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1、 如何寫指導(dǎo)性說明文說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式對(duì)事物的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、功能等進(jìn)行介紹，或是闡明事理，給人提供知識(shí)的一種文體。知識(shí)性、科學(xué)性是說明文的主要特點(diǎn)。指導(dǎo)性說明文屬于說明事理類文體，它旨在為讀者提供未知的知識(shí)和原 理，使讀者閱讀后對(duì)文章所寫事物有所了解，或掌握解決問題的方法，是一種實(shí)用性很強(qiáng)的文體。【寫作指導(dǎo)】1. 時(shí)態(tài)：說明文的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2. 語言：語言要準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)潔、周密。語言風(fēng)格可以生動(dòng)活潑，也可以平實(shí)簡(jiǎn)明，但必須以準(zhǔn)確為前提。 3. 結(jié)構(gòu)：先對(duì)需要說明的對(duì)象作總的概括介紹，然后導(dǎo)入具體的說明，也就是在文章開頭提出需要說明的事物或觀點(diǎn)，然后加以列舉說明，使文章表達(dá)清晰、條理

2、清楚、層次分明。 【常用表達(dá)】下列這些表達(dá)可以使你的說明更有條理：First, second, third, at last .First, next, then, finally .Firstly / First of all / To begin with, . Secondly, . Besides / In addition, . Last but not least . 結(jié)尾常用表達(dá)：We can draw the conclusion that .In short / In brief / In a word, .It seems clear that .We can know /

3、 learn that . 【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】假設(shè)你是李華，你們學(xué)校的英語網(wǎng)站正面向全校學(xué)生征集有關(guān)急救常識(shí)的英文稿件。請(qǐng)你給該網(wǎng)站投稿，介紹交通事故方面的急救常識(shí)。內(nèi)容包括：1. 首先保持鎮(zhèn)靜；2. 檢查傷者呼吸情況，呼吸困難要實(shí)施人工呼吸； 3. 如傷者有出血情況要用布按壓止血，然后等候救護(hù)車及警察的幫助。注意：1. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；2. 詞數(shù)不少于100。 【參考范文】First aid for accidentsIf we happen to witness an accident, what should we do to save other peoples lives?

4、 Knowing how to respond properly can make a big difference. Here are some rules that we can follow. First, we should stay calm. Next, we can ask simple questions such as “Are you OK?” to make the persons condition clear. Then, we need to check the persons breathing. If it is difficult for him to bre

5、athe, we should try to start his breathing right away with the mouth-to-mouth method. Also, if a person is bleeding, we need stop the bleeding by pressing on the wound with a clean cloth. All the above done, we can stay with the person until the police and ambulance arrive. 通過學(xué)習(xí)這篇寫作指導(dǎo)，你掌握指導(dǎo)性說明文的寫作方法

6、了嗎？試著根據(jù)要求自己寫一篇，然后與范文對(duì)照，找出其中的不足并加以改進(jìn)。相信你的寫作水平會(huì)越來越高！ Write a letter to your principal politely asking whether he or she could organize the first aid courses. Dear _, Our class has been studying a unit on first aid, _ _. Write your principals nameSay why the first aid unit has been useful.it has been v

7、ery useful because we have learnt about what to do to help someone who has had an accident Even though the unit has been very interesting and useful,_ _. Say why you would like a first aid course. we would like to be able to do a first aid course. A first aid course would give us information about m

8、any more situations. It would also give us information about many more situations. It would also give us the chance to practise first aid treatments. We would like to request that_. We think that a first aid course at the school _ .Yours sincerely,_ Say what you want the principal to do.Summarize wh

9、y a first aid course would be a good thing to do.Sign your names. the school organizes a first aid courseis a necessary part of our education and will make us more useful members of our society. Perhaps we will even save someones life one day Dear (your principals name), Our class has been studying

10、a unit on first aid. It has been very useful because we have learnt about what to do to help someone who has had an accident. Sample writing: Even though the unit has been very interesting and useful, we would like to be able to do a first aid course. A first aid course would give us information abo

11、ut many more situations. It would also give us the chance to practise first aid treatments. We would like to request that the school organizes a first aid course. We think that a first aid course at the school is a necessary part of our education and will make us more useful members of our society. Perhaps we will even save someones life one day.Yours sincerely,(Sign your names)