 9 點(diǎn)。 【即時(shí)鞏固】 翻譯句子 （ 1）直到午夜他才回家。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) )_______________________________________________ （ 2）湯姆是在公園里丟的那只手表。(強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

13、 )_____________________________________ （ 3）打破窗戶的是誰(shuí)？ (強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)句 )_________________________________________________ Grammar and usage: Overview: infinitive, verb-ing and verb-ed(II) 一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) 1．目的狀語(yǔ) He went home to see his parents.他回家看望他的父母親。 He came in quietly so as not to wake his

14、 wife. 他輕輕進(jìn)來(lái)，以免把他的妻子吵醒。 In order to arrive before dark ， we started early.為了在天黑前到達(dá)，我們很早就動(dòng)身了。 【提示】 (1) 表目的時(shí)，不定式可放在句首也可放在句末。但在句首時(shí)，不定式常與句子用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；而在句末時(shí)一般不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 (2) 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語(yǔ)，常使用in order to do 和 so as to do 結(jié)構(gòu)。 (3)to do ， in order to do 的位置既可在句首，又可在句末，而 so as to do 只能在句末。 2．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) They

15、went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他們走得太慢了，結(jié)果沒(méi)能趕上早班車(chē)。 The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 這里景色非常美，每年都要吸引很多人來(lái)。 I hurried to the railway station yesterday ， (only)to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙趕到火車(chē)站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。 【提示】 (1) 表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，不定

16、式的位置一般在句末。 (2) 常用句型 too...to do ；...enough to do；so...as to do；such...as to do；(only)to do( 常表示未曾料到的結(jié)果 ) 3．原因狀語(yǔ) I am glad to hear the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我很高興。 【提示】 不定式表示原因時(shí)，一般放在句末，常位于表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的形容詞之后，說(shuō)明主 語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生某種心情、情感的原因。 二、分詞作狀語(yǔ) 1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Hearing the good news ，he jumped with great joy. 聽(tīng)

17、到那個(gè)好消息，他高興得跳了起來(lái)。 Dont speak until asked to. 當(dāng)被要求發(fā)言時(shí)，你才能講話。 第 3 頁(yè) 【提示】 用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的分詞 (短語(yǔ) )可以用 when， while ，until 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句替換，有時(shí) 可和 when， while ， until 等連用。 2．原因狀語(yǔ) Not having finished her work in time ， she was fired by the boss. 由于沒(méi)有及時(shí)完成工作，她被老板解雇 了。 Written in a hurr

18、y ， this article was not so good. 因?yàn)閷?xiě)得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。 【提示】 用作原因狀語(yǔ)的分詞 (短語(yǔ) )可以用 as， since， because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句替換。 3．伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ) The girls came in ，following their parents. 那些女孩子跟在她們的父母后面進(jìn)來(lái)了。 The teacher entered the classroom， followed by a group of his students. 老師走進(jìn)教室，后面跟著一群他的學(xué)生。 【提示】 分詞 (短

19、語(yǔ) )作伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為并列分句。 4．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) The poor old man died ，leaving nothing to his children. 那個(gè)貧困的老人死了， 什么也沒(méi)給他的孩子們留 下。 【提示】 (1) 過(guò)去分詞不能作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 (2) 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞 (短語(yǔ) )可轉(zhuǎn)為 so that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句或者改為并列分句。 (3) 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示一種順其自然的意料之中的結(jié)果；而動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果。 5．讓步狀語(yǔ) Working very

20、 hard ， he didnt feel a bit tired. 盡管拼命地工作，他卻絲毫不感到疲勞。 Warned of the storm ，the farmers were still working in the fields. 盡管農(nóng)民們已被告知將有暴風(fēng)雨，他們 仍然在地里干活。 【提示】 用作讓步狀語(yǔ)的分詞 (短語(yǔ) )可以用 although， though，even if/though 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從 句替換，有時(shí)可以和這些連詞直接連用。 6．條件狀語(yǔ) Using your head ， youll have a good idea.

21、 動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你就會(huì)想出好辦法來(lái)。 Given more time ， we could do it much better. 多給我們點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。 【提示】 用作條件狀語(yǔ)的分詞 (短語(yǔ) )可以用 if ，unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句替換，有時(shí)可以和這 些連詞直接連用。 【圖解注記】 【 Feedback】 1. ______ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn ’ t want to eat there again. 第 4 頁(yè) A. Having eaten B.

22、 To eat C. Eat D. Eating 2. Pressed from his parents, and _____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 3. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _____ a life span of around 20

23、years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 4. We’ re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ____ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made 5. They might just have a place _____ on the writing course

24、— why don ’ t you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 6. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ____ of his own dreams. A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind 7. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already

25、____ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 8. I remembered _____ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 9. Seeing the road ____ with snow and cyclists falling down her

26、e and there, we decided to walk to the office. A. to block B. blocking C. blocked D. to be blocked 10. — Christine, are we leaving right away or But Jove?insist?— on us _____ in her house for the night. A. staying B. to stay C. stayed D. stay 11. Young people can accompli

27、sh what they want through such simple acts as keeping themselves ____ and approaching everything with total commitment. A. focusing B. focused C. having focused D. to focus 12. ____ the apartment, the firefighters shut off the gas, opened the windows and rescued the old couple. A.

28、 To break into B. To be broken into C. Having broken into D. Broken into 13. He caught a youth ____ a car and also won a Post Office award for fighting off two man trying ___ his van. A. to break into; breaking in B. to break into; to break in 第 5 頁(yè) B. breaking into; brea

29、king into D. breaking into to break into 14. — In many developed countries, the elderly have already outnumbered children. — Yes, and China is reported _____ through a similar process of population aging, and at faster pace. A. to go B. to be going C. going D. to have gone 15. As worke

30、rs and as citizens, we need to be able to think beyond our own self-interest and ___what is right under the circumstances( 環(huán)境 ). A. doing B. to do C. have done D. done 16. The performance had been intended to please the audience and draw their attention, only ____ with a cold silence, h

31、owever. A. to greet B. greeting C. to be greeted D. being greeting 17. The decision ____ Internet addiction (網(wǎng)癮 ) as a mental disorder has caused much debate among people. A. being defined B. to define C. defined D. to be defined 18. All of us have read thrilling stories in which th

32、e heroes have only a limited time to live. Such stories set us ____, ______ what we should do under similar circumstances. A. thinking; wondering B. to think; wondering C. thinking to wonder D. to think; to wonder 19. Carbon dioxide is said ____ the earth twice as

33、quickly as previously feared. A. to be heated B. to be heating C. to have heated D. to have been heated 20. — Have you finished your task now? — Not yet. So much time has been wasted ___ its details ( 細(xì)節(jié) ) aimlessly this morning. A. being assessed B. to assess C. assessed D. asse

34、ssing 21. Under the environment of fierce competition, the only way John could imagine ____ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts. A. handling B. to handle C. handled D. having handled 22. The big fire in Shanghai, believed to ____ due to the burning of construction mat

35、erials, caused 58 deaths and destroyed all the belongings of the people there. A. have been occurring B. occur C. have occurred D. be occurring 23. With a _______ candle in his hand, he slipped into the room. A. light B. lighted C. lighting D. lit 第 6 頁(yè) 24. Although a sn

36、owstorm is in store, people are still looking forward ______ the plan to go sightseeing in Lhasa. A. to canceling( 取消 ) B. not to canceling C. not to cancel D. to not canceling 25. Mary rushed home __she heard the news, only__ that her hubby passed away. A. as soon as; finding B. directly

37、; to find C. moment; to find D. when; found 26. He was puzzled by this phenomenon. He began to try every approach _____the best way of working it out. A. known to find B. known to finding C. knowing to find D. knowing to be found 27. The folks were delighted at the messages of their relat

38、ives ______ that mine explosion. A. survived B. having survived C. to survive D. surviving 28. It is nice to see millions who had nothing but a record of misery and hungry _____ to improve their life an living conditions. A. having the chances B. have the chance C. to have the chance

39、 D. had the chance 29. “ ______to Michelle and having two beautiful girls in my house, never allows me to look down upon women,” said Obama. A. Marrying B. Having married C. Married D. Being married 30. After _____ out by a producer to shoot Tokyo Juliet, Chun Wu joined the

40、idol group — Fahrenheit（飛輪 海） . A. sought B. seeking C. having been sought D. being sought 31. ______scores of times, but Derek still couldn ’understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A. Having explained B. Having been explained C. Though it was expla

41、ined D. It was explained 32. The manager will give the job to _______ having capability and responsibility for it. A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who D. anyone 33. ______ along with host families, I believe, language travel students are likely to get enough language practice.

42、 A. Stay B. Having stayed C. Staying D. To stay 34. _____ from Milan Trenc ’ s novel, the film Night At The Museum brings to life a world where dinosaurs wander the earth. 第 7 頁(yè) A. Adapted B. Adapting C. Having adapted D. To be adapted 35. The international agreement, __

43、__ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27. A. intending to B. being intended to C. intended to D. to intend to 第 8 頁(yè)