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編號(hào)
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： LED導(dǎo)光柱注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造專(zhuān)業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923259
學(xué)生姓名： 謝兵兵
指導(dǎo)教師： 范圣耀 （職稱(chēng)：副教授 ）
（職稱(chēng)： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開(kāi)題報(bào)告
題目： LED導(dǎo)光柱注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造 專(zhuān)業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923259
學(xué)生姓名： 謝兵兵
指導(dǎo)教師： 范圣耀 （職稱(chēng)：副教授）
（職稱(chēng)： ）
2012年11月25日
課題來(lái)源
經(jīng)學(xué)校老師的介紹，我在無(wú)錫某模具廠實(shí)習(xí)，該廠大批量生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)光柱，經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月時(shí)間的親身實(shí)踐，我對(duì)導(dǎo)光柱的尺寸以及加工的流程都有了一定程度的了解，因此選擇自己熟悉的產(chǎn)品作為畢業(yè)論文的課題是一個(gè)明智的選擇。
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
塑料模具在現(xiàn)代生活中的地位越來(lái)越高，因此對(duì)塑料模具質(zhì)量的要求也越來(lái)越高，這就要求塑料模具的開(kāi)發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)與制造的水平也必須越來(lái)越高。
各種塑料模具越來(lái)越趨于微型化、精密化，其零件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中的槽逢孔尺寸要求在0.3mm以下，尺寸精度要求越來(lái)越高。如BP機(jī)中零件尺寸極其微小，對(duì)模具的要求更高。這類(lèi)微型沖件和塑件用的模具，已成為高技術(shù)模具或?qū)＠湍＞摺ｋS著現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，塑料模具的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛，其適應(yīng)性也越來(lái)越強(qiáng)。已成為工業(yè)國(guó)家制造工藝水平的標(biāo)志和獨(dú)立的基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)體系。
（2）國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
當(dāng)前來(lái)看，國(guó)內(nèi)塑料模具市場(chǎng)以注塑模具需求量最大，其中發(fā)展重點(diǎn)為工程塑料模具。近來(lái)我國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，前景光明。以上海為主的長(zhǎng)三角洲地區(qū)是中國(guó)塑料模具工業(yè)最為發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū)。目前相當(dāng)多的發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家塑料模具企業(yè)移師中國(guó)，是國(guó)內(nèi)塑料模具工業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的重要原因之一。中國(guó)技術(shù)人才水平普遍提高以及平均勞動(dòng)力成本低都是吸引外資的優(yōu)勢(shì)，這些都是塑料模具市場(chǎng)迅速成長(zhǎng)的重要因素所在，所以中國(guó)塑模市場(chǎng)的前景一片光明。
近幾年來(lái)，雖然我國(guó)塑料模具無(wú)論是在數(shù)量上，還是在質(zhì)量、技術(shù)和能力等方面都有了很大發(fā)展，但總體上還是與工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家相比仍有較大的差距。例如，許多先進(jìn)的技術(shù)如CAD／CAE／CAM技術(shù)的普及率還不高。另外，我國(guó)塑料模具行業(yè)與其發(fā)展需要和國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平相比，還存在很多方面的問(wèn)題?，F(xiàn)在應(yīng)用模具CAD／CAM技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)模具已較為普遍，隨著通用機(jī)械CAD/CAM技術(shù)的發(fā)展，塑料注射模CAD/CAM已經(jīng)不斷的深化。現(xiàn)代模具是多學(xué)科知識(shí)集聚的高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的一部分，是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的裝備產(chǎn)業(yè)，其技術(shù)、資金與勞動(dòng)相對(duì)密集。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
① 分析零件工藝用途及結(jié)構(gòu)；
② 掌握注塑模具的原理；
③ 了解注塑模具的各種結(jié)構(gòu)以及各自的特點(diǎn)；
④ 掌握注塑模具上各個(gè)部分的作用；
⑤ 對(duì)于注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)，能夠掌握模具中各個(gè)部分的設(shè)計(jì)原則以及合理分析各因素對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的影響。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
在畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)調(diào)研以及查閱有關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合零件的外形及加工要求，可以先分析本課題的裝配圖以及各部分零件圖，然后通過(guò)工藝性分析，分別進(jìn)行成型部分的設(shè)計(jì)、澆注系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、推出機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、排氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)等等，最后設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)的制件還要通過(guò)相應(yīng)的檢驗(yàn)。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告書(shū)。
2012年12月3日-2013年3月1日 ：填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年3月4日-2013年3月14日 ：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：注塑模具正文設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：繪制裝配圖和零件圖。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月20日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫(xiě)和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
通過(guò)不同方案的比較，以及考慮不同因素的影響，最后確定合理的LED導(dǎo)光柱注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)方案，該方案能夠最大程度地滿足使用要求。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
（1）適用于本廠的某生產(chǎn)線的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)；
（2）在不影響加工精度的前提下最大限度的減少成本，并降低工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度和生產(chǎn)成本；
（3）本課題的在滿足使用要求的同時(shí)，充分考慮產(chǎn)品的外形美觀。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題
（1）設(shè)計(jì)思路已經(jīng)非常明確，對(duì)注塑模具的設(shè)計(jì)流程有充分的認(rèn)識(shí)；
（2）通過(guò)四年的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，我已經(jīng)積累了一定的相關(guān)方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)；
（3）學(xué)院圖書(shū)館收藏了許多有關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)方面的知識(shí)書(shū)籍和期刊等；
（4）雖然在老師的指導(dǎo)下設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的方案，但是依然會(huì)有某些因素沒(méi)有充分考慮，另外產(chǎn)品能否符合人們的要求也依然未知。
指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見(jiàn)
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見(jiàn)
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
China's plastic mold industry and its development trend
First: china's plastic mold industry
China's industrial plastic moulds from the start to now, after more than half a century, there has been great development, mold levels have been greatly enhanced. Mould has been at large can produce 48-inch big-screen color TV Molded Case injection mold, 6.5 kg capacity washing machine full of plastic molds, as well as the overall car bumpers and dashboards, and other plastic mould precision plastic molds, the camera is capable of producing plastic mould , multi-cavity mold small modulus gear and molding mold. --Such as Tianjin and Yantai days Electrical Co., Ltd Polaris IK Co. manufactured multi-cavity mold VCD and DVD gear, the gear production of such size precision plastic parts, coaxial, beating requirements have reached a similar foreign the level of product, but also the application of the latest gear design software to correct contraction as a result of the molding profile error to the standard involute requirements. Production can only 0.08 mm thickness of a two-cavity mold and the air Cup difficulty of plastic doors and windows out of high modulus, and so on. Model cavity injection molding manufacturing accuracy of 0.02 to 0.05 mm, surface roughness Ra0.2 μ m, mold quality, and significantly increase life expectancy, non-hardening steel mould life up to 10 ~ 30 million, hardening steel form up to 50 ~ 10 million times, shorten the delivery time than before, but still higher than abroad.
The present condition of the plastic mould level at home and abroad:
The whole, China plastic mould whether in quantity, or in quality, technology and ability has made a great progress, but with the needs of the development of the national economy, the world advanced level, compared to a gap still. Some large, sophisticated, complex, the long life of high-grade plastic mould still need to import a lot of every year. In the total amount of demand exceeding supply at the same time, some cheap plastic mold but supply exceeds demand, market competition is intense, and some technical content is too high middle-grade plastic mould also has the trend of supply exceeds demand
Joining the WTO, plastic mold and die industry to bring huge challenge, at the same time bring more opportunities. Because of China's cheap plastic mold to products, product price obvious advantages, some even only 1/5 of the price the foreign product one third to, to join the WTO, foreign similar products to domestic little impact, and cheap Chinese exports of mould is increase; In the high precision mould, before joining the WTO was mainly rely on imports, join WTO, not only for the exquisite products import has brought more convenient, but also lead to more foreign investment to China factory, bring foreign advanced mould technology and management experience, to cultivate Chinese professional mould talents to the role.
In recent years, Chinese plastic mould manufacturing conditions have improved greatly. Large plastic mould has produced single set of weight can up to 50 tons of injection mold, precision plastic mould has reached the accuracy of 2 μ m, precision parts high small module gear mould and reach the requirements of the highlights learn lamp mould etc has also can produce, plastic mold cavity has been able to produce a mode of plastic mold cavity 7800, high-speed mold production speed can have up to 6 m/min above the high-speed plastic different profile extrusion die and the dual chamber co-extrusion profiles, double-color coextrusion, soft hard co-extrusion, were crowded, again of extrusion and low foaming raw steel-plastic co-extrusion, etc. Various kinds of mold. In the production means, mould enterprise equipment to numerical control rate has increased greatly, CAD/CAE/CAM technology has greatly expanded the applications, high speed processing and RP/RT adoption of advanced technologies such as has been more and more, standard mould using coverage and die commercialization rate is greatly improved, the share of mould of hot flow path are improved greatly. In addition, foreign invested enterprise vigorous development of further promoted the plastic mould design and manufacture level and improve the management level of enterprises, some enterprise already informatization management and digital no PIC manufacturing.
As mould design and processing enterprises to raise the level of, mould manufacturing is from the past relies mainly on the transformation of the skills of fitter mainly rely on technology. This is not only the means of production change, and change the way of production and the rise of the concept. This is a trend that the standardization of mould continuous improvement, the precision of more and more high, production cycle is more and more short, fitter proportion more and more low, and finally promote the overall level of the die and mould industry is rising. China mold and die industry at present more than 10 national high and new technology enterprise, about 200 ﹑ high technology and new technology enterprise. And adapt to the trend, the main production mold backbone strength from skill talented person gradually into technology talents is an inevitable requirement. Of course, now and for quite a long time, and highly talented person still very important, because after all, hard to get rid of mould to skill depend on.
Existing main problems
China plastic mould industry and foreign standards, mainly exist in the following questions.
(1) the unbalanced development, product overall level is low. Although the individual enterprise products has reached or come close to the advanced international level, but overall, the accuracy, the roughness of the cavity surface, production cycle, life index and international advanced level there is a big gap between compared. Including production mode and the overall level of enterprise management, with foreign industrial developed countries there are compared for more than 10 years the gap.
(2) process equipment backward, organization and coordination ability is poor. Though some of the technological transformation of the enterprise after in recent years, has been more advanced technology and equipment level, some of the foreign invested enterprise level of equipment is not behind abroad, but most of the enterprise process equipment is still lag behind. More importantly, the enterprise organization coordinated ability is poor, difficult to integrate or transfer of social resources use, thus it will be difficult to undertake larger projects.
(3) most enterprise development ability is weak, the innovation ability is not enough. On the one hand, low level of technical personnel proportion is not quite high, on the other hand is the scientific development less input; More important concepts backward, insufficient attention to innovation and development. Mould enterprise not only to pay attention to the development of the mould, also want to pay attention to the innovation of the product.
(4) short-term relief to the contradiction between supply and demand. In recent years, domestic plastics mould domestic market meet rate has been less than 74%, including a large, precision, long life mold meet more rate low, less than 60% estimate. Meanwhile, industrial developed countries are accelerating the mould transferring to China, international purchasing more and more, the international market has a good prospect. The market demand, production is difficult to keep up with development at that time, in short supply situation will continue for a period of time.
There are many reasons which creates the above disparity ,the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .
(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficiently
Although the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .
(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine
Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .
(3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low
recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .
(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability
Because receives "large and complete" "small and entire" the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .
(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls
The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .
Process, the multi-material plastic molding die, efficient multicolor injection mould, inserts exchange structure and core pulling Stripping the innovative design has also made great progress. Gas-assisted injection molding, the use of more mature technologies, such as Qingdao Hisense Co., Ltd., Tianjin factory communications and broadcasting companies, such as mold manufacturers succeeded in 29 ~ 34-inch TV thick-walled shell, as well as some parts on the use of gas-assisted mould technology Some manufacturers also use the C-MOLD gas-assisted software and achieved better results. Prescott, such as Shanghai, such as the new company will provide users with gas-assisted molding equipment and technology. Began promoting hot runner mold, and some plants use rate of more than 20 percent, the general heat-thermal hot runner, or device, a small number of units with the world's advanced level of rigorous hot runner-needle device, a small number of units with World advanced level of rigorous needle-hot runner mould. However, the use of hot runner overall rate of less than 10%, with overseas compared to 50 ~ 80%, the gap larger.
In the manufacturing technology, CAD / CAM / CAE technology on the level of application of a new level to the enterprise for the production of household appliances representatives have introduced a considerable number of CAD / CAM systems, such as the United States EDS UG Ⅱ, the United States Parametric Technology Pro / Engineer, the United States CV CADS5 company, the British company DOCT5 Deltacam, HZS's CRADE Japan, the company's Cimatron Israel, the United States AC-C-Tech Mold Company and Australia's MPA Mold flow Mold analysis software, and so on. These systems and the introduction of the software, although a lot of money spent, but in our country die industry, and achieving a CAD / CAM integration, and to support CAE technology to forming processes such as molding and cooling, such as computer simulation, and achieved certain The technical and economic benefits, promote and facilitate China's CAD / CAM technology. In recent years, China's own development of the plastic mould CAD / CAM system has achieved significant development, the main guarantor Software Engineering Institute, is the development of CAXA, Huazhong University of Science HSC5.0 development of the system and injection mold CAE software, and so on, these Die of domestic software with the specific circumstances in the application of computer and lower prices, and other characteristics, in order to further universal CAD / CAM technology has created good conditions.
In recent years, China has been more extensive use of some new plastic mold steel, such as: P20, 3Cr2Mo, PMS, SM Ⅰ, SM Ⅱ, and the quality of life of mold has a direct significant impact on the overall use of the still less . Plastic Moulds standard model planes, such as standard putter and spring has given more applications, and there have been some of the commercialization of domestic hot runner system components. However, at present China Die level of standardization and commercialization in the general level of below 30 percent and foreign advanced industrial countries has reached 70 percent compared to 80 percent, still a large gap. Table 1, at home and abroad plastic mould technology comparison table? Domestic projects abroad cavity injection model mm0.02 accuracy of 0.005 ~ 0.01 ~ 0.05mm cavity surface roughness Ra0.01 ~ 0.05 μ mRa0.20 μ m non-hardened steel die life 10 to 60 million 10 ~ 30 million hardened steel die life 160 ~ 300 million of 50 ~ 100 million hot runner mould overall utilization rate of more than 80 per cent less than 10 per cent level of standardization of 70 ~ 80% less than 30% of medium-sized plastic mould production cycle about a month 2 ~ 4 months in the mold industry in the amount of 30 to 40% 25 to 30% According to the parties concerned forecast, the market's overall vigorous mold is a smooth upward, in the next Die market, the development of plastic mould faster than the other Die, die in the proportion of industry will gradually improve. With the continuous development of the plastics industry, put on the plastic mold growing demands is a normal, and so sophisticated, large-scale, complex, long-life plastic mould development will be higher than the overall pace of development. At the same time, imports in recent years because of the mold, precision, large, complex, long-life die in the majority, therefore, reduce imports, increase Guochanhualu: perspective, in the mold of such high-end market share will gradually increase. The rapid development of the construction industry so that the various Profile Extrusion Die, PVC plastic pipe fittings Die Die market become a new economic growth point, the rapid development of highways, car tires also put a higher demand, radial tire Die, Die particularly active pace of development will also be higher than the overall average level of the plastic and wood, plastic and metal to make plastic molds in the automotive, motorcycle industry in the demand for huge household appliances industry in the "10th Five-Year Plan" period have greater development, especially refrigerators, air-conditioners and microwave ovens, and other parts of the great demand for plastic moulds, and electronics and communications products, in addition to audio-video products, such as color televisions, laptop computers and set-top boxes will be given a wider network development, which are Plastic Mold market is the growth point.
Second:the direction