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1、附錄： 外文資料與中文翻譯 外文資料： scheduling winch First、 Scheduling and the structural characteristics of winch scheduling winch is used to dispatch vehicles to assist traction and operating a winch. Commonly used in the mine tunnel in the haulage and supporting mine car handling、 can also be used in

2、the mining face、 with scheduling space station、 heavy cars. Scheduling winch is full-gear transmission machinery. Gear also known as the round of the transmission system. According round of the transmission gear when the axis of space in the relative position is fixed、 can be divided into fixed an

3、d working capital of the axis round of the round. Another round of the axis of cylindrical mesh gear transmission and the cylindrical mesh gear transmission of points、 and turnover of another round of transmission and differential planetary transmission of the points. Scheduling the winch within the

4、 existing transmission gear meshing cylindrical Gear、 another planetary transmission、 scheduling winch planetary transmission gear、 also known as the winch. Scheduling winch models commonly used mainly JD-0.4 (JD-4.5)、 JD-1 (JD) -11.4)、 JD-1 (JD-22)、 JD-2 (JD-25)、 JD-3 (JD - 40). Below the J

5、D-1(that is、 JD-11.4) as an example of scheduling winch on the composition and scheduling transmission principle. (A) JD-1-scheduling of the winch JD-1-scheduling the main component of the winch drum for、 brakes and motor frame. From the winch drum made of cast steel、 its main function is wi

6、nding rope traction load. Drum、 and the slowdown in gear with the gear. Winch on the two groups with a total installed-gate that is Brake 2、the gateway 3. Motor side of the gate 2 to brake drum brakes、 the gear in the work of three gates used to control Z7 group functioning. Use made of cast

7、 iron frame、 the motor bearings and gates with stent-positioning are fixed with bolts in the plane seat. For Flameproof for the thee-phase motor . (B) JD-1-Dispatch winch the drive principle This type of winch used two Internal Drives and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Int

8、ernal Drive、 Z5、 Z6、 Z7 composition of planetary transmission mechanism. Motor head in the installation of a 5-axis extended sets of gear Z1、through the gears Z2、 with gear Z3 and Z4、 the movement spread to gear Z5、 the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round of the Sun) An

9、d then led the two planetary gear Z6、 and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis、 the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the external gateway、 used to control winch drum operation. If the big gear Z7 gate on the work of three gates to li

10、ve、 and will be on the brake drum gates 2 release、 this time by two motor rotation within the rodents to gear wheel drive Z5、 Z6 and Z7. However、 due to Z7 gate has been living and can not rotate、 so gear Z6 only on the one hand around its own axis of rotation、 but also around the axis of gear Z5 (d

11、rum center) to the public. Thus connected with the rotation of the lead、 then Z6 the operation mode very similar to the planets in the solar system (such as Earth) movement、 also known as the planetary gear Z6、 its transmission mode known as the planetary transmission. Conversely、 if the gear

12、Z7 in the work release gate 3、 and will brake drum on the live gate 2、 the Z6 directly connected with the drum、 only for the rotation、 not revolution、 the Z1 from the transmission system changed to Z7 For the fixed axis of the round、 gear Z7 to go short. Inverted for the release (or live gate) gate

13、work Brake 2 or 3、 you can make scheduling winch in the case of non-stop motor to achieve operating and parking. When the need to reverse upgrade、 must be re-activated the launch button、 reverse the motor running. It should be noted that、 when the motor is turned on、 the gate and not allowed t

14、o work Brake live gate at the same time、 it will burn motor or other accidents. Second、scheduling winch day-to-day maintenance check the contents of (1) check each part of bolts、 pin、 nuts、 washers、 etc.、 if loose、 loss should be tightened and timely complement. (2) to check installations

15、and electrical signal Operation button is intact and whether stolen explosive phenomenon、 whether the signal sent clear and bright、 it should be repaired or replaced. (3) to check whether damaged or broken drum、 the first wire rope is firmly fixed、 bearing oil spill there、 the rope is neatly arran

16、ged、 the problems should be promptly dealt with. (4) inspection gate with a crack-free、 wear-gauge whether or not (should have a thickness of not less than 3 mm)、 the tension bar bolts、 fork first、 the gate、 such as whether there is a pin deformation or injury、 whether the loose nuts back tight、 P

17、roblems should be adjusted and dealt with. (5) Check the gate and lever action is a flexible system、 Shi gate、 the ate may not reach the level position、 it should be slightly Sangria than the horizontal position. (6) to check the roof fixed winch-and-beam is solid、 based on whether there is a bo

18、lt or bolts loose、 whether crack base、 the issue should be dealt with promptly. (7) To check whether the normal start motor idling、 whether good grounding to start with、 and so whether the explosion-proof electrical equipment and good demand. (8) Check bearings and motors、 switches、 cables、 such

19、 as whether the gate with the temperature too high、 the problem should be found to identify the reasons for、 to take measures to deal with. (9) Often wipe winch to remove dust and debris、 and maintain the environment clean and tidy. Winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance ? Three、

20、winch common faults and deal with (A) a winch drum abnormal sound and the main approach 1. Winch drum produce abnormal sound the main reason (1) drum cartridge case bolts loose. (2) Shell and tube-round (flange) gap between too large. (3) Drum cylinder shell cracks. (4) Welding a cylinde

21、r shell welding. (5) Walks drum and hub of the fixed screw loose、 causing swimming drum and hub between the relative sliding. (6) Gap between the hub and spindle wear too large. (7) A clutch worm screw loose. 2. Approach ????According to the inspection to determine treatment. If the loosen

22、ing of the nut、 in Jiao Ban shutdown when fastening If noise is not serious、 may be appropriate to reduce winch load、 pay attention to observe、 to maintain the provisions of the maintenance shutdown at the repair if the beep serious、 they should immediately Parking repaired or replaced、 so as to avo

23、id accidents expand. (B) On the rope winch drum with Bu Shangri hazards、 causes and treatment methods、 1. Winch drum on the rope with the harm Bu Shangri (1) speed up the rope wear. Rope in the mess on the winding drum、 traction force to justice often ranked in the mess in the rope and pressur

24、e to get out、 causing serious wear、 resulting in diameter steel wire rope and wire break more ground and shorten the life of the rope. ?(2) Of wire rope slid off the drum. Rope with Bu Shangri、 an inevitable phenomenon of a crowded heap for damage to justice board、 when the reactor crowded the edg

25、e of more than high rollers、 the rope easily slid off the drum、 light、 broken wires、 heavy sports car、 and broken rope. 2. Winch drum on the main rope with Bu Shangri (1) winch layout properly that is hoisting cable angle non-compliance requirements. (2) Winch Titanium (Preliminary round) Quem

26、oy not with the rope on the winding drum at about sliding. (3) Ranked rope winch device failure or have been removed. (4) Improper operation the wound is not tight. 3. Approach ? According to different situations symptomatic treatment. The installation of quality and exclusive rope devices

27、 such as the failure to timely report on the request sent treatment、 operation or maintenance of an improper、 we should conscientiously in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation and maintenance; Inclined Drift winch paying particular attention to removing obstacles on their way to pr

28、event the re-delegate Of Mandrel、 tight-rope Mandrel. (C) Winch reducer operation abnormal sound and vibration generated in the causes and treatment 1. Reducer functioning of abnormal sound and vibration generated in the main (1) gears meshing space tight or too loose. (2) Bearing gap is too

29、 large、 the general performance of the decentralization empty at the beep、 beep when upgrading heavy small. (3) Or bearing reducer bolts loose. (4) Reducer in the swap was foreign bodies. 2. Approach (1) adjusting the gears meshing gap to a suitable position、 if the wear and gear should be

30、replaced. (2) Relaxation of the repair or replacement of bearings. (3) Pay attention to tighten loose screws. (4) If it has fallen into foreign body reducer、 should be immediately suspended、 and troubleshooting. (D) Winch brake gate of the reasons for and treatment of fever 1. Brake winch

31、 for fever (1) a gate too early、 too excessive. (2) Weights are often delegated to use Brake、 no electrical power winch braking system EC、 single-drum winch often such a situation. (3) Brake shoe loose bolts or excessive brake wear、 the bolt hit the first round of gate (or gateway disc). (4)

32、 Brake shoe and the gateway round (or gateway disk) was not installed correctly; the contact area is too small. ?(5) Gate Ferry (or gateway disc) swing more. ? 2. Prevention and treatment ????Constantly sum up experience in operations、 and explore methods of operation and improve the level of

33、technique; strict winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance of traction control grid load、 no-load、 do not send delegate at the motor-vehicle gate flying; regular maintenance checks、 pay attention to brake shoe and the gateway Round (or gate-) exposure. (E) Disc Brake-meters does not de

34、al with the causes and prevention methods ?1. Brake-song disc is not the main meters (1) brake operation handle screw drawbars length adjustment inappropriate. (2) Brake operation handle swing point of view inappropriate. (3) Relief valve plug the hole cut expenditure or slide valve failure

35、death card. (4) Relief valve surge devices or electro-hydraulic oil spills. (5) electro-hydraulic device moves lap surge Inch Xian welding is not strong or disconnected. 2. Prevention approaches ? the timely adjustment of brake operation handle moves location、 regular cleansing of the hyd

36、raulic system of oil filters、 hydraulic oil to maintain the cleanliness and avoid valve plug the hole. (F) The launch button、 do not turn the winch motor and Treatment 1. Main (1) A power failure、 such as power failures、 break phase、 motor or grounding line、 grounding the protection of power

37、supply voltage or too low. (2) Stop button did not recover bit. (3) Have launched internal fault. (4) Cable operator disconnected. (5) Motor burned. 2. Approach To check power、 such as the local power supply cables on the other electrical and mechanical equipment are a fixed、 it would s

38、urely is the power blackout、 should be promptly reported that the request transmission. Check the button、 we must switch handle hit by power outage location、 check the button may be open、 not to repair its damaged in the explosion-proof performance. Several other conditions must be full-time electri

39、cian to check processing. (G) The stop button、 the motor does not stop the causes and treatment 1. Main (1) Operating button failures or too wet. (2) Operation of short circuit or grounding. (3) Magnetic starter for the main contact point or burning auxiliary contact adhesive and can not leav

40、e. (4) arc-suppression hood stuck contact、 could not leave. (5) Contact between the open relays. (6) Magnetic starter placed unrighteousness、 touch or backward dumping beyond 15 °. 2. Approach Should urgently Fishing magnetic starter、 to winch their magnetic starter handle the operation to

41、stop fighting position. Pre-gate method should be used first to raise load stopped to prevent Lash starter when the magnetic switch in isolation have too great a power outage sparks. (H) Single-phase operation of the motor causes and treatment 1．Winch motor single-phase operation of the characte

42、ristics and hazards (1) Whether positive start、 or reverse start、 the electrical occurred dull hum、 but the motor will not always turn. (2) If a motor running in single-phase operation、 while still maintaining the original motor to spin、 but obviously slow down the speed、 a humming sound、 the el

43、ectrical start fever、 if the winch with Ammeter、 some point to zero、 Some larger current value. Whether or activated in motor running single-phase operation、 if not timely detection and shutdown、 it may be burning motor for the accident. 2. Single-phase operation of a motor for (1) Lack of power

44、 (of a fault). This is because of a broken fuse or a disconnection of contacts and a phase-connection is bad、 and so causes. (2) Motor stator windings of a break. Stator windings at this time because of the different connection mode、 the impact of differentiated、 that is、 stars (丫) of wiring than

45、1.30 (△) of wiring serious. 3. Approach ??? Rapid shut down to identify reasons for the timely reporting or maintenance electrician for processing. 中文翻譯： 調(diào)度絞車(chē) ?一、調(diào)度絞車(chē)及其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 調(diào)度絞車(chē)是常用來(lái)調(diào)度車(chē)輛及進(jìn)行輔助牽引作業(yè)的一種絞車(chē)。常用于礦井巷道中拖運(yùn)礦車(chē)及輔助搬運(yùn)，也可用在采掘工作面、裝車(chē)站調(diào)度空、重載礦車(chē)。 ?? 調(diào)度絞車(chē)是一種全齒傳動(dòng)機(jī)械。齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)又稱(chēng)輪系。根據(jù)輪系傳動(dòng)時(shí)各齒輪軸線在空間的相對(duì)位

46、置是否固定，可分為定軸輪系和周轉(zhuǎn)輪系。定軸輪系又有外嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)和內(nèi)嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)之分，而周轉(zhuǎn)輪系又有差動(dòng)傳動(dòng)和行星傳動(dòng)之分。調(diào)度絞車(chē)的傳動(dòng)齒輪既有內(nèi)嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)，又有行星傳動(dòng)，所以調(diào)度絞車(chē)又稱(chēng)內(nèi)齒輪行星傳動(dòng)絞車(chē)。 ?? 調(diào)度絞車(chē)常用型號(hào)主要有JD—0.4(JD—4.5)、JD—1（JD）—11.4）、JD—1.（JD—22）、JD—2（JD—25）、JD—3（JD—40）等。 ?? 下面以JD—1（即JD—11.4）型調(diào)度絞車(chē)為例介紹調(diào)度絞車(chē)的組成及傳動(dòng)原理。 ? （一）JD—1型調(diào)度絞車(chē)的組成 ?? JD—1型調(diào)度絞車(chē)的主要組成部分為滾筒、制動(dòng)裝置機(jī)座和電動(dòng)機(jī)。?

47、絞車(chē)滾筒由鑄鋼制成，其主要功能是纏繞鋼絲繩牽引負(fù)荷。滾筒內(nèi)和大內(nèi)齒輪下裝有減速齒輪。 ?? 絞車(chē)上共裝有兩組帶式閘，即制動(dòng)閘2，工作閘3。電動(dòng)機(jī)一側(cè)的制動(dòng)閘2用來(lái)制動(dòng)滾筒，大內(nèi)齒輪上的工作閘3用于控制Z7組運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 ?? 機(jī)座用鑄鐵制成，電動(dòng)機(jī)軸承支架及閘帶定位板等均用螺栓固定在機(jī)座上。電動(dòng)機(jī)為專(zhuān)用隔爆三相籠型電動(dòng)機(jī)。 ? （二）JD—1型調(diào)度絞車(chē)的傳動(dòng)原理 ? ? 該型絞車(chē)采用兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙合傳動(dòng)和一級(jí)行星輪傳動(dòng)。Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4為兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙合傳動(dòng)，Z5、Z6、Z7組成行星傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。 ? ? 在電動(dòng)機(jī)5軸頭上安裝著加長(zhǎng)套的齒輪Z1，通過(guò)內(nèi)齒輪Z2、齒輪Z3和內(nèi)齒輪Z4，把運(yùn)動(dòng)傳到

48、齒輪Z5上，齒輪Z5是行星輪系的中央輪（或稱(chēng)太陽(yáng)輪），再帶動(dòng)兩個(gè)行星齒輪Z6和大內(nèi)齒輪Z7。行星齒輪自由地裝在2根與帶動(dòng)固定連接的軸上，大內(nèi)齒輪Z7齒圈外部裝有工作閘，用于控制絞車(chē)滾筒運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 ?? 若將大內(nèi)齒輪Z7上的工作閘3閘住，而將滾筒上的制動(dòng)閘2松開(kāi)，此時(shí)電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)由兩級(jí)內(nèi)嚙輪傳動(dòng)到齒輪Z5、Z6和Z7。但由于Z7已被閘住，不能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，所以齒輪Z6只能一方面繞自己的軸線自轉(zhuǎn)，同時(shí)還要繞齒輪Z5的軸線（滾筒中心線）公轉(zhuǎn)。從而帶動(dòng)與其相連的帶動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，此時(shí)Z6的運(yùn)行方式很類(lèi)似太陽(yáng)系中的行星（如地球）的運(yùn)動(dòng)方式，齒輪Z6又稱(chēng)行星齒輪，其傳動(dòng)方式稱(chēng)為行星傳動(dòng)。 ?? 反之，若將大內(nèi)齒輪Z7上

49、的工作閘3松開(kāi)，而將滾筒上的制動(dòng)閘2閘住，因Z6與滾筒直接相連，只作自轉(zhuǎn)，沒(méi)有公轉(zhuǎn)，從Z1到Z7的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)變?yōu)槎ㄝS輪系，齒輪Z7做空轉(zhuǎn)。倒替松開(kāi)（或閘?。┕ぷ鏖l3或制動(dòng)閘2，即可使調(diào)度絞車(chē)在不停電動(dòng)機(jī)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)行和停車(chē)。當(dāng)需要作反向提升時(shí)，必須重新按動(dòng)啟動(dòng)按鈕，使電機(jī)反向運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 ?? 需要注意的是，當(dāng)電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)后，不準(zhǔn)將工作閘和制動(dòng)閘同時(shí)閘住，這樣會(huì)燒壞電動(dòng)機(jī)或發(fā)生其他事故。 二、調(diào)度絞車(chē)日常檢查維護(hù)的內(nèi)容 ??? (1)檢查各部位螺栓、銷(xiāo)子、螺母、墊圈等，如有松動(dòng)、脫落，應(yīng)及時(shí)擰緊和補(bǔ)全。 ??? (2)檢查信號(hào)裝置及電動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行操作按鈕是否完好和有無(wú)失爆現(xiàn)象，信號(hào)發(fā)出是否清楚和

50、明亮，否則應(yīng)修理或更換。 ??? (3)檢查滾筒有無(wú)損壞或破裂，鋼絲繩頭固定是否牢固，軸承有無(wú)漏油，鋼絲繩排列是否整齊，有問(wèn)題應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。 ??? (4)檢查閘帶有無(wú)裂紋，磨損是否超限(應(yīng)留有不少于3 mm厚度)，拉桿螺栓、叉頭、閘把、銷(xiāo)軸等是否有損傷或變形，背緊螺母是否松動(dòng)，有問(wèn)題應(yīng)調(diào)整和處理。 ??? (5)檢查閘把及杠桿系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作是否靈活，施閘后，閘把不得達(dá)到水平位置，應(yīng)當(dāng)比水平位置略有上翹。 ??? (6)檢查固定絞車(chē)的頂柱和戧柱是否牢固，基礎(chǔ)螺栓或錨桿是否有松動(dòng)，底座有無(wú)裂紋，有問(wèn)題應(yīng)及時(shí)處理。 ??? (7)檢查電動(dòng)機(jī)空載啟動(dòng)是否正常，接地是否良好，啟動(dòng)器等電氣設(shè)備是否符合

51、防爆和完好要求。 ??? (8)檢查軸承及電動(dòng)機(jī)、開(kāi)關(guān)、電纜、閘帶等是否溫度過(guò)高，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題應(yīng)查明原因，采取措施進(jìn)行處理。 (9)經(jīng)常擦拭絞車(chē)，清理浮塵和雜物，保持周?chē)h(huán)境整潔。絞車(chē)的安全操作、檢查與維護(hù) 三、絞車(chē)常見(jiàn)故障及處理 ??? (一)絞車(chē)滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因及處理方法 ??? 1．絞車(chē)滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因 ??? (1)滾筒筒殼螺栓松動(dòng)。 ??? (2)筒殼和支輪(法蘭盤(pán))之間間隙過(guò)大。 ??? (3)滾筒筒殼產(chǎn)生裂紋。 ??? (4)焊接筒殼開(kāi)焊。 ??? (5)游動(dòng)滾筒和襯套的固定螺釘松動(dòng)，造成游動(dòng)滾筒和襯套之間有相對(duì)滑動(dòng)。 ??? (6)襯套與主軸之

52、間間隙磨損過(guò)大。 ??? (7)蝸輪螺桿式離合器有松動(dòng)。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? 根據(jù)檢查情況，確定處理方法。如對(duì)松動(dòng)的螺帽等，可在交接班停產(chǎn)時(shí)緊固；如果響聲不嚴(yán)重，可適當(dāng)減輕絞車(chē)負(fù)載，注意觀察，維持到規(guī)定的停產(chǎn)檢修時(shí)進(jìn)行修理；如果響聲嚴(yán)重，則應(yīng)立即停車(chē)修理或更換，以免事故擴(kuò)大。 ??? (二)絞車(chē)滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害、原因及處理方法??? ， ??? 1．絞車(chē)滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害 ??? (1)加快鋼絲繩磨損。鋼絲繩在滾筒上雜亂纏繞時(shí)，牽引受力繩經(jīng)常要在雜亂排繩中擠出來(lái)又壓進(jìn)去，造成嚴(yán)重磨損，造成鋼絲繩直徑磨細(xì)和斷絲增多，縮短了鋼絲繩的使用壽命。 ???

53、(2)造成鋼絲繩滑出滾筒外。鋼絲繩排列不整齊，必然產(chǎn)生堆擠現(xiàn)象，損壞護(hù)繩板，當(dāng)堆擠高度超過(guò)滾筒邊緣高度時(shí)，鋼絲繩極易滑出滾筒外，輕者斷絲，重者斷繩跑車(chē)。 ??? 2．絞車(chē)滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的主要原因 ??? (1)絞車(chē)布置不當(dāng)，即提升鋼絲繩偏角不符合規(guī)定要求。 ??? (2)絞車(chē)天輪(導(dǎo)輪)缺油，不能隨鋼絲繩在滾筒上纏繞時(shí)左右滑動(dòng)。 ??? (3)絞車(chē)排繩裝置失效或已被拆除。 ? (4)操作不當(dāng)，纏繞不緊。 ? ? 3．處理方法 ? 根據(jù)不同情況，對(duì)癥處理。屬安裝質(zhì)量和排繩裝置失效等情況的，要及時(shí)匯報(bào)請(qǐng)求派人處理，屬操作或維護(hù)不當(dāng)?shù)?，要認(rèn)真按照規(guī)定精心操作和維護(hù)；斜巷

54、絞車(chē)尤其要注意清除途中障礙，防止在下放重物時(shí)鋼絲繩忽松忽緊。 ??? (三)絞車(chē)減速器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．減速器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中產(chǎn)生異響和振動(dòng)的主要原因 ??? (1)齒輪嚙合間隙過(guò)緊或過(guò)松。 ??? (2)軸承間隙過(guò)大，一般表現(xiàn)為下放空載時(shí)響聲大，重載提升時(shí)響聲小。 ??? (3)減速器或軸承螺栓松動(dòng)。 ??? (4)減速器內(nèi)掉人異物。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? (1)調(diào)整齒輪嚙合間隙至適當(dāng)位置，若磨損嚴(yán)重，則應(yīng)更換齒輪。 ??? (2)對(duì)松弛的軸承進(jìn)行修理或更換。 ??? (3)注意緊固松動(dòng)的螺釘。 ??? (4)若有異物掉進(jìn)減速器內(nèi)，應(yīng)立即停

55、運(yùn)，排除故障。 ??? (四)絞車(chē)制動(dòng)閘發(fā)熱的原因及處理 ??? 1．絞車(chē)制動(dòng)閘發(fā)熱的原因 ??? (1)用閘過(guò)早、過(guò)多、過(guò)猛。 ??? (2)重物下放時(shí)經(jīng)常使用制動(dòng)閘，絞車(chē)沒(méi)有電氣動(dòng)力制動(dòng)系 統(tǒng)，單滾筒絞車(chē)常有此種情況。 ??? (3)閘瓦螺栓松動(dòng)或閘瓦磨損過(guò)度，螺栓頭觸及閘輪(或閘盤(pán))。 ??? (4)閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤(pán))安裝不正確，接觸面積過(guò)小。 ??? (5)閘輪(或閘盤(pán))擺動(dòng)較大。 ??? 2．預(yù)防和處理方法 ??? 不斷總結(jié)操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，探索操作方法，提高操作技術(shù)水平；嚴(yán)絞車(chē)的安全操作、檢查與維護(hù)格控制牽引負(fù)荷，嚴(yán)禁負(fù)荷下放時(shí)電機(jī)不送電松閘放飛車(chē)；經(jīng)常檢查維護(hù)，注意

56、閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤(pán))的接觸情況。 ??? (五)盤(pán)式制動(dòng)閘松不開(kāi)閘的原因及預(yù)防處理方法 ??? 1．盤(pán)式制動(dòng)閘松不開(kāi)閘的主要原因 ??? (1)制動(dòng)操作把手絲杠拉桿長(zhǎng)度調(diào)整不合適。 ??? (2)制動(dòng)操作把手?jǐn)[動(dòng)角度不合適。 ??? (3)溢流閥節(jié)流孔堵塞或滑閥卡死失靈。 ??? (4)溢流閥密封不嚴(yán)或電液調(diào)壓裝置漏油。 ??? (5)電液調(diào)壓裝置的動(dòng)作圈引出線焊接不牢或斷線。 ??? 2．預(yù)防處理方法 ??? 及時(shí)調(diào)整制動(dòng)操作把手動(dòng)作位置，定期清洗液壓系統(tǒng)的油過(guò)濾器，保持液壓油的清潔，避免閥孔堵塞。 ??? (六)按啟動(dòng)按鈕，絞車(chē)電機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn)的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．主

57、要原因 ??? (1)電源有故障，如停電、斷相、電動(dòng)機(jī)或線路接地，接地保護(hù)斷電或電源電壓過(guò)低。 ??? (2)停止按鈕未復(fù)原位。 ??? (3)啟動(dòng)器內(nèi)部有故障。 ??? (4)操作電纜斷線。 ??? (5)電動(dòng)機(jī)燒毀。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? 先檢查電源，如本機(jī)電源電纜上的其他機(jī)電設(shè)備都開(kāi)不動(dòng)，則肯定是電源停電，應(yīng)及時(shí)匯報(bào)，請(qǐng)求送電。再檢查按鈕，必須把所用開(kāi)關(guān)handle打到停電位置，方可拆開(kāi)按鈕檢查，不得在檢修中損壞其防爆性能。其他幾項(xiàng)情況必須請(qǐng)專(zhuān)職電工檢查處理。 ??? (七)按停止按鈕，電動(dòng)機(jī)不停止的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．主要原因 ??? (1)操作按鈕

58、失靈或過(guò)于潮濕。 ??? (2)操作線短路或接地。 ??? (3)磁力啟動(dòng)器主接點(diǎn)或輔助接點(diǎn)燒損粘連而不能離開(kāi)。 ?? (4)消弧罩卡住觸頭，不能離開(kāi)。 ??? (5)中間繼電器接點(diǎn)不斷開(kāi)。 ??? (6)磁力啟動(dòng)器放置不正，或被碰向后傾倒超過(guò)15°。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? 應(yīng)緊急扶正磁力啟動(dòng)器，把絞車(chē)所屬磁力啟動(dòng)器的操作手柄打向停止位置。事先應(yīng)該用調(diào)閘方法先將提升負(fù)荷停住，防止拉閘時(shí)磁力啟動(dòng)器內(nèi)隔離刀閘產(chǎn)生過(guò)大的停電火花。 ??? (八)電動(dòng)機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．絞車(chē)電動(dòng)機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的特征及危害 ??? (1)無(wú)論正向啟動(dòng)或反向啟動(dòng)，電機(jī)都發(fā)生沉

59、悶的嗡嗡聲，但電機(jī)始終不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 ??? (2)如在運(yùn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)電機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，則電動(dòng)機(jī)仍保持原來(lái)的旋向，但轉(zhuǎn)速明顯減慢、發(fā)出嗡嗡聲，電機(jī)開(kāi)始發(fā)熱，若絞車(chē)配有電流表，則有的指向零位，有的電流值變大。無(wú)論啟動(dòng)或運(yùn)行時(shí)出現(xiàn)電機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，如不及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和停機(jī)，則可能燒毀電機(jī)造成事故。 ??? 2．造成電動(dòng)機(jī)單相運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的原因 ??? (1)電源缺相(斷一相)。這是由于一相斷熔絲或一相斷線以及接觸器一相接觸不良等原因引起的。 ??? (2)電動(dòng)機(jī)定子線圈有一相斷線。這時(shí)由于定子線圈接線方式的不同，其影響程度有區(qū)別，即星(丫)型接線比三角(△)型接線嚴(yán)重。 ??? 3．處理方法 ??? 迅速停機(jī)，查明原因，及時(shí)匯報(bào)或找維修電工進(jìn)行處理。 21