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1、虛擬語氣 The Subjunctive Mood 英語動(dòng)詞有三種語氣 ： 陳述語氣 祈使語氣 虛擬語氣 一、 陳述語氣 用來陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)看法。有肯定，否定， 疑問或感嘆等形式。 1. There are two sides to every question. 每個(gè)問題都有兩個(gè)方面 . 2. They didnt watch fireworks yesterday evening. 昨晚他們沒有看焰火 . 3. What can I do for you ?我能為你做什么 ? 4. How disappointed Tom was !湯姆很失望 . 5. What lovely

2、flowers those are! 那些花兒真漂亮 . 二、祈使語氣 用來表示說話人的請(qǐng)求，命令或勸告等。動(dòng)詞要用原 形，其否定式在動(dòng)詞前加 do not. 1. Let me have a try. 我來試一試 . 2. Dont be late again. 別再遲到了 . 3. Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English. 別用漢語說 ,用英語 . 4. Lets go and play basketball. 我們?nèi)ゴ蚧@球 . 1. I hope our life will be better. 希望我們的生活會(huì)更好。 2. I wish I

3、were younger. 要是我年輕一點(diǎn)就好了。 3. If he was out that day, then he couldnt answer the phone. 如果那天他在外面，他就無法接電話 . 4. If he had been out that day, he couldnt have answered the phone. 如果那天他在外面的話，他就無法接到 電話了 . 有可能 (陳述語氣 ) 不可能 (虛擬語氣 ) 推測(cè) (陳述語氣 ) 與事實(shí)相反 (虛擬語氣 ) 三 虛擬語氣 與事實(shí)相反 ,或不可能發(fā)生 ,或發(fā)生的可能性 非常小 表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)， 而是一種

4、與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，愿 望，猜測(cè)或建議等等。 四、虛擬語氣的種類 1. 條件類虛擬 If I were a millionaire, I would still work hard. 如果我是百萬富翁，我還是要努力工作。 2. wish類虛擬 I wish I had not wasted the time. 要是我沒有浪費(fèi)時(shí)間就好了。 3. Should類虛擬 I suggest you phone before you go there. 我建議你去那兒之前先打個(gè)電話。 五 (1)條件類虛擬 時(shí)間 從句謂語 主句謂語 現(xiàn)在 If I were If I did I would be I wo

5、uld do 將來 If I were/did If I should be/do If I were to do I would be I would do 過去 If I had been If I had done I would have been I would have done 1. If we had time now, we would read it again. 2. If she knew about it, she would come. 3. If he were here, everything would be all right. 4. If it were

6、Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friends there. 5. If she should come, I would ask her for help. 6. If you were to fail to catch the train, you might take the bus. 7. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 8. If I had had the money last year, I would have bought a car.

7、9. If they had known her address, they would have written to her. 1. If I _ you, I wouldnt return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were 2. If I _more time, I would have gone with you. A. had B. had had C. Have had D. would have 3. If I had known that, I _ so. A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. won

8、t do D. have not done 4. If it_ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. rained C. would rain D. rain 5. If it should rain, I _go there tomorrow. A. will B. would not C. wont D. would not have Practice D B B B B 不用 if條件從句，而用介詞或副詞 without (沒有 ), but for(要不是 ), otherwise(否則 ) 這些詞可以表示某種假設(shè)情況 ,從而省略條件句 . 1

9、. I was busy last week. Otherwise I would have come to see you. =If I had not been busy, I would have come 2. Without / but for you, I would not be what I am today. =If it hadnt been for you, I would not be . 五 (2) 條件類虛擬的簡(jiǎn)略式 1. Without electricity, human life_ quite different today. A. is B. will be

10、 C. would have been D. would be 2. But for the Party, he _of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must die D. must have died 3. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. have attended C. Would attend D. would have attended If there were no electricity

11、, If it hadnt been for the Party, D A Practice If I hadnt been busy, I D 這類虛擬表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，或和事實(shí)相反的情 況 六、 wish類虛擬 I wish I were / did / had done If only I were / did / had done I would rather I were / did / had done He looked as if he were / did / had done It is time we did I wished I were younger. I wi

12、sh I hadnt told him about it. I wish that I could afford a new car. If only he had talked to her sooner! I would rather you didnt go out alone. It looks as if it were broken It is time we started to work. 1. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be

13、 2. How I wish I _to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try 3. If only I _ able to lighten the burden of my family, but I am still a student . A. were B. have been C. am D. would be 4. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A.

14、 were B. would be C. have been D. had been 5. I wish _ me alone. A. he has left B. he leaves C. He will leave D. he would leave 6. Id rather you _ tomorrow. A. came B. come C. will come D. had come C B A D D A 表示建議 .要求 .命令類的名詞性從句 通常用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”。 should可以省略 一堅(jiān)持 : insist 二命令 : order, command 三建議 :

15、advice, suggest, recommend 四要求 : demand, require, request, desire 形容詞： necessary, important, essential, strange 七、 should類虛擬 Examples 1. He suggested that we should visit the palace right away. 2. She recommended that the meeting be put off. 3. He ordered that they should start off immediately. 4. I

16、 demanded that he should answer me at once. 5. It is necessary that the problem should be discussed at once. 6. It was surprising that he should say so. It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry C 八、虛擬句的倒裝形式 條件從句中有 were ,had ,shoul

17、d時(shí) ,可不要 if,而用倒裝 (注 意 :had必須是完成式的助動(dòng)詞 ) 1. If I should meet her, I would tell her. 2. If I were in your position, I would do it better. 3. If it were to rain tomorrow, I would put off the journey. 4. If he had seen you, he would talked to you. Should I meet her, I would tell her. Were I in your position, I would do it better. Were it to rain tomorrow, I would put off the journey. Had he seen you, he would talked to you.