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1、 Grammar 1： Step 1: Activity one: Give the ss some sentences to read and then point out what tenses are used. 1) A: Has the plane arrived? B: yes. A: when did it arrive? B: half an hour ago 2). He is not in. he has gone to town. He just left before you came. Suggested answ

2、ers: 1). The present perfect tense; the past simple tense 2). The present perfect tense; the past simple tense Activity two: Read the sentences from the A lively city on page 34 and answer the questions based on these sentences. Step 2 Group work ----competition The First group: find o

3、ut the similarities of the sentences in activity two. Conclusion: S + have/has + done The second group: find out the differences the following sentences. 1. I have done my homework 2. He has done his homework 3. She has done her homework 4. You have done your homework 5. The

4、y have done their homework Conclusion: I have done ? she has done ? they have done ? Guess What’s the negative form of those sentences above? S+ have\has not done Conclusion: 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 Consolidation: Complete the exercise two on page34 Grammar 2. Give

5、Ss these sentences and decide which group they belong to A or B. A: describe events that continue over a period of time B: describe events that happen at a particular point in time. 1). you have lived here all your life ?. 2). I ’ve worked for it 4 years now 3). We ’ve started a h

6、oliday club for children 4). A lot of children have joined it. Suggested answers: Sentences1and 2 describe events that continue over a period of time (things which happened in the past and are still continuing up to this moment) Sentences 3and 4 describe events that happen at a partic

7、ular point in time Conclusion: 表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。在此必須強調(diào)動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。這一點也是這一用法的重點和難點。常見的非延續(xù)動詞有 come, start/ begin, buy, borrow, leave, die and so on. 備課資料： 現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)講解 一、注意弄清時態(tài)的實際意義 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作 / 狀態(tài) , 或者過去的動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 They have left. -- 他們已經(jīng)離開了 ,

8、 也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@ 里 I have had my lunch. -- 我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了 , 也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓 也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，或有可能有可能停止，或有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。。 He has learned English since 2001. - 從 2001 年開始學的 , 現(xiàn) 在還在繼續(xù)學著呢 二、基本句型結(jié)構(gòu) 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成形式： have /has ( 助動詞 )+done( 過去分詞 ) I/You/They/We have talked . He/She has talked. 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定結(jié)構(gòu)就

9、是在助動詞 have 或 has 后加上否定詞 I/You/They/We haven’t(have not) talked .  not ； He/She hasn’t(has not) talked. 其一般疑問句就是將助動詞 Have I/You/They/We talked .  have 或 has 提到句首， Has he/she talked. 肯定的簡略回答是： Yes，主語＋ have/has . ，否定的簡略回答是： No，主 語＋ have/has not. 。 如： I have seen t

10、he film.  →Have you seen the film  ？ Yes ， I have./No ， I haven ’t. 三、 注意掌握兩種基本用法 1. “過去的經(jīng)歷”：動作發(fā)生在過去的某一時刻且已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但未 說明動作發(fā)生的具體時間或情景， 強調(diào)該經(jīng)歷 ( 即動作發(fā)生后 ) 對現(xiàn)在所造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。 如： I have heard of the man. 我聽說過這個人。 2. “完成情況”：表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，或有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。句子中一般有說明其完成情況的短語或從句。①句子

11、中有“已發(fā)生了多久”的時間狀語的短語或從句。如： I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old. 我從十 歲起就住在上海。 ②說明“到說話時為止，已完成了多少”。即句中，含有表示“完成了多 少”的賓語或表示動作發(fā)生次數(shù)的狀語。如： I have read the book three times. 這本書我看了三遍。 四．一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。 I

12、saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film.  （強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。 ） （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。  ） 2）一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用 ; 現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語 : yesterday, last week ，? ago, in1990, in October, just now,from..on, -- 具體的過去時間狀語 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 : for, since, so far, ev

13、er, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -- 模糊 的時間狀語 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ）時， 不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時 （錯） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)

14、在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的， 如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。 She joined the League three years ago.( 加入的動作不是延續(xù) 的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). ( 在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)

15、可延續(xù) ) She has been a League memberfor three years (since three years ago). 是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ) 五．比較延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié) 果，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 He has finished the work. I ’ve know n him since then.  他已完成了那項工作。 ( 表結(jié)果 ) 我從那時起就認識他了。 ( 表經(jīng)歷 ) 注意延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞的用法 1. 短暫

16、性動詞與短暫性時間 ( 時間點 ) 連用。如： He joined the Party three years ago. 他入黨三年了。 ( 他三年 前入黨的 ) 2. 用“ It is/has been ＋時間段＋ since ?”句型。如： It is/has been three years since I bought the book. 這本書我買了三年了。 ( 從買這 本書起到現(xiàn)在已三年了 ) 3. 用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換短暫性動詞，句中謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，時間狀語為“ for ＋時間段”或“ since ＋時間點”。如： He

17、has been in the Greener China for three years.---- He has been a member of the Greener China fot three years. 他加入 “綠色中國”已經(jīng)三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.  -----He has been in the Party

18、 for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.  ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 英語延續(xù)動詞與非延續(xù)動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作 , 如： learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay  等。 延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用。 表示時間段的短語有 : f

19、or+ 一段時間 :for 2 years; since 從句 ,since he came here; since+ 時間點名詞 ,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等。 非延續(xù)性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞 發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。 如:open, die, close, borrow, lend, buy 等。  , 表示不能延續(xù)的動作 , 這種動作 begin, finish, come, go, move, 非延續(xù)性動詞在肯定句中與表示時間點的狀語連用

20、，如：  two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 leave --- be away borrow --- keep buy --- have begin/start --- be on die --- be dead finish --- be over open sth --- keep sth open fall ill --- be ill get

21、up---be up catch a cold --- have a cold come here --- be here go there --- be there fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from get to know --- know go (get) out →be out put on → wear 比較 since 和 for

22、 since 用來說明動作起始時間— “自從??” for 用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度— “長達??” I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時 I worked he

23、re for more than twenty years. ( 我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。 ) I have worked here for many years. ( 現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。 ) 比較 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in He went to Shanghai last week 上周他 [ 做了一件事 : 那就是 ] 去了上海 He has been to Shanghai. 他( 曾經(jīng) ) 到/ 去過上海 [ 在他人生中曾經(jīng)有 過這樣的經(jīng)歷 , 但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海

24、而是回來了 ] He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了 [ 也許剛動身出發(fā)  , 也許已經(jīng) 到了 , 也許還在路上  , 反正他人不在這里  ] He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.  他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)  10 年了  [  現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢  ] He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.  以前他在上海住過  10 年  [  現(xiàn)在 不在上海了

25、] 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化 1. He died 10 years ago. --- He ____ ____ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. --- He ____ ____ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---He ____ ____ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here th

26、ree days ago. --- He ____ ___ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. --- The light ____ ____ ____ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. --- He ____ ____ ____ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. --- The film ____ ____

27、____ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. --- The door ____ ____ ____ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. -- He ____ ____ a ____ for a year. --- He ____ ____ ____ the army for a year. --- It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.