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1、狀語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，按意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。 從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)，放在句末時(shí)，從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。 （1）when, as, while （從屬連詞） when即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如： When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同時(shí)） When the lesson was over,

2、 we began our writing.（從句動(dòng)作在前）1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once,the moment, immediately, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, by the time, every time, last time等引導(dǎo)。 as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 H e hurried home, looking behind as he went. I saw

3、 your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. H e sang as he walked.While：指的是“在某一時(shí)間里”，“在 期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。如： While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition. 當(dāng)when, as, while表示“在一段時(shí)間里”，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如： Whil

4、e (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.*when 可表示“如果”。如：Dont be afraid of asking for help_ it is needed. (03全國(guó)）A. Unless B. since C. although D. when*while可表示“雖然，盡管”。如：1)_ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.(04浙江）A. While B. Since C.

5、As D. If 2)_ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.(04江蘇）A. While B. Since C. Before D. UnlessWhen和while（并列連詞），while表示對(duì)照的意思。When 表示“這時(shí)，突然”1) I do every single bit of housework_ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.(04廣西） A. since B. while C. when D. as2) H e was

6、about to tell me the secret_ some one patted him on the shoulder. (02上海） A. as B. until C. while D. when 3) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.(04北京春招） A.When B. while C. until D. before 4) Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park_she was bitten on the leg by

7、a lion.(04上海） A. When B. while C. since D. before(2)till和until 如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到為止”。如： I worked till (until) he came back.1) A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.(03上海） A. when B. unless C. after D. until2) We were told that we

8、 should follow the main road _we reached the central railway station.(04遼寧） A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用否定式的主句表示“直到才”。如：I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用 until。如：Until he returns, nothing can be done.3) -Was his father very strict with him when he

9、 was at school? -Yes. H e had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.(03春招） A. after B. unless C. until D. when4) Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.(NMET95)A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did re

10、alize D. didnt the villagers realize *如果before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成“在之前”，而要譯成“就”、“才” 等。如：The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.H e almost knocked me down before he saw me.1) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.(00全國(guó)） A. a

11、s B. since C. until D. before2) H e made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.(03北京） A. until B. when C. before D. as(3)before “在之前”Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say. 3) Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possibl

12、e to test this medicine on human patients.(04福建） A. since B. after C. before D. when4)It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.(04天津） A. that B. until C. since D. before(4) by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, soon after, shortly afte

13、r都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics. Each time he came, he would call on me. You must show him in immediately he comes. I recognized him the moment I saw him. 注意：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用任何一種將來(lái)時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。- Did you remember to give Mary the money you

14、 owed her?- Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her.(01全國(guó)春招） A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 2、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo)。如：G o back where you came from.Wherever you go, you must write to your parents.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is too much, the poison and waste may do g

15、reat harm to the things around us.1) The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.(02上海春招） A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever2) She found her calculator _ she lost it.(00上海） A. where B. when C. in which D. that 3、原因狀語(yǔ)從句：通常由連詞：because, as, since, now that引導(dǎo)。注意： 在強(qiáng)調(diào)

16、句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用as或 since，如： It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. because可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,而 as, since不可以，這時(shí)狀語(yǔ)一 般都是it, this, that Its because he is too lazy. for也表示“因?yàn)椤?，但是并?連詞，它連接的不是狀語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)。 It must be morning,for the birds are singing. 1) Parents should take seriously their chi

17、ldrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.(04上海） A. because B. though C. unless D. if 2) The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _ they will save us money in the long run.(00全國(guó)春招） A. or B. since C. for D. but 4、目的狀語(yǔ)從句： 通常由that, so that, in order that, sotha

18、t, lest, in case（以防、免得）等引導(dǎo)： H e got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. She married him so that she might tend and comfort him. I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.注意: 目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 *lest (以免，免得), for fear that I

19、 hid the book lest (=for fear that) he should see it. 1) John shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.(02全國(guó)） A. which B. when C. so that D. as if2) Roses need special care_ they can live through winter.(04全國(guó)） A. because B. so that C. even f D. as 3) Sall

20、y worked late in the evening to finish her report _ her boss could read it first next morning.(03北京春招） A. so that B. because C. before D. or else 5、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句： It was very cold, so that the river froze. The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts. There were so many people (=suc

21、h a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in. H e made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.由that, so that, sothat, suchthat引導(dǎo)： 6、條件狀語(yǔ)從句: 由 if, unless, so/as long as (只要), so/as far as, in case (that) (如果，萬(wàn)一)等引導(dǎo)： If plastics and rubber are burned, they give off poisonous ga

22、ses. You can go out, as long as (so long as ) you promise to be back before eleven. In case I forget, please remind me about that.注意：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái) 時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。As far as I can tell , the whole thing should cost about $500. Unless you work hard, you will fail, 1) John may phone tonight.

23、 I dont want to go out _ he phones.(00全國(guó)） A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that2) The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. (00全國(guó)） A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though3) The men will have to wait all day _ the docto

24、r works faster.(01全國(guó)春招） A. if B. unless C. whether D. that4) _you can call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre.(04吉林） A. Though B. Whether C. until D. Unless5) You will succeed in the end_ you give up halfway.(01上海春招） A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 6) _ I know the

25、 money is safe, I shall not worry about it.(03北京） A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While7) - H ow far apart do they live? - _ I know, they live in the same neighborhood. (03上海） A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as8) _ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away

26、 from the danger.(04北京春招） A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 7、方式狀語(yǔ)從句：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.H e heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything. as if和as though意義和用

27、法大致一樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。H e treats me as if I were his own son.H e walked as if he were drunk. 由連詞：as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)： 8、比較狀語(yǔ)從句：由連詞asas, not so(as) as, than等引導(dǎo)：I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area. No one can be

28、 more fit for his office than he is. H e cant run so fast as she.注意：“the+比較級(jí)(接從句)，the+比較級(jí)(接主句)，這一句型也歸在比較狀語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)。如： The more you study, the more you know. The harder we work, the happier we feel. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _ . (02上海） A. the more for li

29、fe are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life 9、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：由though, although, as (雖然盡管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether引導(dǎo).1) Though he is old, yet he is active.2) Although most of the people agr

30、eed, some were not willing to accepted.3) Proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me.We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.4) Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome.5) Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study.6) Take the

31、one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is. 7) No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.8) Whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.注意： （1）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時(shí)還可以插在主句中間，前置時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。 （2）though與although同義，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不

32、能與but連用，但可以與yet, still等連用，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working. （3）as, however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)從句部分語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。如：Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language. （表語(yǔ)提前）You should report any incident, however serous or minor it is. （表語(yǔ)提前）Child as he was, he ha

33、d to support the family.（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞）Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.（動(dòng)詞提前）We ll have to finish the job, however long it takes.I really want the car, however much it costs.(副詞提前） 1) _, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.(01上海） A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that

34、I have traveled to much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I gave traveled to much2) Mr. H all understands that _ math has always been easy for him, it is not easy for the students.(03北京） A. unless B. since C. although D. when3) - Dad, Ive finished my assignment. - G ood, and _ you play or watch TV, y

35、ou mustnt disturb me.(03 上海） A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter4) You can eat food free in my restaurant_ you like. (04 重慶） A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 5) _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.(04上海） A.H owever the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. H owever amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing6) You should try to get a good nights sleep_ much work you have to do.(04湖北） A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever