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編號(hào)
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
相關(guān)資料
題目： 兩級(jí)減速箱體工藝工裝設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)電一體化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923196
學(xué)生姓名： 季雙宇
指導(dǎo)教師： 韓邦華（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告
二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表”
四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表
無錫太湖學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）
開題報(bào)告
題目： 兩級(jí)減速箱體工藝工裝設(shè)計(jì)
信機(jī) 系 機(jī)電一體化 專業(yè)
學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923196
學(xué)生姓名： 季雙宇
指導(dǎo)教師： 韓邦華（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月23日
課題來源
自擬題目
科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等）
（1）課題科學(xué)意義
我們這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的課題是二級(jí)減速箱體工藝工裝設(shè)計(jì)，其生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)是10000件/年，即大批大量生產(chǎn)，則將涉及大批量加工的工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)線設(shè)計(jì)、各類型組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)、隨行夾具和專用夾具設(shè)計(jì)等，與機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化有比較全面的相關(guān)的知識(shí)體系。機(jī)械制造工藝與夾具是機(jī)械制造業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，是生產(chǎn)高科技產(chǎn)品的保障。離開了它，就不能開發(fā)制造出先進(jìn)的產(chǎn)品和保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，不能提高生產(chǎn)率，降低成本和縮短生產(chǎn)周期。加之通過畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)習(xí)調(diào)研，完成該課題可對(duì)我們大學(xué)四年期間所學(xué)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行一次較為全面的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練，可以培養(yǎng)我們掌握如何運(yùn)用過去所學(xué)的知識(shí)去解決生產(chǎn)中實(shí)際問題的方法，增強(qiáng)從事本專業(yè)實(shí)際工作所必需的基本能力和開發(fā)研究能力，為我們以后走上工作崗位打下一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)。
（2）研究現(xiàn)狀
機(jī)床夾具是機(jī)床上所使用的一種輔助設(shè)備，將工件定位和夾緊，以完成加工所需的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，提高加工精度、減少廢品，降低對(duì)工人的技術(shù)要求。隨著機(jī)械工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，對(duì)產(chǎn)品的品種和生產(chǎn)率提出了愈來愈高的要求，使多品種，中小批生產(chǎn)作為機(jī)械主流，為了適應(yīng)機(jī)械生產(chǎn)的這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，必然對(duì)機(jī)床夾具提出更高的要求。目前對(duì)夾具的研究主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、精密化、高效化、柔性化。希望夾具設(shè)計(jì)能夠操作方便、可以降低生產(chǎn)成本，適應(yīng)不同零件的需要。在機(jī)床技術(shù)向高速、高效、精密、復(fù)合、環(huán)保、方向發(fā)展、的帶動(dòng)下，夾具技術(shù)正朝著高效高精模塊組合通用經(jīng)濟(jì)方向發(fā)展。
現(xiàn)代機(jī)床夾具的發(fā)展方向主要表現(xiàn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、精密化、高效化和柔性化等四個(gè)方面。
研究?jī)?nèi)容
該零件為大批大量生產(chǎn)，通過查閱相關(guān)的資料，對(duì)自己的專題設(shè)計(jì)了所需專用夾具，為了提高生產(chǎn)效率，其夾緊裝置均采用氣動(dòng)夾緊 。這畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間，主要完成零件圖的繪制以及工藝路線的制定，工序卡片的編制、夾具的設(shè)計(jì)。
擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析
采用組織分析零件的具體結(jié)構(gòu)，加工精度要求，表面粗糙度要求，制造出初步的加工方案。然后組織學(xué)生下廠參觀，實(shí)習(xí)，實(shí)地了解工廠現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)條件，發(fā)展展望及具體的生產(chǎn)水平。在此基礎(chǔ)上編制工藝規(guī)程，填寫工藝文件，設(shè)計(jì)專用夾具。待初步完成后再回工廠征集意見，加以改進(jìn)，定稿。
研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果
研究計(jì)劃：
2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：按照任務(wù)書要求查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告書。
2012年12月3日-2013年3月5日：填寫畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告。
2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：按照要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告。
2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。
2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)、工序卡和工藝卡。
2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：夾具設(shè)計(jì)、裝配圖和說明書。
2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：畢業(yè)論文撰寫和修改工作。
預(yù)期成果：
工藝規(guī)程：工藝卡片，工序卡片，夾具總圖及主要零件圖，設(shè)計(jì)說明書
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
① 使用MATLAB編程仿真，效果明顯，方便改變參量，能夠直觀判斷實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。
② 采用固定某些參量、改變某些參量來研究問題的方法，思路清晰，簡(jiǎn)潔明了，行之有效。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
（1）具備條件：現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)樣圖，加工工廠的現(xiàn)有生產(chǎn)條件及技術(shù)狀況，特別是已有的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
（2）需解決的問題：目前缺少設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)、資料等，對(duì)檢測(cè)條件也不夠清楚其它資料也缺乏。
指導(dǎo)教師意見
指導(dǎo)教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
China's machinery manufacturing management information of the characteristics and development trends
1. Preface
The manufacturing sector, especially machinery manufacturing industry is a pillar industry of national economy, the modern manufacturing industry is changing people's modes of production, lifestyle, mode of operation and management as well as the organizational structure of society and culture. China's huge market potential and rich labor resources, the world's manufacturing industry has shifted to China, China is becoming a world manufacturing power. China's household electrical appliances, such as in the production of a number of products has been ranking first in the world. However, in their own intellectual property rights of innovative design, advanced manufacturing technology and equipment and modern management, there are still a big gap, so we do not create power. This article will machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems, how to use information technology to improve management, management information of the characteristics and trends of technology development for a number of studies for the development of machinery manufacturing enterprises program reference information.
2. Machinery manufacturing enterprises in the current management problems
China's machinery manufacturing industry through decades of effort have been of considerable size, the accumulation of a large number of skills and experience. However, with the formation of world economic integration, since China's huge market potential and rich labor resources, foreign technology, capital, large influx of Chinese products, Chinese enterprises are facing an unprecedented situation of fierce competition at home and abroad. Competitive products require replacement fast, high quality, low price, prompt delivery and good services. Competition in these markets weapons with the model of corporate governance, management methods, management tools, organizational structure, business processes are closely related. However, the Chinese enterprises and people's ideology 30-40 years due to the impact of the planned economy, the competitiveness of the existence of weapons with a big gap compared with developed countries.
(1) control the mode of production planning behind
The implementation of ERP has not been the machinery manufacturing enterprises is almost 100% use of sets of programs. That is the longest production cycle of products form the basis of product as a variety of materials and production lead time procurement lead time. Exaggerated is the lead-time inventory and reserve products high liquidity of the root causes of the use of the Great. Production planning and procurement plans in line, sets the level of bad parts can not be delivered on time. Or to protect its delivery of high reserves. Modern management methods from MRP MRP, JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, a far cry from the synchronization of production.
(2) Enterprise poor response
Today's market is constantly changing, the demand for diversification. Order assembly MTO, in accordance with orders for manufacture of MTO, in accordance with orders for the design of MTD, Mass Customization MC. Variety of different specifications, production, procurement is very complex. From the customer - Sales - Design - Production - Purchasing - Financial - costs, the need for a complete supply chain management, in order to quickly respond to dynamic customer demand, to adapt to the ever-changing market and customer customization requirements.
(3) inaccurate cost, poor cost control
Artificial cost accounting in general only the cost of computing products, the cost of parts and components can not be calculated. Very rough cost-sharing, the cost of data collection is a large number of artificialand poor accuracy of the data, making cost inaccurate. Generally do not carry out the standard cost calculation, cost analysis rarely conducted, so poor cost control.
(4) information dispersed, not timely, inaccurate, not share
Manufacturing production, supply, marketing, human, financial, and material is an organic whole, and between them there is a large amount of information exchange. Decentralized management of information, however artificial, based on the lack of a complete data, information dispersion, not timely, inaccurate, not share, significantly affect the scientific nature of management decision-making.
(5)-style bureaucratic organizations rather than the flat-oriented business processes of organizations, the general business processes unreasonable, business process management and control of non-standard, arbitrary.
(6) lack of standardization, standardization, institutionalization, programmable management, management strengths and weaknesses vary from person to person. Despite the adoption of ISO9000 procedures to develop a series of documents, the effect of the implementation of enterprises and managers may vary.
(7) management tools behind, the majority of enterprises still in the computer manual or decentralized management of individual management stage. Some enterprises have set up computer networks, the whole plant, but the application is still fragmented, there is no information-sharing and the optimal distribution of resources.
(8) modern management ideas, new methods, and poor application of new technologies. For example: Agile Manufacturing AM, virtual manufacturing VM, JIT JIT, Customer Relationship Management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-business EC, such as enterprise resource planning ERP.
3. Use information technology to improve the level of mechanical system management
At present, the above-mentioned problems in the management of seriously affecting the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises. The use of modern management thinking, methods and computer network communication technology, machinery manufacturing enterprises to achieve the management of innovation, system innovation and technological innovation is facing urgent tasks in front of each enterprise. Therefore, the establishment of linked computer networks, both within and outside plant communication systems, select advanced, mature and suitable for the needs of enterprise management enterprise resource planning ERP, customer relationship management CRM, supply chain management SCM, Business Intelligence BI, e-commerce software systems, such as EC, through the Management Advisory and business process reengineering, and optimize the design of the organization, management, business process, application of these software systems, enterprise information management. Enterprise management in order to overcome the current problems in and improve the level of corporate governance, management efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises, is the face of a knowledge-based economy and global economic integration make the inevitable choice. System aims to:
(1) into a company-wide computer network management information system. The system enables enterprises to achieve the production and operation of logistics, capital flow, information flow and work flow of the high degree of unity with the parallel operation, and Intranet, Internet enterprises inside and outside the full exchange of information and business links with the outside world, to form an effective agile supply chain system.
(2) the use of advanced production planning and control methods. To break the sets of programs, according to a variety of materials procurement and production lead-time preparation of lead-time MRP. The establishment of an effective and flexible by the master production plan, material requirements planning and job shop scheme composed of three planned production planning management system, reduce the maximum production cycle, procurement cycle, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer demand to maximize the reduction of inventory and costs, improve service levels. Qualified enterprises to implement JIT JIT, supplier of pipe Treasury VMI, synchronous production of advanced management methods.
(3) to achieve company-wide basis of data (such as material data, product structure data, product design, process data, capacity data, etc.) to generate a unified, uniform maintenance and management for authorized use of the relevant departments, the number of truly a, data sharing, to avoid redundancy. Through the ERP system to further rationalize the development and implementation of management procedures to ensure the management of institutionalized, standardized and scientific.
(4) for the current information in the management division of the situation and establish a customer-centric dynamic information feedback and control system, for each task from the contract, design, production, procurement, cost accounting into the whole process of product shipments Dynamic tracking, so that each task is effectively under control.
(5) to strengthen and improve financial management and cost accounting functions. The real cost to build two systems, the use of advanced cost accounting methods, a more accurate accounting of costs and cost components for sales quotes and provide a reliable basis for financial accounting. Conduct a cost analysis to identify the factors that reduce costs and effectively reduce costs.
(6) the use of computers to enhance the quality of the statistical analysis of data. Take full advantage of the quality of test data, using a variety of analytical methods, to conduct in-depth statistics and analysis. Effectively monitor and improve the quality level.
(7) through computer-based enterprise information management, will be the majority of managers from the tedious manual labor, so that they will have the opportunity to learn management theory and management skills, from the nature of enterprise management personnel to improve the management level.
4. China's machinery manufacturing management features
Machinery manufacturing and the management of other manufacturing industries have common personality; machinery manufacturing industry with the production type, production volume, production organization of its management practices in different ways there are differences; China's manufacturing sector compared with the developed countries, due to corporate culture, law, different system has its particularities. On these characteristics the following topics:
(1) machinery manufacturing industry is a typical discrete manufacturing industry, its management software based on the production type, production volume, production organization are different, require different solutions. The chart lists the type of division of production:
Characteristics of these types of manufacturers:
Discrete Manufacturing - different materials through the movement of non-continuous, through different paths, the production of different materials and products. Such as motor vehicles, machine tools, aircraft, computers, home electrical appliances.
Process Industry - materials through mixing, separating, forming, or chemical reaction, mostly for materials through the same path, to produce valuable products. It consists of continuous production, manufacturing production and mixed types. Required in the management of prescription management, by-products, the products, a variety of units of measurement, a number of quality and grade of the same items, batch number tracking, shelf-life characteristics, the general process industry with professional software.
Single production - the design of products to order, according to the production of customer demand, product is very complex. Products are generally long production cycle. Sometimes a contract for delivery in accordance with many parts. Such as the three major power plants (major motor, steam turbine, boiler) heavy machinery, shipbuilding and so on. Organization of production divided by the technology, equipment is common. Production management, in addition to the application of multi-variety small-production the whole way, the need to increase the network plan (project management), the key to sort resources. CRM is not important on here.
Variety of small batch production - products are standard or optional. Demand can be forecast, or order the production, assembly to order. Production process in accordance with the characteristics of organizations at the workshop, section, team, such as casting, forging, riveting, welding, cars, milling, planing, grinding, assembly and so on. The characteristics of production planning MRPII is a typical configuration control increases. They also need CRM, SCM and so on.
Mass production - is a standard or a small number of products matching. Depends mainly on the demand forecast, and also to consider orders. Production equipment is based on materials (parts, components) to form a target assembly article. Production plan is characterized by the traditional mixed MRPII and JIT manufacturing, medium and long-term plans and materials used in production of spare parts requirements planning MRP, the Plan of Implementation adopted JIT, Kanban (Electronic Kanban), recoil inventory tracking barcode program materials. CRM, e-commerce is important.
Mass Customization - will be more varieties of small batch production to meet the individual needs of different clients and high-volume production to increase productivity, reduce costs of combining the advantages. Organization of production lines is still, but a variety of product configuration. Production planning control in that it requires a combination of MRP, JIT, integrated applications, such as configuration control. Is a mixture of the first two manufacturing model.
Therefore, different types of enterprises, the choice of ERP software in accordance with the management of these different characteristics to find the software to meet business needs. You are an annual production capacity of 100,000 vehicle manufacturing plant, software, and I did not see inappropriate JIT. You are a heavy machinery plant, he does not project management products, the main pieces of the quality of follow-up clearance, I do not trip. In addition, the different focus of corporate governance are not the same, some very complex enterprise sales, but the production simple. Procurement and manufacture some very complex, but only a few one-year contracts, sales management is not important. Therefore, dialectical treatment must prescribe the right remedy.
(2) as a result of the East-West cultural differences, making the West we must re-examine the ERP system application in China.
The West to "law" as the focus of the management model, the ERP system is based on Western law-oriented corporate culture, government policy decrees, regulations, taxation policy, the design and development; compare re-schedule, re-plan in order to ensure targeted delivery to the time the main line program, based on a standardized, stressing at the right time to correct the correct amount of materials sent to the right place. Software functions and the logic of the host country in line with the policy of the Government Act, regulations, tax policy. It is strictly abide by contracts, re-plan of discipline. It should be said, ERP can solve the developed countries of the integrated manufacturing enterprise management.
Orient to "feeling" for the characteristics of the management philosophy of management as a result of this emphasis on the role and value of the realization of the system while ignoring the effect of management and regulations in order to demonstrate the relationship between the personnel in the emphasis on the spirit of the performance of a fully rational, and in the emphasis on task and rules, the spirit of the performance is not fully rational. Therefore, the lack of strict laws and regulations, too many personal connections and rational spirit of inadequate management of China's shortcomings and inadequacies. Its performance management is more to consider "the consequences." The so-called "masters" the spirit is denied by administrators or managers, their actions are focused on values, they re-commitment, light contract; re-scheduling, light plan; heavy emotion, light system; randomness, and poor punctuality . So the West ERP application in China must pay attention to the values of human management. Therefore, the establishment of a combination of, a comprehensive enterprise performance management is essential.
(3) ERP of the modern manufacturing management tool, it has its social attributes and two aspects of the natural attributes. In terms of its natural attributes, there is not much difference between Chinese and foreign enterprises. They all seek to maximize the production of shorter cycles, lower costs, reduce inventory, on-time delivery, rapid response to customer needs. So the general principle of ERP is the foreign application. However, in terms of their social attributes, corporate governance policies by the state laws, regulations, tax policy, the market environment. ERP must therefore consider the conditions of. For example, ERP financial software, it must be in line with China's acco