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1、附錄附錄 翻譯原翻譯原文及譯文文及譯文 Weld robot application present condition According to incompletely statistics,the whole world about has in the industrial robot of service nearly half of industrial robots is used for multiform weld to process realm,weld robot of application in mainly have two kinds of methods mo

2、st widespreadly,then order Han and electricity Hu Han.What we says welding robot is in fact welding to produce realm to replace a welder to be engaged in the industrial robot of welding the task.These weld to have plenty of to design for being a certain to weld a way exclusively in the robot of,but

3、majority ofly weld robot in fact is an in general use industrial robot to pack up a certain weld tool but constitute.In many task environments,a set robot even can complete include weld at inside of grasp a thing,porterage,install,weld,unload to anticipate etc.various tasks,robot can request accordi

4、ng to the procedure with task property and automatically replace the tool on the robot wrist,the completion corresponds of task.Therefore,come up to say from a certain meaning,the development history of industrial robot is the development history that welds robot.Know to all,weld to process to reque

5、st that welder have to have well-trained operation technical ability,abundant fulfillment experience,stability of weld level;It is still a kind of labor condition bad,many smoke and dust,hot the radiation is big,risk Gao of work.The emergence of the industrial robot makes people naturally thought of

6、 first the handicraft that replace a person with it welds and eases the welders labor strength,can also promise to weld quality and exaltation to weld an efficiency at the same time.However,weld again with other industry process process different,for example,electricity Hu Han process in,drive welde

7、r piece because of part heat melt with cool off creation transform,the Han sews of the track will therefore take place to change.Handicraft Han the experienced welder can sew position according to the actual Han observed by eyes adjustment Han in good time the position,carriage of the gun and run ab

8、out of speed to adapt to the variety that the Han sews a track.However the robot want to adapt to this kind of variety,have to the position and status of gun that want tosee this kind of to change,then adopt homologous measure to adjust Han like person first,follow while carrying out to sew actually

9、 to the Han.Because the electricity Hu welds to have in process strong arc light,give or get an electric shock Hu noise,smoke and dust and Rong drop transition unsteady and causable Han silk short circuit,big electric current strong magnetic field plicated environment factor of existence,the robot w

10、ants to examine and identifies a withdrawing of the signal characteristic needed for sewing Han and dont seem to be industrial the other in the manufacturing to process the examination of process so easily,therefore,welding the application of robot is to used for to give or get an electric shock the

11、 process of Hu Han in the beginning.Actually,industrial robot at welded the application of realm to produce on-line electric resistance to order a Han beginning from the car assemble at the earliest stage.The reason lies in the process that the electric resistance orders Han opposite more simple,con

12、trol convenient,and not need Han to sew a track follow,to the accuracy of the robot and repeat the control of accuracy have lower request.Order the Han robot assembles to produce a great deal of on-line application to consumedly raise the rate of production that the car assemble welds and weld quali

13、ty in the car,at the same time again have a gentle characteristics for welding,then want only change procedure,can produce in the same on-line carry on assemble to weld to different cars type.BE born till the beginning of this 80s in century from the robot,the robot technique experienced a developme

14、nt process of long term slowness.90s,along with the rapid development of calculator technique,micro-electronics technique,and network technique.etc.,the robot technique is also flown soon a development.The manufacturing level,control speed and control accuracy and dependable sex etc.of industrial ro

15、bot continuously raises,but manufacturing cost and price of robot continuously descend.Is social in the west,with contrary robot price BE,the persons labor force cost contains the trend to continuously increase.United Nations European Economic Committee(UNECE)statisticses from the variety curve of 1

16、990-2000 years of the robot price index number and labor force cost index number.Among them the robot price of 1990 index number and labor force cost the index number is all reference to be worth 100,go to 2000,labor force cost index number is 140,increased 40%;But robot under the sistuation that co

17、nsider a quality factor the price index number is lower than 20,lowered 80%,under the sistuation that take no account of a quality factor,the price index number of robot is about 40,lowered 60%.Here,the robot price that takes no account of a quality factor means actual price of the robot of now with

18、 compared in the past;And consider that the quality factor means because the robot make the exaltation of craft technique level,manufacturing quality and function of robot even if want also under the condition of equal price compare high before,therefore,if pressed the past robot equaled quality and

19、 function to consider,the price index number of robot should be much lower.Can see from here,national in the west,because the exaltation of labor force cost brings not small pressure for business enterprise,but the lowering of robot price index number coincidentally expands application to bring a ch

20、ance further for it again.Reduce the equipments investment of employee and increment robot,when their expenses attains some one balance point,the benefit of adoption robot obviously wants to compare to adopt the benefit that the artificial brings big,it on the other hand can consumedly raise the aut

21、omation level of producing the equipments and raise to labor rate of production thus,at the same time again can promote the product quality of business enterprise,raise the whole competition ability of business enterprise.Although robot 1 time invests a little bit greatly,its daily maintenance and c

22、onsume is more opposite than its to producing far is smaller than completing the artificial expenses that the same task consumes.Therefore,from farsighted see,the production cost of product also consumedly lowers.But the robot price lower to make some small and medium enterprises invest to purchase

23、robot to become easy to accomplish.Therefore,the application of industrial robot is soon flown a development in every trade.According to the UNECE statistics,the whole world has 750,000 in 2001 set the industrial robot is used for industry manufacturing realm,among them 389,000 in Japan,198,000 in E

24、U,90,000 in North America,73,000 at rest nation.Go to at the end of 2004 the whole world to have at least in the industrial robot of service about 1,000,000.Because the robot controls the exaltation of speed and accuracy and particularly give or get an electric shock the development that the Hu spre

25、ads a feeling machine to combine to weld in the robot in get an application,make the robot give or get an electric shock the Han of Hu Han to sew a track to follow and control a problem to some extent and get very solution,the robot welds in the car to make the medium application orders Han to soon

26、develop into the car zero from originally more single car assemble partses and electricity Hu within assemble process Han.Robots giving or getting an electric shock the biggest characteristics of Hu Han is gentle,can immediately pass to weave a distance at any time a change to weld a track and weld

27、sequence,therefore most be applicable to quilt welder piece the species variety is big,the Han sew short but many,product with complicated shape.This at the right moment again characteristics according to car manufacturing.Being the renewal speed of the particularly modern social car style is very q

28、uick,adopting the car production line of robot material can nicely adapt to this kind of variety.Moreover,robots giving or getting an electric shock Hu Han not only used for a car manufacturing industry,but also can used for other manufacturing industries that involve to give or get an electric shoc

29、k Hu Han,like shipbuilding,motorcycle vehicle,boiler,heavy type machine etc.Therefore,the robot gives or gets an electric shock the application of Hu Han gradually extensive,on the amount greatly have exceed the robot order the power of Han.Along with car reducing in weight manufacturing the technic

30、al expansion,some high strong metal alloy materials and light metal alloy material(is like aluminum metal alloy,and magnesium metal alloy.etc.)get an application in the material in the car structure.These materials welding usually can not solve with the welding of tradition method,have to adopt to l

31、ately weld a method and weld a craft.Among them,Gao power laser Han and agitation rub Han etc.to have to develop a potential most.Therefore,robot and Gao power laser Han and agitation rub combining of Han to become inevitable trend.Be like the public in Shanghai to wait domestic to most have the car

32、 manufacturer of real strenght in fact at their new car type manufacturing process in have already in great quantities used robot laser to weld.Give or get an electric shock Hu Han to compare with robot,robot laser the Han of the Han sews to follow accuracy to have higher request.According to the ge

33、neral request,the robot gives or gets an electric shock the Han of Hu Han(include GTAW and GMAW)to sew to follow accuracy to control in 1|of the electrode or the Han silk diameter 2 in,at have the condition that fill the silk under the Han sew to follow accuracy to loosen appropriately.But to laser

34、Han,the laser projects light upon the light spot in the work piece surface while welding diameter usually at 0.6 in,is farer small than Han silk diameter(be usually bigger than 1.0),but the laser weld usually and not add to fill Han silk,therefore,the laser is welding if only the spot position has a

35、 little bit deviation,then will result in to be partial to Han and leak Han.Therefore,the robot laser of the public in Shanghais car car crest Han in addition to pack in the work tongs up adopt measure to prevent from welding to transform,still just the robot laser Han gun front installed the high a

36、ccuracy laser of SCOUT company in Germany to spread a feeling machine to used for Han to sew a following of track.The structure form of industrial robot is a lot of,in common usely have right angle to sit mark type,flexible type,and crawl along type.etc.by mark type,many joints by mark type,surface

37、of sphere by mark type,pillar noodles,according to different use still at continuously development in.It is many robots of joint types of the mimicry persons arm function to weld what robot can adopt a different structure form according to the applied situation of dissimilarity,but use at most curre

38、ntly,this because the arm vivid of many joint type robots is the biggest,it can make space position and carriage of Han gun adjust into arbitrarily the status weld by satisfying a demand.Theoretically speak,the joint of robot is many more,the freedom degree is also many more,the joint redundancy deg

39、ree is big more,and the vivid is good more;But also go against the sitting of kinetics control of marking the transformation and each joint position for robot to bring complexity at the same time.Because weld to usually need in the process with the space right angle sit to mark the Han on the repres

40、entative work piece to sew position conversion for the Han gun carry the space position and carriage of department and pass robot again go against the kinetics compute a conversion for to the control of robot each joint angle position,but the solution of this transformation process usually isnt uniq

41、ue,the redundancy degree is big,solve more many more.How select by examinations the steady that the quite the cheese solution welds to exercise in the process to the robot very important.Different treatment of system to this problem of the robot control doesnt exert a homology.Is general to come to

42、speak,have 6 controls request of positions and space carriages that the robots of joints basically can satisfy a Han gun,3 among those freedoms degree(XYZ)space position used for controling a Han gun to carry a department,another 3 freedom degrees(ABC)are used for the space carriage that controls a

43、Han gun.Therefore,currently weld robot majority as 6 joint types.For some weld situation,work piece because of leading big or the space is several what the shape is too complicated,make the Han gun of welding the robot can not arrive appointed Han to sew position or Han gun carriage,have to pass the

44、 freedom degree of the way increment robot of increasing 13 exterior stalks at this time.Usually have two kinds of way of doings:One is the orbit that the robot Be packed to to move small car or Dragon gate up,the homework space of extension robot;Two is to let the work piece move or turn,make work

45、piece up of weld the homework space that the part gets into robot.Also have of adopt two kinds of above-mentioned ways at the same time,let the welding of work piece part and robots all be placed in the best weld position.Weld the plait distance of robot method currently still with on-line show and

46、teach a way(Teach-in)is lord,but wove the interface ratio of distance machine to have many improvements in the past,particularly is the adoption of LCD sketch monitor and make and weld the plait distance of the robot interface lately gradually friendly,operation more easy.However robot plait distanc

47、e Hans sewing the key point on the track to sit to mark position still have to pass to show to teach the way how to obtain,then deposit the sport instruction of procedure.This sews track to some Hans of complicated shapes to say,have to cost a great deal of time to show to teach and lowered the use

48、efficiency of robot thus and also increased the labor strength of weaving the distance personnel.The method that solves currently includes 2 kinds:One is show to teach a plait distance just rough obtain a few Hans to sew a few keys on the track to order,then spread a feeling machine(usually is give

49、or get an electric shock Hu to spread feeling machine or laser sense of vision to spread a feeling machine)through the sense of vision of welding the robot of auto follow the actual Han sew a track.Although this way still cans not get away from to show to teach a plait distance,this way cans ease to

50、 show the strength of teaching the plait distance to some extent and raises to weave a distance efficiency.But because of the characteristics of electricity Hu Han,the sense of vision of robot spreads a feeling machine be not sew forms to all apply to all Hans.Two is the way that adopts a completely

51、 off-line plait distance,make the robot weld drawing up of procedure and Han to sew a track to sit to mark adjusting of obtaining of position,and procedure to try all to compute in a set to independently complete on board,dont need participation of robot.Robot off-line plait distance as early as sev

52、eral years ago have,just in order to being subjected to restriction of the calculator function at that time,off-line plait distance software with text originally way is lord,wove a distance member to need to acquaint with the all instruction systems and phrasing of robot,also needed to know how made

53、 sure that the space position that the Han sews a track sits a mark,therefore,wove a distance work to not and easily save time.Along with exaltation and calculator of the calculator function 3D sketch technical development,present robot off-line plait distance system majority can under the 3D sketch

54、 environment movement,the plait distance interface amity,convenience,and,obtaining Han to sew a sitting of track to mark position usually can adopt the way of conjecture show to teach(virtual Teach-in),using a mouse to easily click the welding of work piece in the 3D virtual environment the part can

55、 immediately the space acquiring the sit a mark;In some systems,can sew directly born Han of position to sew a track through the Han that define in advance in the CAD sketch document,then the automatically born robot procedure combines to download robot to control system.Thus and consumedly raised t

56、he plait distance of the robot efficiency,also eased the labor strength of weaving the distance member.Currently,it is international to there have been using an off-line plait distance of robot according to the company of common PC machine on the market software.It is like Workspace5,and RobotStudio

57、.etc.Figure 9 show develop by oneself for the writer of according to PC of 3D can see to turn an off-line plait distance of robot system.The system can IRB140 robots aiming at ABB company carry on an off-line plait distance,the Han in the procedure sews a track to pass conjecture to show to teach to

58、 acquire,and can let the robot press the track in the procedure to imitate sport in the 3D sketch environment,examine its accuracy and rationality with this.The procedure woven can pass a network directly the download to the robot controller.The industrial robot of our country75 science and technolo

59、gies offend a pass to start starting from the 80s,currently already basic control a robot operation of the design manufacturing of the machine technique,control system hardware and software to design technique,kinetics and track to program a technique,gave birth to parts of robot key dollar spare pa

60、rt,develop to spray a paint,Hu Han and order robots,such as Han,assemble and porterage.etc.;The robot of Hu Han has already applied in the Han of car manufactory to pack on-line.But total of come to see,our country of industrial robot technique and it engineering application of level and abroad than

61、 still have certain distance,such as:Credibility low outside the country product;The robot application engineering starts a little bit late and apply realm narrow,production line system technique and abroad than have a margin;The applied scale is small,didnt form robot industry.The robot of the curr

62、ent our country the production is all request that applies a door,list door the single time re-design,the species specification is many,small batch quantity,zero partses are in general use to turn degree low,provide a goods period long,the cost is not low either,and the quality,credibility is unstea

63、dy.Consequently and urgently need to solve industry to turn an ex-key technique for expecting,Be to the product carry on programing completely,make good series to turn,in general use turn,the mold piece turn a design and actively push forward industry to turn progress.3,weld robot development trend

64、The international robot boundaries are enlarging a research,carry on robot currently total technical research.The development trend sees from the robot technique,weld robot similar to the other industrial robot,continuously turn to the intelligence and diversify a direction to develop.Is concrete bu

65、t talk,performance in as follows a few aspects:1).The robot operates machine structure:Pass a limited dollar the analysis and mold Tai analyze and imitate the usage of true design etc.modern design method and carry out robot operation organization of excellent turn a design.Quest high strength light

66、 quality material,raise a load further|hold with dignity a ratio.For example,take Germanys KUKA company as the representatives robot company,have already merged robot the parallelogram structure change to opening chain structure and expand the work scope of robot,the application of light quality aluminum metal alloy material add,consumedly raise the function of robot.The RV that in addition adopts a forerunner decelerates a machine and communicates servo electrical engineering,make robot operati