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哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要:
汽車變速器發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了100 多年,從最初采用側(cè)鏈傳動(dòng)到手動(dòng)變速器到現(xiàn)在的液力自動(dòng)變速器和電控機(jī)械式自動(dòng)變速器,再向無級(jí)自動(dòng)變速器方向發(fā)展。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的心臟,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力必須經(jīng)過傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)才能驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的心臟是變速器。由于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩的變化范圍小,而汽車行駛速度的變化范圍廣,所以一開始傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)就設(shè)置了變速器。變速器的作用: ①改變汽車的傳動(dòng)比,擴(kuò)大驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速的范圍,使車輛適應(yīng)各種變化的行駛工況,同時(shí)使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在理想的工況下工作; ② 在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩方向不變的前提下,實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車的倒退行駛; ③實(shí)現(xiàn)空擋,中斷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)傳遞給車輪的動(dòng)力,使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能夠起動(dòng)、怠速。100 多年中,變速器經(jīng)歷了用變速桿改變鏈條的傳動(dòng)比→手動(dòng)變速器→有級(jí)自動(dòng)變速器→無級(jí)自動(dòng)變速器的發(fā)展歷程。
關(guān)鍵詞: 汽車；變速器；工作原理；發(fā)展歷史；發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
Abstract
The development of auto transmission has experienced more than 100 years’ history, from the initial use of side-chain drive to the manual transmission, to the current hydraulic. Automatic transmission and electronically controlled automatic mechanical transmission, to the no-class automatic transmission direction. The engine is the heart of the car. The power of the engine transmission system must drive the wheels turning. Transmission System is the heart of transmission. As the engine speed and torque are on the scope of the changes, but vehicle’s speed and scope of change, so at beginning on the transmission system set up a transmission. The role of the transmission : ① change the transmission ratio of motor vehicles, wheel drive torque to expand the scope and speed to adapt to changes in the vehicle driving cycle, at the same time it can make the engine in good working condition; ② not in the direction of engine torque. Under the premise of change, it can make cars on the retrogression; ③ achieve in neutral gear, interrupted the power of the wheels transmission by the engine so that the engine can start, idling. More than 100 years, the transmission has changed from Bian Sugan → the chain of transmission ratio → manual transmission → a class-automatic transmission → no class automatic transmission → course of development.
Keywords: Automotive; transmission; principle; history of development; development trend
目錄
摘 要............................................................I
第1章 緒論......................................................1
1.1. 課題的目的和意義.........................................1
1.2. 課題研究的現(xiàn)狀...........................................1
1.3. 變速器的設(shè)計(jì)思想.........................................2
1.4. 研究的主要工作內(nèi)容.......................................2
第2章 變速器設(shè)計(jì)的總體方案......................................4
2.1. 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù).................................................4
2.2. 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)布置方案分析,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4
2.3. 變速器基本參數(shù)的確定,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6
第3章 主要零部件的設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,11
3.1. 齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)及校核,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,11
3.1.1. 齒輪參數(shù)確定及各檔齒輪齒數(shù)分配,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,11
3.1.2. 齒輪強(qiáng)度計(jì)算,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,18
3.1.3. 變速器齒輪的材料及熱處理,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21
3.2. 軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21
3.2.1. 初選軸的直徑.......................................21
3.2.2. 軸的剛度計(jì)算.......................................22
3.2.3. 軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算.......................................31
第4章 同步器的選擇.............................................37
4.1. 慣性式同步器............................................37
4.1.1. 鎖環(huán)式同步器的機(jī)構(gòu).................................37
4.1.2. 鎖環(huán)式同步器的工作原理.............................38
4.1.3. 鎖環(huán)式同步器主要尺寸的確定.........................38
4.2. 主要參數(shù)的確定..........................................39
4.2.1 摩擦因數(shù) f..........................................39
4.2.2 同步環(huán)主要尺寸的確定................................40
4.2.3 鎖止角β............................................41
4.2.4 同步時(shí)間............................................41
4.2.5 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的計(jì)算......................................42
第5章 變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇和箱體設(shè)計(jì)原則.......................43
5.1. 變速器操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇....................................43
5.2. 變速器箱體設(shè)計(jì)原則......................................43
致 謝...........................................................44
參考文獻(xiàn)........................................................45
IV