機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯-位置指示器用于煉鋼爐液壓泥炮的設(shè)計(jì)【中文2430字】【PDF+中文WORD】,中文2430字,PDF+中文WORD,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì),外文,翻譯,位置,指示器,用于,煉鋼爐,液壓,設(shè)計(jì),中文,2430,PDF,WORD 【中文2430字】 位置指示器用于煉鋼爐液壓泥炮的設(shè)計(jì) 文摘:如何在煉鐵高爐設(shè)備中顯示液壓泥炮的位置準(zhǔn)確是一個(gè)大問題。在本文中液壓粘土的位置指標(biāo)基于渦輪流量傳感器和槍系統(tǒng)以AT89S52單身提出了處理器和一個(gè)誤差補(bǔ)償算法用于提高了測(cè)量精度。一個(gè)技術(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ)也描述。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)可以避免不良環(huán)境的影響,而高爐設(shè)備工作。 關(guān)鍵詞:液壓泥炮;位置指標(biāo);渦輪流傳感器;89s52;誤差補(bǔ)償;數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ)。 1介紹 當(dāng)鋼液從爐中流出,通過在耐火層里鉆一個(gè)洞。粘土槍是用來塞孔耐火粘土混合。有兩種粘土槍:電動(dòng)泥炮和在iron-melting高爐液壓泥炮設(shè)備。如今,廣泛使用的粘土槍后者為了工作的影響條件。當(dāng)鐵從煉鋼爐倒下來時(shí)爐、車間的溫度上升立即,空氣變得塵土飛揚(yáng),車間成為低能見度。一些機(jī)械的位置指標(biāo)等方軸指針,重錘指針和彈簧采用指針指示活塞在汽缸的位置。所有這些指標(biāo)低壽命;高故障比率和低由于糟糕的工作環(huán)境的靈活性條件。一個(gè)明顯的問題是,數(shù)據(jù)不能被記錄,所以很難說誰是罪魁禍?zhǔn)子幸粋€(gè)事故。在本文中,指標(biāo)體系為數(shù)據(jù)采集提供了一個(gè)框架,處理和監(jiān)控已被研究和應(yīng)用在煉鋼高爐液壓泥炮系統(tǒng)爐。 2原則、框架和問題 2.1系統(tǒng)原理 考慮工作的不良影響條件、渦輪流量傳感器用來獲得活塞的間接信息。渦輪流傳感器是用于水流入或損失測(cè)量。渦輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)頻率(F)與流量成正比的速度(V)即數(shù)量(Q)液體流動(dòng)的相應(yīng)氣缸的一部分。在每個(gè)渦輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)傳感器發(fā)送通過電纜脈沖計(jì)數(shù)器。然后氣缸的容積可以得到的脈沖數(shù)。K = F / Q或K = N / V(1),增殖系數(shù)代表的數(shù)量的輸出脈沖傳輸每加侖的液體通過渦輪流量計(jì)。每個(gè)渦輪機(jī)都有一個(gè)獨(dú)特的增殖系數(shù)。N代表了總脈沖數(shù)。每一個(gè)脈沖生成代表一個(gè)離散量的體積吞吐量。 2.2系統(tǒng)框架 在此系統(tǒng)中,兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的單向的閥門和傳感器安裝在管道系統(tǒng)流量的信息數(shù)據(jù)采樣、處理、在單片機(jī)顯示和交通管理。一個(gè)上電腦是用于監(jiān)視當(dāng)前工作地位和在線或離線達(dá)達(dá)處理。兩種顯示用于運(yùn)營商。系統(tǒng)的主要框架如下: 圖1 框架的位置指標(biāo) 核心系統(tǒng)組件的詳細(xì)以下描述的專業(yè)子系統(tǒng)形成了功能齊全的操作環(huán)境。 2.3主要問題 采用渦輪流量傳感器可以逃避可怕的環(huán)境,但也會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些問題 1) 如何避免由于舍入誤差編程和彌補(bǔ)差距之間的來回運(yùn)動(dòng)的活塞將兩個(gè)傳感器的區(qū)別是主要的系統(tǒng)的問題。 2) 系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該是簡(jiǎn)單和容易操作沒有帶來了復(fù)雜性主系統(tǒng)。 3) 集成系統(tǒng)應(yīng)包括數(shù)據(jù)采樣、處理、顯示和監(jiān)控。 3降低電腦 3.1系統(tǒng)的工作模式 該系統(tǒng)可以在三個(gè)不同的操作根據(jù)不同的工作時(shí)間模式液壓泥炮。 a、校準(zhǔn)模式。這使得系統(tǒng)普遍的。缸的總脈沖數(shù)在這種模式下獲得的。 b、填塞模式。在這種模式下,工人的東西汽缸的粘土緊張的方式。的信息可以看到活塞的裝載機(jī)、運(yùn)營商和監(jiān)視器。 c、擠壓模式。在這種模式下,工人出鐵口擠出的泥醬。主要的和在這種模式下,也重要的數(shù)據(jù)采樣被顯示。 3.2控制器Block-Diagram 核心處理單元是基于法。法是一種低功耗、高性能CMOS 8位單片機(jī)8 kb字節(jié)的細(xì)節(jié)可編程閃存。的以AT89S52還提供了以下特點(diǎn):8 k32字節(jié)的flash,256字節(jié)的內(nèi)存,I / O線,看門狗定時(shí)器,兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)指針,三個(gè)16位定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器,six-vector兩級(jí)中斷架構(gòu),一個(gè)全雙工串行端口,芯片上振蕩器和時(shí)鐘電路。系統(tǒng)的控制器block-diagram一樣 如下: 圖2 控制器block-diagram 整個(gè)控制block-diagram由以下元素:的誕生是用來獲得的信息數(shù)量的液體和發(fā)送脈沖。-AT89S52用于控制數(shù)據(jù)流搗固、擠壓和校準(zhǔn)和給予適當(dāng)?shù)男畔@示、報(bào)警和與上面的電腦交流。——RS232和RS485通信協(xié)議用于數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。在此系統(tǒng)中,使用兩種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是在里面,外面,另一個(gè)是。 3.3傳輸數(shù)據(jù)上電腦 使系統(tǒng)更普遍,RS232并采用RS485通信協(xié)議。RS232提供單端數(shù)據(jù)通信發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)之間相對(duì)緩慢數(shù)據(jù)速率(115 k位/秒)和短距離(50英尺的最大數(shù)據(jù)速率)。RS485鏈接提供更多的遠(yuǎn)距離通信的可靠性高速工業(yè)工廠。采用RS485需要安裝一個(gè)RS485通信協(xié)議接口擴(kuò)展槽的計(jì)算機(jī)或轉(zhuǎn)換信號(hào)出來的RS232水平計(jì)算機(jī)串口的RS485信號(hào)。一個(gè)介紹RS232 / RS485轉(zhuǎn)換器系統(tǒng)。 3.4實(shí)現(xiàn)的軟件 軟件部分可以包括幾個(gè)部分:計(jì)算、計(jì)算、通信和監(jiān)控。 3.4.1校準(zhǔn) 總脈沖數(shù)是不同的不同的氣缸。校準(zhǔn)過程單向的總脈沖數(shù)的移動(dòng)活塞。用于提高平均計(jì)算系統(tǒng)的精度。如果總步數(shù)安排,用于的步長(zhǎng)數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)器的初始計(jì)算數(shù)量和剩余將獲得的數(shù)量?？赡苡袃蓚€(gè)不同初始統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字分開計(jì)數(shù)器用于或移動(dòng)因?yàn)閱为?dú)的渦輪傳感器。方法之一的程序流程圖如下: 圖3 校正流程圖 3.4.2計(jì)數(shù) 課程,一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器(T0)隨活塞的口液壓泥炮,而落后的計(jì)數(shù)器(T1)增加與活塞撤退計(jì)數(shù)器(T0)保持相同。 計(jì)數(shù)器(T0)的程序如下: T0INT:… INC 5布式硬度 INC 31H;當(dāng)前步驟注冊(cè)、低一些 INC 6AH;臨時(shí)步驟注冊(cè) MOV A,31H CJNE A,#00H,DDD0 INC 30H;當(dāng)前步驟注冊(cè)、高一些 3.4.3誤差補(bǔ)償 圖4 提出賠償 以下使用誤差補(bǔ)償來彌補(bǔ)在計(jì)算剩余數(shù)量的影響。如果號(hào)碼分配100步,是肯定的脈沖的數(shù)量并不總是整數(shù)和每一步剩余數(shù)量可能被忽略。這是說, 總計(jì)算步驟是低于實(shí)際的步驟。一旦活塞一次又一次,一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤將會(huì)發(fā)生。一個(gè)誤差補(bǔ)償算法介紹了向前和向后運(yùn)動(dòng)。一個(gè)臨時(shí)步驟注冊(cè)使用的在活塞補(bǔ)償計(jì)算每個(gè)脈沖移動(dòng)。曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)補(bǔ)償步驟,清除臨時(shí)寄存器,步重新開始計(jì)數(shù)準(zhǔn)備下一個(gè)補(bǔ)償。向前,反向補(bǔ)償流程圖如下: 圖5 落后補(bǔ)償 3.4.4監(jiān)控 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是用來好好利用歷史和當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)和給予指令來操作和管理。Auto-analysis歷史數(shù)據(jù)將提供最佳的填料和擠壓。的優(yōu)化過程也可以人工完成。 4數(shù)據(jù)分析 在系統(tǒng)中,提出了兩種類型的數(shù)據(jù)處理,使之更普遍。一個(gè)是spot-workers,這使得他們操作操縱桿正確。另一個(gè)是為經(jīng)理人員進(jìn)一步分析得到的最優(yōu)數(shù)量搗固和擠壓。 4.1在線數(shù)據(jù)處理 系統(tǒng)提供實(shí)時(shí)的軟件測(cè)量脈沖轉(zhuǎn)化為位移,通過應(yīng)用校準(zhǔn)和執(zhí)行計(jì)算。 4.2離線數(shù)據(jù)分析 可以交互地分析和歸檔數(shù)據(jù)可視化的幫助下一個(gè)通用的數(shù)據(jù)分析程序。這個(gè)程序可以用于繪制個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的波形以及渠道執(zhí)行簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)操作單或結(jié)合波形。用戶可以擴(kuò)展通過添加任何自定義處理能力算法。 5結(jié)論 誤差補(bǔ)償算法系統(tǒng)可靠。系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)關(guān)閉了成功地應(yīng)用于監(jiān)控的工作狀態(tài)液壓泥炮?；A(chǔ)上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)工人的證實(shí),該系統(tǒng)是真實(shí)的,靈活、可重構(gòu)、可伸長(zhǎng)的、可伸縮的。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]Fuehan, R. J.,etc.The Future Steelmaking Industry and ItsTechnologies, INEL-95/0046, Idaho National EngineeringLaboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho,December 1994 [2]Quanlinyue, The application of Turbine Flow in FlowMeasurement in Waterworks, Process AutomationInstrumentation, Vol.23,No.12,2002 [3]SPONSLER CO.,INC, Turbine flowmeters for liquidmeasurement, 2002 [4]ATMEL Corporation, 89S52, 2005 [5]S.Sharonov, J.M.Nogiec, An Embedded Power SupplyController, Pac’97, Vancouver, 1997 [6]J.M.Nogiec, E.Desavouret, etc. A Distributed Monitoringand Control System, IEEE, 1998, 3713~3715 [7]Tang hui, A Flow Rate Monitoring Meter Based-on 8098 Single Chip Computer, Instrument technology and Sensors,Vol.3,1996 The Seventh International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2005 2-207Design of Position Indicator Used for Hydraulic Clay Gun in Steel-making Furnace Lin Quanxi1 Dou Manfeng1 Zheng Yayin2 Liu Gequn1（1.Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xian 710072 China）(2.Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044 China)Abstract:How to indicate the position of hydraulic clay gun accurately is a big problem in iron-smelting blast furnace equipments.In this paper,a position indictor of hydraulic clay gun system based on turbine flow sensors and AT89S52 single processor are presented and an error compensation algorithm which used to improve the measure precision is investigated.A technic of data dump is also described.The whole system can avoid the influence of bad environment while the blast furnace equipment working.Keywords:Hydraulic clay gun;position indictor;turbine flow sensors;89S52;error compensation;data dump.1 Introduction When molten steel is removed from the furnace,a hole is drilled through the refractory liner.A clay gun is used to plug the hole with a refractory clay mix.There are two kinds of clay gun:electric clay gun and hydraulic clay gun in iron-melting blast furnace equipments.Nowadays,the widely used clay gun is the latter for the sake of the influence of the working condition.When iron water is poured down from blast furnace,the temperature of the workshop rises immediately,the air becomes dusty,and the workshop becomes poor visibility.Some mechanical position indictors such as square shaft pointer,heavy hammer pointer and spring pointer are adopted to indicate the position of piston in the cylinder.All these indictors are low life-span;high malfunction ratio and low environment flexibility due to the bad working condition.A noticeable problem is that the data cannot be recorded,so its hard to tell who is to blame once there is an accident.In this paper,a position indictor system which provides a framework for data acquisition,disposal and monitoring has been investigated and applied to the hydraulic clay gun system in steel-making blast furnace.2 Principle,Framework and Problems 2.1 System Principle Considering the bad influence of the working condition,turbine flow sensors are used to obtain the information of the piston indirectly.Turbine flow sensor is used for water inflow or water loss measuring.Turbine rotation frequency(F)is proportional to flow speed(V)i.e.to the quantity(Q)of liquid flow in corresponding part of the cylinder.At every turbine turn the sensor sends through the cable a pulse to the counter.Then the cubage of the cylinder can be gotten from the pulse number.K=F/Q or K=N/V (1)The K-Factor represents the number of output pulses transmitted per gallon of fluid passing through the turbine meter.Each turbine has a unique K-Factor.N represents the total pulse number.Each pulse generated represents a discrete amount of volumetric throughput.2.2 System Framework In this system,two separate set of one-way valves and sensors are equipped in the ductwork to get the information of flowrate.Data sampling,disposal,display and transit are managed in MCU.An upper computer is used for monitoring the current working status and giving the online or offline dada processing.Two kinds of displays are used for the operators.The The Seventh International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2005 2-208main framework of the system is as follows:pumpoilreservoirone way valvesensor1one way valvesensor2hydraulic cylindersamplingMCUdisplayuppercomputer Fig.1 Framework of the position indictor The core system components are detailed in the following descriptions by specialized subsystems to form the full-featured operating environment.2.3 Main Problems Adopting the turbine flow sensors can evade the awful environment,but it also causes some problems.1)How to avoid the rounding error which is due to the programming and make up with the disparity between the back and forth motion of the piston which is due to the difference of the two sensors is the main problem of the system.2)The system should be simple and easily operated without bringing much complexity to the primary system.3)The integrated system should involve data sampling,disposal,display,and monitoring.3 Lower Computer 3.1 Working Mode of the System The system can be operated in three different modes according to the different working period for the hydraulic clay gun.a)Calibration Mode.This makes the system universal.The total pulse number of the cylinder is obtained in this mode.b)Tamping Mode.In this mode,workers stuff the cylinder with clay in a tight way.The information of the piston can be seen by the loaders,operators and monitors.C)Extrusion Mode.In this mode,workers extrude the clay to jam the taphole.The main and important data is sampled during this mode and also be displayed.3.2 Controller Block-Diagram The core processing unit is based on the AT89S52.The AT89S52 is a low-power,high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8Kb bytes of in-system programmable flash memory.The AT89S52 also provides the following features:8K bytes of flash,256 bytes of RAM,32 I/O lines,watchdog timer,two data pointers,three 16-bit timer/counters,a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture,a full duplex serial port,on-chip oscillator,and clock circuitry.The controller block-diagram of the system is as follows:AT89S52T0(P3.4)T1(P3.5)P0.0P0.1 P0.6P0.7RXD(P3.0)TXD(P3.1)RESETXTAL1XTAL2sensor1sensor2Opto-couple circuitOpto-couple circuit8155PAPBLED1LED2RS232 andRS485PCP1.2P1.3P1.4satus displayINT0INT1TampingExtrusionAD0AD1.AD7CalibrationP1.0P1.5P1.6P1.7 Fig.2 Controller block-diagram The whole control block-diagram consists of the following elements:-Sensors are used to get the information of the quantity of liquid and send pulses.-AT89S52 is used to control the data flow of tamping,extrusion and calibration,and to give the proper information of displaying,alerting and communicating with the upper computer.-Both RS232 and RS485 communication protocols are used for data transmitting.-Two kinds of LED are used in this system,one is for the inside,and the other is for the outside.3.3 Transmitting Data to Upper Computer To make the system more universal,both RS232 and RS485 communication protocols are adopted.RS232 provides single-ended data communications between a transmitter and a receiver at relatively slow The Seventh International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2005 2-209data rates(115k bits/second)and short distances(up to 50 ft at the maximum data rate).RS485 links provide more communication reliability over a long distance at a high speed for industrial plants.Adopted RS485 communication protocol needs to install an RS485 interface in an expansion slot of the computer or to convert the RS232 level signal coming out the computer serial port to an RS485 signal.A RS232/RS485 converter is introduced in this system.3.4 Implementation For Software The software part can be included several parts:calculation,counting,communication and monitoring.3.4.1 Calibration The total pulse numbers are different with different cylinders.The calibration process is to get the total pulse number of one-way moving of the piston.An average calculation is used to improve the precision of the system.If total step number is arranged,the step length number which used for the initial count number of the counter and residual number will be obtained.There are probably two different initial count numbers for the separate counters used for the forth or back moving because of the separate turbine sensors.The program flow chart for one way is as follows:calibrationaveragesingle counting sumstep lengthnumberresidualnumberstep numberinitial countingnumber for timer Fig.3 Calibration flow chart 3.4.2 Counting For the forward course,one counter(T0)increases with the piston moves to the mouth of the hydraulic clay gun,while for the backward,the other counter(T1)increases with the piston retreats and the counter(T0)keeps the same.The program for the counter(T0)is as follows:T0INT:INC 5BH INC 31H;current step register,low bit INC 6AH;temp step register MOV A,31H CJNE A,#00H,DDD0 INC 30H;current step register,high bit 3.4.3 Error compensation integral part(I)average(eg:100 share)residual part(R)sumtemporary stepnumber(T)average(eg:100 share)(A)clear temporary stepregister(T=0)subtract 1 from currentstep register(C)return0YesNoR*T-I*A Fig.4 Forward compensation The following error compensation is used to make up the influence of residual number while calculating.If the step number is assigned 100,it is sure that the pulse number of every step is not always integer and the residual number may be ignored.Thats to say,the The Seventh International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2005 2-210total counting step is less than the actual total steps.Once the piston moves again and again,a great error will occur.An error compensation algorithm is introduced for the forward and backward motion.A temporary step register which used for the compensation counts every pulse during the piston moving.Once one compensation step is considered,clear the temporary step registers,restart counting and prepare for the next compensation.Forward and backward compensation flow charts are as follows:integral part(I)average(eg:100 share)residual part(R)sumtemporary stepnumber(T)average(eg:100 share)(A)clear temporary stepregister(T=0)pluse 1 from currentstep register(C)return0YesNoR*T-I*A Fig.5 Backward compensation 3.4.4 Monitoring A remote monitor system is used to take good advantage of historical and current data and give instructions to operation and management.Auto-analysis of historical data will provide the optimum amount of stuffing and extrusion.The optimization process can also be done artificially.4 Data Analysis In the system,two kinds of data processing are presented to make it more universal.One is for the spot-workers,which makes them operate the joy stick correctly.The other is for the manager worker for a further analysis to get an optimum amount for tamping and extrusion.4.1 On-line Data Processing The software system provides for real-time conversion of measured pulses to displacement,by applying calibrations and performing calculations.4.2 Off-line Data Analysis Archived data can be interactively analyzed and visualized with the help of a universal data analysis program.This program can be used for plotting waveforms of individual data channels as well as for performing simple mathematical operations on single or combined waveforms.The user can extend the processing capabilities by adding any custom algorithms.5 Conclusions The error compensation algorithm makes the system reliable.The system has been already successfully applied to monitor the working status of hydraulic clay gun.The experience based on the workers confirms that the system is veracious,flexible,reconfigurable,extendible,and scalable.Reference 1Fuehan,R.J.,etc.The Future Steelmaking Industry and Its Technologies,INEL-95/0046,Idaho National Engineering Laboratory,Idaho Falls,Idaho,December 1994 2Quan linyue,The application of Turbine Flow in Flow Measurement in Waterworks,Process Automation Instrumentation,Vol.23,No.12,2002 3SPONSLER CO.,INC,Turbine flowmeters for liquid measurement,2002 4ATMEL Corporation,89S52,2005 5S.Sharonov,J.M.Nogiec,An Embedded Power Supply Controller,Pac97,Vancouver,1997 6J.M.Nogiec,E.Desavouret,etc.A Distributed Monitoring and Control System,IEEE,1998,37133715 7Tang hui,A Flow Rate Monitoring Meter Based-on 8098 The Seventh International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2005 2-211Single Chip Computer,Instrument technology and Sensors,Vol.3,1996 Author Biographies Lin Quan-xi(1979),male,received the electromechanical B.S.degree in ShenYang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering,ShenYang,China,in 2002.Currently he is a master candidate in the department of electric machine&electric engineering of Northwestern Polytechnology University,Shannxi,China,mostly pursues the research of rare earth motor design and motion control.Dou Man-feng(1967),male,received the B.S.,M.E.and Ph.D degrees in Electronic Engineering from Northwestern Polytechnology University,Shannxi,China.He is currently a professor.His research interests are power electronics,motor design,motor drives,electrical machine and motion control system.Zheng Ya-yin(1978),male,received the electromechanical degree B.S.degree in ShenYang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering,ShenYang,China,in 2002.Currently he is a master candidate in the department of Electronic Engineering of Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing China,mostly pursues the research of detecting and measuring.Liu Ge-qun,male,received the M.Eng.degrees in Control Theory and Engineering from Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xian,China,in 2003.He is currently a doctor candidate in the Automation College,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xian,China.His research interests include Modern Control Theory,Intelligent Control,and Flight Control Systems.