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1、 專題一名詞和冠詞 一、名詞的數(shù)名詞分類規(guī)則典例規(guī)則變化一般情況下在詞尾后加s dogs, houses以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞，先把y改成i，再加es universities, flies以元音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加s toys，boys 分類規(guī)則典例規(guī)則變化以s，sh，ch及x結(jié)尾的名詞，通常在詞尾加es (stomachs除外) watches, boxes以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加es heroes，tomatoes，potatoes部分以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加s photos，zoos，pianos 分類規(guī)則典例規(guī)則變化以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，通常將f或fe改成v，再加es th

2、ieves，wives, leaves部分以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式直接在詞尾加s roofs, chiefs, beliefs, proofs 分類規(guī)則典例不規(guī)則變化由man, woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是men 或women，但German的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans Englishmen，Englishwomen 分類規(guī)則典例不規(guī)則變化常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞clothes衣服， glasses眼鏡，trousers褲子， contents目錄， times時代，surroundings環(huán)境， manners禮貌，papers文件，試卷，論文 用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Th

3、e two _ (boy) are looking for those _ (toy) in the three _ (box) 2I took several _ (photo) in the two nearby _ (zoo) 3Two _ (German) are talking with two _(Englishman) about those two _(thief) who have stolen many _(tomato) 4Its bad _(manner) to laugh at people in public.【答案】1.boys; toys; boxes2.pho

4、tos; zoos3.Germans; Englishmen; thieves; tomatoes4.manners 二、名詞的格變化規(guī)則常用情況典例在名詞末尾加“s”構(gòu)成表示有生命的東西的所有格Marys mother 由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成表示無生命的東西的所有格the door of my room 變化規(guī)則常用情況典例溫馨提示表示“兩個人共有”時，需在最后一個名詞后加“s”；當(dāng)表示“兩個人各自有”時，兩個名詞后都要加“s”。Mary and Toms father瑪麗和湯姆的父親Marys and Toms fathers瑪麗的父親和湯姆的父親 單句改錯 1To tell the tru

5、th, my English is better than Tom.【答案】TomToms 2As far as Im concerned, the window from your house is too big.【答案】fromof 翻譯句子 3我哥哥的數(shù)學(xué)比他朋友的好，但比我姐姐的差。【答案】My brothers math is better than his friends, but worse than my sisters. 4雙胞胎張華和張麗的父親是一位醫(yī)生?！敬鸢浮縏he twins Zhang Hua and Zhang Lis father is a doctor. 三

6、、詞形變化在高考語法填空中經(jīng)常涉及形容詞或動詞與名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，應(yīng)引起考生的重視。在做題時，要特別注意名詞的數(shù)。 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Some schools will have to make _ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江 蘇 ) 2Just be _ (patience)I will look into the case as soon as possible. 3Due to the_ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases ca

7、n be treated at an early stage. 4The video，Under the Dome，has rapidly pushed the publics_(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference. 5_ (curious) is part of childrens nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything. 6How can I take the

8、medicine，sir?Just follow the _ (direct) on the bottle.【答案】1.adjustments2.patient3.application 4awareness5.Curiosity6.direction 一、定冠詞冠詞用法典例基本用法“the單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示一類事物The computer is widely used.特指談話雙方都知道或上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物There was a letter in the box. 用法典例基本用法在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫婦倆”，作主語時謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式The Smiths are l

9、eading a happy life.用于序數(shù)詞前表示順序This is the first time I have gone there. 用法典例基本用法用在方位詞、西洋樂器名詞前He was playing the violin in the south of the garden.用于世界上獨一無二的事物前The earth travels around the sun.用在世紀(jì)、年代、朝代名詞及逢十的數(shù)詞(表示某個年代)前in the 1990s; in the Tang dynasty 用法典例基本用法用在某些形容詞或分詞前，表示一類人，其謂語動詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)The young s

10、hould respect the old.用于“the發(fā)明物(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)” 中I dont know who invented the telephone.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前the Science Museum 用法典例基本用法定冠詞用于表示具體計量的結(jié)構(gòu)中，意思是“按計算，以計算”You will get paid by the day.句型 “動詞sb.介詞the表示身體某一部位的名詞”中的the不可用物主代詞代替He caught me by the arm.用于固定句型“The morethe more”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示“越越”The earlier, the bette

11、r. 用法典例基本用法與形容詞比較級連用，表示“兩者之中較的一個”He is the taller of the two boys.活用表示語言的名詞前一般不用冠詞，但后面如果出現(xiàn)language一詞，前面需加定冠詞the English (The English language) is widely used in the world. 根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空 1The little pupil took his grandma by _ arm and walked her across the street.(2015陜 西 ) 2_more learned a man is, _m

12、ore modest he usually becomes.(2015陜 西 ) 3Then, _ Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing _piano. 4In fact, _Chinese language is the most difficult one in the world. 5I think Tom is _cleverer of the two boys，who is _first to solve the problem. 6Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _Pacific

13、Ocean on his way to Java in_ thirteenth century.【答案】1.the2.The; the3.the; the4.the5.the; the 6the; the 二、不定冠詞用法典例基本用法用于單數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或事物A bird can fly.用于可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞前，表示未曾提到過的一人、事、物There is an apple on the desk.用來表示不確定的某一個，相當(dāng)于a certain Theres a Mr.White waiting for you.用于價格、數(shù)量、比率等，意為“一，每一”He was walking at

14、 4 miles an hour. 用法典例活用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物的名詞前面有修飾語時，可用不定冠詞a/an There was a full moon in the sky.在表示三餐、月份、季節(jié)的名詞前有形容詞修飾或表示特定含義時，可用不定冠詞After a quick lunch, he went on working. 用法典例活用抽象名詞具體化時，被具體化的名詞可與a/an連用a surprise/success /pride/pleasure/pity/failure/relief/concern/beauty“a/an序數(shù)詞”不表示排序，而表示“又一；再一”They wa

15、nt to try it a third time. 用法典例易錯點津用在以輔音音素(注意：不是輔音字母)開頭的單詞或字母之前，如：a university用在以元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)開頭的單詞或字母之前，如an 18yearold student 根據(jù)句意用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空 1Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be_ Beethoven.(2015四 川 ) 2I just heard _ bank where Dora works was robbed by _ gunman wearing a mask.(

16、2015重 慶 ) 3Have you got these jeans in _ larger size? This pair is _bit too small around my waist. 4The program Running Man in Zhejiang Satellite TV turned out_ success.Have you seen it? Its_ pity I havent.But I have_ rough idea of what it about. 5How nice_ jacket is!Thank you.I bought it on_ Intern

17、et. 6Beijings bid for_2022 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to new heights. 7Have you heard of _death of Nelson Mandela?Oh.Really? It will be_ shock to the world. 8Qingdao is _most beautiful coastal city and I want to visit it _second time. 9It was _ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _ night sky.【答案】1.a2.the; a3.a; a4.a; a; a5.the; the6.the7.the; a8.a; a9.a; the