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1、綿陽專版 PART TWO第二篇 語法突破篇語法專題（十四）賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句 【中考考點】(1)賓語從句的時態(tài)、語序及引導(dǎo)詞。(2)賓語從句的簡化形式。(3)狀語從句中連詞的選擇和時態(tài)。(4)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法。(5)關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法。 1.在that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中, 若是陳述句作賓語, that可以省略。The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音機報道說明天要下雨。2.連接代詞which, what, who等或連接副詞how, where, why, when等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句作賓語從句時, 從句改用陳述語序。C

2、ould you tell me to you? 你能告訴我他跟你說了些什么嗎? 賓語從句考點一引導(dǎo)詞 what he said 3.whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句或選擇疑問句作賓語從句時,從句改用陳述語序。I wonder you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李雷這個消息了?！咀⒁狻?下列幾種情況通常只用whether不用if:(1)具有選擇意義且又有or或or not,尤其是直接與or not連用時,往往用whether;(2)介詞之后用whether;(3)不定式前用whether。if/whether 考點二時態(tài)1.當(dāng)主

3、句為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時, 賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。I remember he me a book yesterday. 我記得他昨天給了我一本書。He has told me that he for New York tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我明天他就動身去紐約了。2.當(dāng)主句為過去時態(tài)時, 從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。We asked what Jean was doing then.我們問瓊那時正在做什么。3.當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時, 賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。Lisa asked whether light faster than sound. 莉薩問光的傳播速度是否比聲音

4、快。 gave will leavetravels/goes 考點三語序1.陳述句改為賓語從句時, 語序不變。He is a good child. the teacher said.The teacher said (that) he was a good child.老師說他是個好孩子。2.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句改為賓語從句時, 語序改為陳述語序。Does he work hard?I wonder.I wonder if/whether .我想知道他工作是否努力。 When did he leave?I dont know.I dont know when he left.我不知道他是什

5、么時候離開的。 he works hard 【注意】 賓語從句的簡化當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動詞是know, remember, forget, learn等時,從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。I dont know what I should say.I dont know what. 我不知道要說什么。 to say 狀語從句1.時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, notuntil, as soon as等。When he comes back, Ill give you a

6、call.他回來時,我會給你打電話的。They didnt stop until they finished the work.他們直到完成工作才停下來。Ill ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.我一到北京就給你打電話。2.原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有because, since, as等。I didnt go, because I was afraid.我沒去,因為我害怕。 Since you are free today, youd better take a good rest. 既然你今天有空,你最好好好休息?？键c一狀語從句的分類 3.條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有

7、if, unless, as long as等。If it rains, Ill go by car. 如果下雨,我就乘小汽車去。You cannot succeed unless you work hard.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí),你是不會成功的。4.結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有sothat, suchthat等。It was raining so hard that we couldnt see the road.雨下得如此大,以至于我們看不見路。5.讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有though, even though/if, although, “no matter+疑問詞”等。Even though/if y

8、ou say so, I do not believe it.即使你這么說,我也不信。 6.目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有so that, in order that等。I need to get up early so that I can catch the early bus. 我需要早起,以便我能趕上早班車。7.方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有as if/though, as等。The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那個孩子跟我們談起話來像個成年人似的。8.地點狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有where, wherever等。Wherever he goes, he

9、 always brings his pet dog.無論他去哪里,他總是帶著他的寵物狗。9.比較狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有than, asas, not as/soas等。 Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡羅爾英語說得和你一樣好。 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句和從句之間的時態(tài)一致問題一般分為下列三種情況:1.主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn): 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動詞時,那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。Be careful when you cross the road. 過馬路時要小心。The traffic must stop when the lights

10、. 當(dāng)紅燈亮?xí)r,車輛必須停下來。2.主將從現(xiàn): 主句用一般將來時,而從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。I will visit my good friend when I time. 當(dāng)我有空時,我將去看望我的好友。If she here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她來這里,我將和她一起去公園。3.過去時態(tài): 若主從句都是在敘述過去的事情,則主從句可以用一般過去時或過去進行時。My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家時,我媽媽正在做飯?？键c二主句與從句時態(tài)一致的問題tu

11、rn/are redhavecomes I dont know if(是否) he will come.If(如果) he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否會來。如果他來的話,我將告訴他這起事故。I dont know when(什么時候) he will come tomorrow. When(當(dāng)?shù)臅r候) he comes, I will tell him about the news.我不知道他明天什么時候來。當(dāng)他來時,我將告訴他這則消息?？键c三賓語從句和狀語從句同時出現(xiàn) 定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who(whose

12、, whom), which, that?？键c一關(guān)系代詞的基本用法作主語 作賓語 作定語指人 who/that who/whom/that whose指物 which/that which/that whose 考點二關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who, whom和which。1.下列情況只能用that(1)先行詞為不定代詞all, few, little, much, every-thing, nothing 等時。All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.你要做的就是每天練習(xí)。There isn

13、t much (that) I can do.我能做的不多。(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時。The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten. 我將永遠不會忘記我上的第一堂課。 This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。 (3)先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代詞修飾時。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我

14、的所有的書。(4)先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修飾時。The white flower is the only one (that) I really like.這朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的。This is the very book I want to read. 這就是我想看的那本書。(5)當(dāng)主句是以who或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句時。Who is the man that is standing over there?站在那邊的那個人是誰?Which of us that know something about physi

15、cs doesnt know this?在我們懂點物理的人當(dāng)中有誰不知道這個?that (6)先行詞既有人又有物時。We talked about the persons and the things we could remember. 我們談?wù)摿宋覀兯苡浀玫娜撕褪隆?7)time作先行詞且前面有序數(shù)詞或 last 修飾時, 定語從句用 that 來引導(dǎo)(that可省略);沒有序數(shù)詞或 last 修飾時, 既可用 when 也可用that來引導(dǎo)。This is the last time (that) I shall give you a lesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課了。The

16、first time (that) I saw him was in 2016.我第一次見到他是在2016年。 that 2.下列情況只能用which(1) 關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語時, 用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。This is the book foryou ask. 這是你要的那本書。(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,只能用which。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本我已經(jīng)讀了三遍的小說很感人。which 考點三關(guān)系副詞的用法1.when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞。I still remembe

17、r the day I first came to Beijing. 我仍然記得第一次來北京的那一天。2.where 在句中作狀語,表示地點。This is the factory I worked two years ago.這就是我兩年前工作的那家工廠。 3.why在句中作狀語,表示原因。I know the reason he came late. 我知道他來晚的原因。 whenwherewhy 考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練.用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1.Milk quickly goes bad its put in the fridge. 2.Do you know the girl in white is?

18、 Im not sure. Maybe she is a doctor.3.I think the man is painting over there might be our art teacher. 4.Does anyone know the famous scientist was born? I know! In New York.5.Is there anyone name is Betty? Sorry, I dont know.6.Could you tell me you will travel to London? Sure.Next month.7.Molly didn

19、t have dinner she finished doing homework. 8. we were very tired, we felt happy. unlesswhatwho/thatwherewhosewhenuntilThough/Although 考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子9.朗讀者是我看過的最好的電視節(jié)目。The TV program called Readers is the best program ever watched. 10.我確信他會準(zhǔn)時到達。 I am sure . 11.每天,他都早起,以便能趕上第一班車。Every day, he gets u

20、p early he can catch the first bus. 12.我不知道他們住在哪兒。I didnt know . 13.科學(xué)家說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。Scientists said . that I havehe will arrive on timeso thatwhere they livedthat the earth moves/goes around the sun 考點過關(guān)訓(xùn)練.句型轉(zhuǎn)換14.Do you have a toy car? Jack asked his brother.(改為賓語從句)Jack asked his brother he a toy car.

21、15.Jenny was too excited to express herself clearly.(改為復(fù)合句)Jenny was excited she couldnt express herself clearly. 16.Lets discuss how we shall go to the Sea World. (改為同義句)Lets discuss go to the Sea World. 17.“Whose schoolbag is on the desk?” Father asked.(改為復(fù)合句)Father asked schoolbag on the desk. if/whether hadso thathow to whose was