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1、非 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 中考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要有:1動(dòng)詞ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ);2動(dòng)詞ing和動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ);3動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ);4動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ);5固定短語(yǔ)搭配。 高頻考向一動(dòng)詞不定式1構(gòu)成:to動(dòng)詞原形,即:to do形式。其否定形式為:not to do。如:The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老師告訴我放學(xué)后完成我的家庭作業(yè)。2功能:動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。(1)作主語(yǔ)To help the old is ou
2、r duty.幫助老人是我們的職責(zé)。注意:動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),為了保持句子的平衡,往往用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把不定式短語(yǔ)置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。 “Its adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”。這一句型中常用表示性質(zhì)、品格的形容詞,常用的有g(shù)ood(好的),kind(友善的),nice(好的),polite(有禮貌的),clever(聰明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懶惰的),careful(細(xì)心的),careless(粗心的),right(正確的),wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)等。如:Its kind of you to help me.你幫了我,你真好。“Its adj.for
3、sb.不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)”。常用的形容詞有difficult(困難的),easy(容易的),hard(艱難的),dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的),safe(安全的),useful(有用的),pleasant(舒適的),interesting(有趣的)等。如:Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō),爬上那棵高樹是危 險(xiǎn)的。 (2)作表語(yǔ)To eat is to live,but to live is not to eat.吃飯是為了活著,但活著并不是為了吃飯。(3)作賓語(yǔ)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:decide(決定),expe
4、ct(期望),forget(忘記),hope(希望),pretend(假裝),try(盡力)等。如:I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行車。(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask(要求),tell(告訴),want(想要),teach(教),wish(希望),help(幫助),warn(警告),invite(邀請(qǐng)),encourage(鼓勵(lì))等。如:Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她的姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)。 She asked me to answer the phone while
5、 she was out.當(dāng)她出去的時(shí)候,她叫我接電話。 (5)作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),常置于被修飾名詞之后作后置定語(yǔ),且被修飾的名詞與不定式的動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或介賓關(guān)系。如:He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(動(dòng)賓)He has no friends to talk with.他沒(méi)有可以與之交談的朋友。(介賓)注意:當(dāng)不定式修飾的名詞是time,place或way時(shí),不定式后的介詞習(xí)慣省去。如:He had no place to live (in)他沒(méi)地方住。有些名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如:a chance to go to school上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)no
6、time to think about rest沒(méi)時(shí)間考慮休息 a way to learn (of learning) English學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的一種方法 (6)作狀語(yǔ)They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)他們跑過(guò)來(lái)歡迎我們。Paul is too excited to say anything.(表結(jié)果)保羅激動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉打擾你?!咀⒁狻坑行﹦?dòng)詞不定式在使用時(shí),要省去to。具體有:在動(dòng)詞let,feel,see,look at,watch,have,make,notice,hear等動(dòng)詞后,動(dòng)詞不
7、定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要省略to。但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),省略的to要加上。如:I heard someone knock at the door.我聽到有人在敲門。We saw him enter the room.我們看到他進(jìn)了房間。在would you please,had better,why not,would rather等結(jié)構(gòu)的句型后,要用不帶to的不定式。如:Would you please make your bed?請(qǐng)整理下你的床,好嗎? Youd better go to bed early.你最好早點(diǎn)睡覺。 3特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式能接不定式的疑問(wèn)詞有:what,which,how,w
8、ho,when,where等。它們可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如:I dont know what to do.我不知道該做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道該怎么去做這事。I dont know what to do about it.關(guān)于這件事,我不知道該做些什么。The question is who to go.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)去。 【例1】 Our teacher often advises us _ the habit of making notes while reading.(2016,蘇州)Ato developBdevelopCto developi
9、ng Ddeveloping解析:advise后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),即advise sb. to do sth.,意為“建議某人做某事”。答案:_【例2】 My parents often tell me_too much junk food because its bad for my health.Anot eating Bnot to eatCeating Dto eat解析:tell sb.(not) to do sth.意為“告訴某人(不要)做某事”,動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ);由原因狀語(yǔ)從句的句意“因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)我的健康不利”可知,此 處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式。答案:_AB 【例3】The
10、 traffic signs warn people _ after drinking.Ato drive Bnot to driveCdriving Ddont drive解析:warn sb. to do sth.為固定搭配,意為“警告某人做某事”,其否定形式為warn sb. not to do sth.。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,交通標(biāo)志應(yīng)是“警告人們不要酒后駕駛?!贝鸢福篲【例4】 Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?_abroad for further study.AGo BGone CTo go DGoes解析:疑問(wèn)詞why用于提問(wèn)原因,動(dòng)詞
11、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表示目的,回答原因。 答案:_BC 【例5】 Ill have a tenday holiday.But I dont know _.How about Paris?(2016,成都)Awhat do to Bwhere to goCwhen to go解析:what to do“做什么”;where to do“去哪里”;when to go“何時(shí)去”。由第一句句意“我將有一個(gè)10天的假期”和答語(yǔ)句意“巴黎怎么樣?”可推知,空格所在句意為“但我不知道去哪里?!贝鸢福篲B 高頻考向二動(dòng)詞ing形式動(dòng)詞ing具有名詞的性質(zhì),在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如:Saying
12、so much is useless.說(shuō)那么多沒(méi)用。(主語(yǔ))My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的樂(lè)趣是旅游。(表語(yǔ))She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜愛看電影。(賓語(yǔ))There is a swimming pool here.這兒有一個(gè)游泳池。(定語(yǔ))【注意】(1)初中階段常見的接動(dòng)詞ing的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有:enjoy(喜歡),finish(完成),keep(保持),practice(練習(xí)),mind(介意),suggest(建議),avoid(避免),be busy(忙于);be worth(值得),cant hel
13、p(禁不住),give up(放棄),be used to(習(xí)慣于),stop/prevent/keep.from(阻止),look forward to(盼望);feel like(想要);be good at(擅長(zhǎng));be interested in(對(duì) 感興趣);succeed in(成功)等。 【例6】 Isnt it strange that the cat is used to_(lie) beside the dog peacefully?解析:be used to意為“習(xí)慣于”,后接動(dòng)詞ing形式。答案:_【例7】 It is worth_(mention)that Nanji
14、ng has entered Top 10 Appealing Chinese Cities.解析:be worth意為“值得”,后接動(dòng)詞ing形式。答案:_【例8】 Would you mind_(turn) down the music?The baby is sleeping.解析:mind意為“介意”,后接動(dòng)詞ing形式。答案:_【例9】 Students in our class have finished_(read) the article. 解析:finish意為“完成”,后接動(dòng)詞ing形式。答案:_lyingmentioningturningreading 【例10】_ the meeting gave them a great deal of encouragement.AThe president will attendBThe president to attendCThe president attendDThe presidents attending解析:句意為“總統(tǒng)的參與(會(huì)議)給了他們極大的鼓勵(lì)。”句子缺少主語(yǔ),可用動(dòng)詞ing形式作主語(yǔ),也可用從句作主語(yǔ)。從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞不能省略。排除A、C兩項(xiàng);只有D項(xiàng)符合題意。答案:_D