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1、綿陽專版 PART TWO第二篇 語法突破篇語法專題（七）形容詞和副詞 【中考考點】(1)形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則、基本句型及用法。(2)形容詞作表語和定語的用法。(3)副詞作狀語的用法。 考點一形容詞1.形容詞的功能(1)形容詞作定語。單個形容詞作定語時,放在被修飾的名詞前。She is a good girl.她是一個好女孩。形容詞作不定代詞的定語時,要放在不定代詞的后面。There is nothing important.沒有什么重要的事情。enough作形容詞時,放在被修飾的名詞的前、后均可。We have enough money/money enough to

2、 buy every book here. 我們有足夠的錢可以買這里的每一本書。 “基數(shù)詞-可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)-形容詞”為復(fù)合形容詞,放在被修飾的名詞前面。Tom is an eight-year-old boy.湯姆是一個八歲的男孩。 (2)形容詞作表語。此時與連系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。The meal is delicious.這頓飯很美味。(3)形容詞作賓語補足語。用來說明賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。I found the book interesting. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書有趣。2.多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序限定詞(冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞)描繪詞(大小、長短、形狀、長幼、新舊、顏色、國籍、

3、材料)名詞a famous American medical college一所著名的美國醫(yī)學(xué)院 3.形容詞的常用句式(1)“Its+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人做某事”。注意 這一句型中需要用描述行為者的性格、品質(zhì)等的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等。(2)“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說”。注意 這一句型中需要用描述某事性質(zhì)的形容詞,如important, necessary, difficult, ea

4、sy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等。 考點二副詞1.副詞的一般用法(1)用作狀語。He speaks English very . 他英語說得非常好。 (2)用作表語。主要限于少數(shù)地點或方位副詞、時間副詞以及其他副詞。Ill be back in five minutes. 我五分鐘后就回來。(3)用作定語。通常情況下, 副詞用作定語時總是放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。The people there are very friendly. 那兒的人很友好。well2.副詞的位置(1)副詞通常放

5、在被修飾的動詞后面。 (2)句中有多個助動詞時, 副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后面。 1.規(guī)則變化(1)一般在詞尾直接加-er或-est。如:talltallertallest, long_(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞,在詞尾直接加-r或-st。如:nicenicernicest, large_(3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i,再加-er或-est。如:heavyheavierheaviest, busybusierbusiest,funny_考點三形容詞和副詞的比較等級longer longestlarger largestfunnier funniest (4)重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾只

6、有一個輔音字母時,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加-er或-est。如:bigbiggerbiggest, hothotterhottest,thin, fatfatterfattest(5)部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞分別在原級前加more構(gòu)成比較級,加most構(gòu)成最高級。如:slowly , beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulthinner thinnestmore slowly most slowly 2.不規(guī)則變化good/wellbetterbest,many/muchmoremost,ill/bad/badlyworseworst,little, farf

7、arther/furtherfarthest/furthestless least 1.原級的用法(1)只能修飾原級的詞有very, quite, so, too等。The old man is walk on. 那位老人太累了,不能再繼續(xù)走了。(2)原級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)“as+形容詞/副詞原級+as”表示“和程度相同”。Lucy is as old as Kate. 露西和凱特的年齡一樣大。Tom runs Mike. 湯姆和邁克跑得一樣快?？键c四形容詞和副詞比較等級的用法 “not+as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as” 表示“不如那樣”。This classroom is that one.

8、 這間教室不如那間大。He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那樣慢。not as/so big asas fast astoo tired to 2.比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“A+be/v.+比較級+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語)”表示“A比同一范圍內(nèi)的任何一個人/物都”,含義是“A最”。Xiaoming is taller than in his class. =Xiaoming is taller than (any of) the other boys in his class. 小明比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。(2)“A+b

9、e/v.+the+比較級+of the two”表示“A是兩者中較的”。 Look at the two boys. Xiaoming is the two. 看那兩個男孩,小明是兩個當中較高的那個。the taller ofany other boy 3.最高級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“主語+ be/ v.+the+最高級(+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)+in/of短語”表示“是中最的”。 Tom is the tallest (student) in his class.湯姆是他班上最高的(學(xué)生)。I jump in my class. 我是我班上跳得最遠的。(2)“主語+ be/ v.+one of th

10、e+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最之一”。 Beijing is in China. 北京是中國最大的城市之一。(3)“特殊疑問詞+ be/ v.+the+最高級, A, B, or C?”用于三者的比較。Which season do you like , spring, summer or autumn? 你最喜歡哪一個季節(jié), 春天、夏天還是秋天?(4)“主語+ be/ v.+the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中第幾”。Tom is boy in his class. 湯姆是他班上第二高的男生。(the) farthestone of

11、the biggest citiesbest/(the) most the second tallest (3)“比較級+and+比較級” 表示“越來越”。He is getting . 他越來越高了。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作業(yè)越來越認真了。(4)“the+比較級, the+比較級”表示“越, 越”。 you work, your grades will be. 你越努力學(xué)習(xí), 你的成績就會越好。(5)“特殊疑問詞+ be/ v.+比較級, A or B?”Which is bigger, the blue ball or

12、 the red one?哪一個球更大, 藍球還是紅球?The harder the bettertaller and taller 注意 比較級前常用much, even, a little, a bit, a lot, far等詞修飾。 3.最高級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“主語+be/v.+the+最高級(+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)+in/of短語”表示“是中最的”。 Tom is the tallest (student) in his class.湯姆是他班上最高的(學(xué)生)。I jump in my class. 我是我們班跳得最遠的。(2)“主語+be/v.+one of the+最高級+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)

13、名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中最之一”。 Beijing is in China. 北京是中國最大的城市之一。(3)“特殊疑問詞+be/v.+the+最高級,A,B or C?”用于三者的比較。Which season do you like , spring, summer or autumn?你最喜歡哪一個季節(jié),春天、夏天還是秋天? (4)“主語+be/v.+the+序數(shù)詞+最高級+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+in/of短語”表示“是中的第幾”。Tom is boy in his class. 湯姆是他班上第二高的男生。(the) farthestone of the biggest citiesbe

14、st/(the) most the second tallest 考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Seeing a bird resting by the window, the boy moved (quiet) to have a look at it. 2.The river is twice as (long) as that one. 3.I lost my ticket, but (luck), the travel agent gave me another one. 4.Is it much cheaper and far (enjoyable) to trave

15、l by train than by plane? Yes, I think so.5.We can collect rainwater when it rains (heavy), and use it to water plants. 6.Have you seen the movie Baby Plan?Of course.I think its (funny) movie I have ever seen. 7.If more people give up driving cars, the air will get much (clean) in a few days. quietl

16、ylongluckily more enjoyableheavilythe funniest cleaner 考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練8.What do you think of the environment in your hometown?Its not so (good) as before.Both the air and the water are badly polluted. 9.Ive read through this book several times, but I will read it (careful) so as to get a better understanding

17、. 10.Eating (health) food is good for you. 11.As soon as I heard the news that I passed the driving test, I felt (relax) at once. 12.The (hard) we work at English, the greater progress we will make. 13.It is (good) to listen than to speak. 14.China is one of (old) countries in the world. Yes.It has a much longer history than the USA.15.The effect of this kind of medicine needs (far) study before it can be widely used. good more carefullyhealthy relaxedharderbetter the oldest further