商務(wù)翻譯實(shí)務(wù)_第11單元 商務(wù)信函翻譯_
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1、 商務(wù)信函翻譯 隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),國際商務(wù)活動(dòng)日益頻繁,經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易與合作的領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)大,商務(wù)信函作為商家之間、廠家與客戶之間聯(lián)系業(yè)務(wù)、溝通商情、咨詢答復(fù)的主要途徑和工具受到越來越多的重視,商務(wù)信函是國際貿(mào)易與國際交往過程中必不可少的溝通與交流方式。得體、規(guī)范的商務(wù)信函能與外商建立并保持良好的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系,甚至能避免因糾紛而產(chǎn)生的種種不良后果。本單元首先介紹商務(wù)信函的格式,然后通過翻譯實(shí)踐讓讀者了解信函的文體特點(diǎn),總結(jié)商務(wù)信函翻譯的基本原則和注意事項(xiàng)。 商務(wù)信函翻譯1. 商務(wù)信函的語言特點(diǎn);2. 商務(wù)信函的翻譯技巧;3. 商務(wù)翻譯中的正反交替翻譯技巧。商務(wù)信函中專業(yè)詞匯和套語的翻譯。
2、PART ONE 商務(wù)信函的分類、功能及其篇章結(jié)構(gòu) vTask I 閱讀以下商務(wù)信函并思考:寫此信函的目的是什么? Dear Mr. Li, Our order No.3979:50 Electric Drills As it is now more than two months since we opened a letter of credit in your favor, we should like to know exactly when you could arrange shipment of the goods. Your prompt response will be hi
3、ghly appreciated. Sincerely, Marco Fillmore 商務(wù)信函是涉外商務(wù)溝通過程中所使用的各種函件的總稱,是“人們互相聯(lián)系,彼此交往、交流思想、溝通信息、洽談事務(wù)所使用的一種應(yīng)用文。(黎運(yùn)漢,2005:365)”雖然電話和網(wǎng)絡(luò)通話方式已被廣泛使用在商務(wù)領(lǐng)域,但商務(wù)信函包括電子郵件和傳真作為一種有效的法律依據(jù),而且不限時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和篇幅,可充分陳述理由和分析問題,使雙方能夠更有效地進(jìn)行溝通交流,因此至今仍然是商務(wù)交際中最主要的工具。商務(wù)信函具有一般書信的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)又屬于一般公務(wù)信函,它們涉及到商務(wù)、貿(mào)易過程中的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)如詢盤、報(bào)盤、還盤等。從信函的文體正式程度來看
4、,商務(wù)信函可以分為便函和正式函兩大類。便函一般用于商務(wù)應(yīng)酬中雙方聯(lián)絡(luò)感情、促進(jìn)貿(mào)易關(guān)系的信函,可以細(xì)分為商務(wù)活動(dòng)中的感謝信、祝賀信、慰問信、邀請信等。正式函一般格式較嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、篇幅較長、內(nèi)容完整,用于處理具有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的商業(yè)事務(wù),可歸納為建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系類、產(chǎn)品推銷類、資信查詢類、詢盤類、發(fā)盤還盤類、訂購類、支付類、索賠類、保險(xiǎn)類等,貫穿進(jìn)出口外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的全過程。Task II 請討論商務(wù)信函與一般信件的異同。 Task III 請討論中英文商務(wù)信函結(jié)構(gòu)方面的異同。 英文商務(wù)信函和中文商務(wù)信函在格式上大致相同,只是日期的位置不同,英文信函放在信件開頭,而中文信函日期放在信件結(jié)尾處。商務(wù)信函在篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和行文
5、風(fēng)格上都有具體的要求。一封正式的商務(wù)信函一般由固定的組成部分按照順序組成完整的篇章。下面我們以商務(wù)信函中最通用的格式齊頭式信函為例,這種格式的主要特征就是每行均從左邊頂格寫,信中各段落之間均空一行。 1. 信頭(Letterhead)信頭就是指書信中發(fā)信人的地址和發(fā)信的日期等。通常情況下,公司都會(huì)專門印制帶有信頭的信箋紙,包括發(fā)信人的姓名、地址、電話、傳真等。2. 封內(nèi)地址(Inside Address)這里是指收信人的姓名和地址。收信人名稱地址的格式和信頭的格式相同,但必須把收信人的姓名一并寫出。3. 稱呼(Salutation)指對收信人的一種稱呼。較常使用的有Dear Sir, Dear
6、 Madam, Dear Mr. XX等。 4. 標(biāo)題(Caption/Subject)或引證(Reference) 5. 正文(Body) 6. 結(jié)束語/函尾套語(Complimentary Close)結(jié)束語是結(jié)束信函時(shí)的一種客套,應(yīng)該與前面的稱呼相呼應(yīng)。例如:“Sincerely,”“Best regards,”或者“Yours truly,”7. 發(fā)信人姓名,先簽名再打印姓名(Signature otherwise well have no choice but to place our order elsewhere. 2. To meet this important client
7、s request for moving up the time of delivery, a special arrangement has been made and we are now pleased to inform you that the full quantity of your order will be shipped in the beginning of May. 3.在我方同各國商人的貿(mào)易中,一貫堅(jiān)持平等互利的原則,希望通過雙方努力,促進(jìn)對彼此互利的業(yè)務(wù)和友誼。 解析:v第一組:商務(wù)信函屬于正式文體,主要為書面語,常用復(fù)雜句。狀語從句、分詞短語插入語、同位語、獨(dú)立主
8、格結(jié)構(gòu)在商務(wù)信函中也頻繁使用。由于商務(wù)信函里常要表示某些條款相互成立、互為條件,或?qū)σ贿B串具有因果關(guān)系的事件進(jìn)行敘述,比起短句,長句能更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)這種多層次的復(fù)雜邏輯關(guān)系。對于這種復(fù)雜冗長的句子,只要對原文進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析并靈活應(yīng)用各種翻譯技巧進(jìn)行翻譯,就能恰當(dāng)?shù)胤g原文,準(zhǔn)確傳遞原文含義。具體分析如下:v 1. 此句雖然較長,但是思路清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。此句可譯為:我們和你們已有多年的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系,希望對我們的詢價(jià)報(bào)最低價(jià)。否則,我們就不得不向他處訂貨了。v 2. 此句是由and連接的兩個(gè)分句,前一個(gè)分句有一個(gè)目的狀語,后一個(gè)分句是一個(gè)從句,翻譯時(shí)可以把結(jié)構(gòu)打散,再重新組合??勺g為:為了滿足 這位重要客
9、戶提前交貨的要求,我們已作特殊安排。現(xiàn)通知貴方,全部貨物將于5月初交運(yùn)。v 3. In our trade with merchants of various countries, we always adhere to the principle of equality and mutual benefit; therefore, it is our hope to promote, by joint efforts, both trade and friendship to our mutual advantage. 譯文使用了長句,同時(shí)使用了介詞短語(如In our trade with
10、 merchants of various countries)、插入語(如by joint efforts)從而使譯文更符合英文商務(wù)信函的句式規(guī)范。 第二組:4. Please be informed that, on account of the fluctuations of foreign exchanges the quotation is subject to change without previous notice. 5. We should be grateful if you would give us further details of Chinese leather
11、 shoes. 6.現(xiàn)隨函寄上商品小冊子和價(jià)格表各一份,以便貴公司能對我們出口棉布的情況有一個(gè)大概的了解。 7.茲確認(rèn)我方今天發(fā)出電報(bào)裝運(yùn)通知,并通知貴方,本公司已裝運(yùn)貴方訂購的5 000噸鐵屑,經(jīng)由太平洋號貨輪于5月 20日載離此處。 解析:第二組:公文寫作的結(jié)構(gòu)相對固定,因此有些表達(dá)方式在使用中逐漸形成固定的套語。中文和英文商務(wù)信函中都有其固定的句式,因而在翻譯實(shí)踐中要注意將其翻譯成對應(yīng)的套語。例如: 商務(wù)信函首段首句常見套語有:Thank you for your letter of; We are in receipt of your letter of.等。翻譯時(shí)可套用中文信函,直接
12、譯成“X月X日來函收悉,不勝感謝,茲復(fù)函如下”。 表示通知對方時(shí)常用:We are pleased to inform you . ,對應(yīng)中文譯成“特此奉告”。 隨函附上某物時(shí)常用英語表達(dá)有Enclosed please find/We are enclosing等,譯成符合漢語習(xí)慣的“隨函附上”。 請求對方做某事的漢語句式為“請將不勝感激”,商務(wù)信函常用:We would appreciate; It would be appreciated等。如It would be appreciated that you could quote your prices of CIF Shanghai
13、for the computers.(請報(bào)電腦的上海到岸價(jià),將不勝感謝)。We are looking forward with interest to your reply. Your early reply will be highly appreciated等。函電結(jié)尾譯成“盼復(fù)”等常用套語。 4. 譯文:茲告知貴方,由于外匯的波動(dòng),報(bào)價(jià)隨時(shí)可能變化,不另行通知。5. 譯文:如能告知中國皮鞋的其他詳情,將不勝感激。6. 譯文:In order to give you a general idea of the Cotton Piece Goods now available for ex
14、port, we enclose a brochure and a price list. 7. 譯文:We are pleased to confirm our cable shipping advice for today, and inform you that we have shipped you 5,000 tons of iron scrap per M/S Pacific leaving here on May 20. 原句中的“茲確認(rèn)”是中文信函套語,可以套用英語“We are pleased to”,這是非常規(guī)范的處理方法。而且原句較長,英語譯文也使用長句的處理方式。 Ta
15、sk III 完成以下練習(xí),注意把握商務(wù)信函的語氣特點(diǎn)。1. 對比以下每組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)句子,判斷哪些句子更符合商務(wù)信函的語氣要求。第一組:1) We have not received your payment of the balance of US $5,000.2) We regret having to remind you that we have not received your payment of the balance of US $5,000.第二組:1) You have to replace the damaged goods. 2) We will appreciate
16、 it if you replace the damaged records.第三組:1) We cannot fill your order because you failed to send your check. 2) We shall be glad to fill your order as soon as we receive your check. 【解析】商務(wù)信函注重傳達(dá)禮貌、得體的語氣。禮貌和委婉的用語可以使閱讀方獲得好感。委婉禮貌用語可以在拒絕對方的要求或條件時(shí)顯得婉轉(zhuǎn)而易于接受,而不至于破壞雙方的貿(mào)易關(guān)系。由此看來,不難得出這三組句子都是第2)句的語氣更符合商務(wù)信函的語
17、氣要求。 2. 翻譯以下句子,注意保持原文的語氣。1)感謝貴方6月6日來信,現(xiàn)寄上第2245號女鞋訂單。 2)根據(jù)貴方5月6日來函,我方樂意訂購下列貨物。 3)If you can accept US $275 and send us a proforma invoice, we will open a letter of credit for 1,000 sets. 4)In reply to your enquiry of May 12, we regret to tell you that our cotton sweaters do not come in any size large
18、r than 18. 【解析】在國際商務(wù)信函中,委婉禮貌的語氣還用在表達(dá)感謝、快樂、滿意、道歉等語句中。要達(dá)到語句委婉,可以采用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、被動(dòng)語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、使用please、疑問句等來表達(dá)。因此在翻譯中,也要注意采用這些方式來保持原句的語氣和口吻。1)Thank you for your letter of June 6 and we enclose our Order No. 2245 for ladys shoes.2)With reference to your letter of May 6, we are pleased to place an order for the foll
19、owing.3)如能接受275美元的價(jià)格并寄送形式發(fā)票,我方即開立1 000套的信用證。4)擾貴方5月12日來函詢問之事,我們很遺憾的奉告,我們的全棉運(yùn)動(dòng)服最大號為18號。 PART FOUR 討論:v討論:通過上述翻譯任務(wù),你認(rèn)為翻譯商務(wù)信函需要注意哪些事項(xiàng)?同時(shí)可以采取哪些翻譯策略 ? I.商務(wù)信函翻譯總結(jié)v本單元從商務(wù)信函的定義和格式談起,講述了商務(wù)信函的詞匯、句式和語氣特點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)將商務(wù)信函翻譯的原則和技巧進(jìn)行歸納,見下頁表格。 商務(wù)信函的語言特點(diǎn)與翻譯技巧 商務(wù)信函的語言特點(diǎn)用詞恰當(dāng):盡量使用客氣、禮貌、正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、專業(yè)的詞匯句式規(guī)范:注意長句或分詞短語、不定式短語、獨(dú)立主格、插入語等的
20、使用,盡量使譯文句子符合句式規(guī)范語氣貼切:措辭委婉、禮貌得體選詞準(zhǔn)確:選用莊重規(guī)范的詞語商務(wù)信函的翻 譯技巧拆句法:翻譯復(fù)雜句時(shí)可先拆句,然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行組合套譯法:找到目的語相應(yīng)的套語語氣移植:采用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、被動(dòng)語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、使用please、疑問句等來表達(dá)禮貌、委婉的語氣 II. 商務(wù)信函翻譯余論 v1. 商務(wù)信函翻譯技巧 v商務(wù)信函翻譯過程中,可能采用各種翻譯技巧,使其譯文忠實(shí)、通順、準(zhǔn)確、清楚。比如:v例1原文:Enclosed please find the price list and catalogue of this season. Would you be kind e
21、nough to study them and inform us your requirements for the coming season? v譯文:隨函附上我方本季產(chǎn)品目錄及價(jià)格單。閱后請告訴我方貴方對下一季節(jié)產(chǎn)品的要求好嗎? v本句中原文使用非常委婉客氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“Would you be kind enough to”,翻譯成漢語時(shí)盡量維持原文語氣,使用了“貴方”,以示尊重。商務(wù)信函翻譯還可以靈活應(yīng)用拆譯法、增詞法等翻譯方法,比如:v例2原文:We look forward to your quotations for the arts and crafts which we are
22、 interested in. v譯文:我方對貴公司工藝品很感興趣,期待報(bào)價(jià)。 v例3原文:We are pleased to advise you that your order No. 1245 dated October 1, 2009 has now been put on the No. 888 Guangzhou-Bangkok express. Enclosed is consignment note No. 20091001 which should be presented on collection. Thank you for your order.v譯文:我方很高興通知
23、貴方,你方2009年10月1日1245號訂單所訂貨物已由888號廣州至曼谷快車裝運(yùn),隨函附上20091001號發(fā)貨通知書,提貨時(shí)請出示。感謝貴方訂購。v例4原文:We want to notice you that prices of copier parts and components have gone up steadily since the second half of the year. Though we have tried hard to keep our quotations down, we are afraid the margin for keeping on go
24、ing like this will not last long. Therefore, we suggest that you will let us have your order before further rises in costs, which will lead to a raise in prices very soon unavoidably. v譯文:我方想通知貴方,自下半年以來,復(fù)印機(jī)的零部件價(jià)格一直不斷上漲。盡管我方盡量壓低報(bào)價(jià),但恐怕這種情況不會(huì)維持太久。因此,建議貴方在零部件再次漲價(jià),并不可避免地引起成品漲價(jià)之前便向我方訂貨。 v例2是帶定語從句的復(fù)合句,如果按照
25、常規(guī)譯法,把定語從句翻譯成定語,則譯文為“我方期待貴方對我方感興趣的工藝品報(bào)價(jià)”,這樣就不夠清楚,而采用拆譯法就清楚多了。例3中“Enclosed is consignment note No. 200910 which should be presented on collection”同樣采用了拆譯法,翻譯成“隨函附上200910號發(fā)貨通知書,提貨時(shí)請出示”,而不是“隨函附上提貨時(shí)須出示的200910號發(fā)貨通知書”。另外,“order No. 1245”此處增加了“所訂貨物”,因?yàn)椴豢赡馨延唵谓涣熊囇b運(yùn),而是“訂單所訂貨物”。例4中“will let us have your order
26、before further rises in costs, which will lead to a raise in prices very soon unavoidably”一句中,“cost”指“零部件成本”,“prices”指“復(fù)印機(jī)價(jià)格或成品價(jià)格”,這都需要根據(jù)語境在翻譯中補(bǔ)充完整,才能使譯文表意清楚。 2. 商務(wù)信函稱呼的翻譯及注意事項(xiàng)商務(wù)信函最常見的稱呼有:Dear Sirs/Madam, My dear Sir, Dear Mr., My dear Ms XXX, Gentlemen 等。在商務(wù)英語信函翻譯中應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):1)對女性的稱呼,無論是已婚還是未婚,都統(tǒng)稱:Dea
27、r Madam,切忌使用Dear Miss。2)英國人偏愛使用Dear Sirs;而美國人偏愛使用Dear Gentlemen。3)Gentlemen僅用復(fù)數(shù)形式,不用單數(shù)形式Gentleman,也不用Dear Gentlemen。4)My dear Mrs. Hartley并不意味著比Dear Mrs. Hartley更親密,相反前者是更為正式的稱呼。 v英文商務(wù)信件里的稱呼往往是和結(jié)束語緊密相關(guān)的。最常見的結(jié)束語有:Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully。如何把這些稱呼和結(jié)束語譯成漢語,是至關(guān)重要的問題。最糟糕的莫過于錯(cuò)將“Dear M
28、adam”譯成“親愛的夫人”,而將“Yours sincerely”譯成“您的忠誠的”。英文商務(wù)信函中的“Dear”,是一種對收信人的尊稱,只不過是一種禮節(jié)、俗套而已;而在漢語的書信稱呼中,“親愛的”卻是一種昵稱,僅用于私人關(guān)系非常親密的人,如家人或情侶之間。因此,“Dear”和“親愛的”在書信里的稱呼并不等值。英語商務(wù)信函的結(jié)束語“Yours sincerely”等,也只是程式上的要求,同樣不能按字面直譯。 v那么該如何翻譯英語商務(wù)信函中的稱呼和結(jié)束語呢?從大量的信函翻譯實(shí)踐中來看,其譯法不盡相同。如果稱呼是泛稱“Gentlemen”或“Dear Sirs”,或“My dear Sirs”,
29、可簡單地譯作“先生”,略過“Dear”或“My dear”;或加上“尊敬的”。如果有具體收信人名字的,按現(xiàn)代書信的格式,可譯成:v“某某先生 / 某某女士 / 某某同志: 您好!” v漢譯英的情況也值得注意。在漢語的書信稱呼里,如果是寄給個(gè)人的,人們往往習(xí)慣于在收信人的姓名后加上頭銜或職業(yè)名稱,如:“李教授”、“王老師”、“張局長”、“肖經(jīng)理”等。但在英語信件中,只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)顯要的頭銜才可用于稱呼,如“Professor(教授)”、“Doctor(博士)”、“President(總統(tǒng))”、“Mayor(市長)”。因此,“史密斯教授”,在稱呼里就可英譯為“Dear Professor Smith
30、”,但“史密斯老師”、“ 史密斯局長”、“ 史密斯經(jīng)理”等,只好按照英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,統(tǒng)稱為“Dear Mr. Smith”。如果收信人是已婚女性,則譯為“Dear Mrs. Smith”。 至于英文商務(wù)信函的結(jié)束語,事實(shí)上只不過是一種謙稱,不必照字面直譯成“您的忠誠的”或“您的忠實(shí)的”,這不符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。我國公函中有相當(dāng)?shù)亩Y辭,如“謹(jǐn)啟”、“謹(jǐn)上”、“敬上”,在此不妨套用。在特定的場合,也可譯為“順致敬意!”,或?qū)懗蓛尚校?此致 敬禮! 或: 此致! 謹(jǐn)上 / 上 v如果是回信也可譯成“謹(jǐn)復(fù)”。如果是漢譯英,解決的辦法就更為簡單,對于“謹(jǐn)啟”、“謹(jǐn)上”、“敬上”之類則可根據(jù)信頭的稱呼,統(tǒng)
31、統(tǒng)還原為“Yours sincerely”或“Yours truly”等。漢語信尾的那些結(jié)束語是可有可無的,可在英文信件中則是不可缺少的組成部分,因此,漢語原文信尾即使沒有使用像“謹(jǐn)啟”、“謹(jǐn)上”、“敬上”之類,也應(yīng)相應(yīng)地增譯“Yours sincerely”或“Yours truly”等。 此外,英語商務(wù)信函的結(jié)尾常常使用一些套語,如表2: 原譯雖說沒有曲解原文的意思,但卻行文羅嗦,有失漢語書信的語言風(fēng)格。實(shí)際上,漢語也有類似的客套話,言簡意賅,譯者可充分發(fā)揮譯入語的語言優(yōu)勢。 序號原文原譯改譯1 Your favorable information will be appreciated.
32、我們期望得到你們的好消息。恭候佳音!2 Your early reply will be highly appreciated.我們將會(huì)十分感激你們的早日答復(fù)。如蒙早復(fù),不勝感激!3 Awaiting your immediate reply.等候你們的早日回信。請即復(fù)! PART FIVE 譯技點(diǎn)津:商務(wù)翻譯技巧之正反轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯 v每一種語言都有肯定和否定表達(dá)方式,英語的否定表達(dá)按語言學(xué)家們的劃分大致有4類:完全否定(帶no的詞語,如nothing,none等)、半否定(hard1y,scarcely等)、部分否定(not all,not every等)及帶否定意義的詞語(fail, with
33、out等)。一般情況下肯定和否定可以對號入座,但是英漢翻譯過程中經(jīng)常遇到這樣的情況:英語詞、句在字面上是肯定形式,但若照著直譯,往往語句不通;倘若譯為漢語的否定詞或其他否定形式,反倒文從字順。因此有時(shí)需要采用正反交替的方法,正說反譯、反說正譯,這樣才能準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)出原文的語言內(nèi)涵。 I. 英語為肯定式,漢語譯作否定式由于思維習(xí)慣和語言習(xí)慣的問題,翻譯過程中如果采用直譯會(huì)造成文句不通的現(xiàn)象,因此需要正說反譯。譬如“Please keep the fire burning.”,我們一般不說“請保持火燃燒”,而是譯作“別讓火滅了”。這種方法可廣泛用于各種詞類、短語,甚至整個(gè)句子的翻譯,比如: 例1原文
34、:Such a chance was denied (to) me. 譯文:我沒有得到這樣一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。例2原文:The pair of shoes is past repair. 譯文:這雙鞋子無法修補(bǔ)了。例3原文:This is more than we could bear. 譯文:這是我們所不能忍受的。例4原文:It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 譯文:他無權(quán)簽訂這種合同。 例5原文:His anger is out of hand. 譯文:他怒不可遏。例6原文:They feel great anxiety about his
35、 sickness. 譯文:他的病情讓他們感到焦慮不安。例7原文:If it worked once,it can work twice. 譯文:一次得手,再次不愁。例8原文:His refusal is final. 譯文:他的拒絕是不可更改的。 II. 英語為否定式,漢語譯作肯定式 英語中有大量含有否定意義的肯定句。許多含有not, no, none, never, hardly, scarcely, little等否定意義的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語,以及有些包含了否定詞的句子,運(yùn)用所謂的“負(fù)負(fù)得正”的反譯法來處理否定式,一方面可以準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)原義,另一方面可以順應(yīng)漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。 例9原
36、文:He is no idiot. 譯文:他精明的很。例10原文:We cant wait to meet you. 譯文:我們要立刻見到你。(我們迫不及待地想見到你。)例11原文:Dont forget to tell me about it. 譯文:一定記著告訴我。例12原文:We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 譯文:對生活,我們要永遠(yuǎn)保持樂觀的態(tài)度。例13原文:Students, with no exception, are to hand in your exercises this afternoon. 譯文:今
37、天下午學(xué)生統(tǒng)一交作業(yè)。 III. 英語中的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)在同一個(gè)句子中,兩次運(yùn)用否定手段就稱為雙重否定,通常由否定詞no,not,never等表示否定意義的詞連用構(gòu)成,如“not without”為否定結(jié)構(gòu),翻譯中有時(shí)譯成肯定句更好,有時(shí)則譯成雙重否定比較妥當(dāng)。例如: 例14原文:In a small company such things cannot be done without remark. 譯文1:在一家小公司里,這類事情少不了不受到關(guān)注。 譯文2:在一家小公司里,這類事情注定會(huì)引起別人的注意。英語中的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)往往可以翻譯成肯定句,比如:例15原文:They never meet
38、 without a quarrel but they still have not resolved the dispute of the contract. 譯文:他們總是一見面就吵架,但還是沒有解決合同糾紛。例16原文:Mexico City is in an earthquake zone and earth tremors are not unusual. 譯文:墨西哥城位于地震帶,時(shí)常有小震。例17原文:Its a rare book on reengineering that doesnt include an insurance example. 譯文:幾乎所有討論組合的書都會(huì)
39、以保險(xiǎn)行業(yè)為例。 英語中應(yīng)用雙重否定形式,一般是用來加強(qiáng)或減弱語氣,有時(shí)為了語氣委婉,可以譯為漢語的雙重否定句,保留原文的修辭色彩。例如:例18原文:The offer is not unacceptable. 譯文:此報(bào)價(jià)并不是不可接受的。例19原文:There is no smoke without fire. 譯文:無風(fēng)不起浪。例20原文:Few persons dissented from this suggestion. 譯文:幾乎沒有人不同意這個(gè)建議。例21原文:As we all know, no life can exist without water. 譯文:正如我們所知,沒
40、有水,任何生命都將不復(fù)存在。例22原文:Japan cannot be economically independent without trade with foreign countries. 譯文:日本不與外國通商,經(jīng)濟(jì)上不可能獨(dú)立。 PART SIX 商務(wù)信函翻譯實(shí)踐Task I 請翻譯下列商務(wù)信函常用語句。v 1. We should be glad to hear at your earliest convenience the terms and conditions on which you are prepared to supply. v 本公司若能及早獲知貴方準(zhǔn)備供貨的條
41、款則感幸甚。 v 2.We have seen your advertisement in the Business World and would be pleased to have your catalogue and price lists of your KV-180 Printers. v我們已看到貴公司在商業(yè)世界上刊登的廣告,希望得到你們KV180打印機(jī)的目錄和價(jià)格單。 v 3. Please find enclosed a full specification of our products. v隨函附上我方產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)規(guī)格,請查收。 v4. With an eye to our
42、 future business, well agree to change the terms of payment from L/C at sight to D/P at sight. v為了今后的業(yè)務(wù),我方同意不用即期信用證,而改用即期付款交單方式。v5. We are sorry to inform you that the listed terms of payment do not correspond to our customary business practice. v很抱歉通知貴方,所列付款方式與我方通常的貿(mào)易做法不符。v6. Please ship the first
43、lot under Contract NO. 45379 by s.s. “WUXI” scheduled to sail on or about July 5. v請將第45379號合同項(xiàng)下第一批貨物裝上7月5日左右啟航 的“無錫”輪。 v7. We really must apologize for the great inconvenience caused to you. v給對方造成極大不便,對此我方深感歉意。 v8. But for our good relations, we would not have quoted the price. v若不是我們的友好關(guān)系,我方是不會(huì)報(bào)這
44、個(gè)價(jià)格的。 v9. Your price is out of the line with the market level at our end. Please adjust it according to the conditions of the international market. v貴方價(jià)格與我方市場行情不符,請貴方按國際市場行情調(diào)整一下。 v 10. According to the terms of the contract the shipment is to be effected by the 20th June and we must have the B/L by
45、the 25th at the latest. v按合同條款,6月20日前應(yīng)交貨,我們最遲需在25日前拿到提單。 v 11.貴方所提供的包裝方式與質(zhì)量必須完全符合我們的要求。v The form and the quality of packing which you offer must be entirely in accordance with our requirements. v 12.為拓展我公司在貴國的出口業(yè)務(wù),我方希望能同貴方建立直接的業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系。 v In order to extend our export business to your country, we wish
46、to enter into direct business relations with you. v13.我方盼望收到貴方的訂單,同時(shí)隨函附寄一份我們認(rèn)為貴方可能感興趣的一些產(chǎn)品的目錄。 vWe look forward to receiving your order and meanwhile enclose a copy of our catalogue as we feel you may be interested in some of our other products. v14.貴方7月5日關(guān)于標(biāo)題所列商品的詢盤收悉,謝謝。 vWe thank you for your enq
47、uiry of July 5 for the captioned goods. v15.為安排裝船,信用證不得遲于9月1日到達(dá)我方。 vThe L/C has to reach us not later than September 1st for arranging shipment. v 16.貴方3月4日來函收悉,得知我方發(fā)錯(cuò)貨物,深表遺憾,我方會(huì)盡力做一些補(bǔ)償。 v Thank you for your letter of March 4 and we regret that we have dispatched the wrong goods and will do somethin
48、g for compensation. v 17.鑒于供貨數(shù)量有限,若我方報(bào)價(jià)能滿足貴公司要求,則請?jiān)缛沼嗁彙?v If you think our offer meets your requirements, please let us have your order at an early date, as supplies are limited. v 18.謝謝貴方10月11日寄給我方樣品,現(xiàn)我方樂意訂貨,詳情請見所附訂單。 v Thank you for the samples which you sent to us on October 11. We are pleased to
49、 place an order as specified on the enclosed order sheet. v 19.請將貨款匯往中國銀行廣州分行我方賬戶,賬號為14236538,收款人為廣州XYZ公司。v Please send your remittance to our account No. 14236538 with Bank of China Guangzhou Branch in favor of the XYZ Corporation (Guangzhou). v 20.貨物將由“東風(fēng)號”輪183航次裝運(yùn),該輪預(yù)定于10月31日抵達(dá)哥本哈根港,請速訂艙。請確認(rèn)貨物將按時(shí)
50、備妥。v The goods will be shipped by MS “Dongfeng” Voyage No. 183, which is due to arrive at Copenhagen on October 31. Please book the shipping space immediately and confirm that the goods will be ready in time. Task II 請翻譯以下商務(wù)信函。 1. Gentlemen,Sub: Automobile DVD PlayersWe are the manufacturers of BM c
51、ars and coaches. Our company is a subsidiary of BM Inc. of Houston, Texas. We are seeking an alternative supplier of automobile DVD players to equip our cars and coaches. As far as we are aware you do not have a local distributor of your products in this country. A full specification of our requirem
52、ents is given on the attached sheet. Quantity required: 2500 setsDelivery: by 20 April, 2010Please quote us your best CIF Laredo price, giving a full specification of your products. We would need to have samples of the players to test in our laboratories before placing an order. We usually deal with
53、 new suppliers on the basis of payment in US dollar by confirmed irrevocable sight letter of credit. If your laboratory tests are satisfactory and you can provide us with a good price and service, we will be happy to place more substantial orders on a regular basis. We look forward to receiving an e
54、arly reply to this enquiry. Yours truly,(signature)John P. RogersPurchasing Manager 1. 譯文:執(zhí)事先生:汽車用DVD播放機(jī) 我公司是BM轎車和大客車的生產(chǎn)商,是德州休斯頓的BM公司的子公司。我們正尋求車用DVD播放機(jī)的新供貨商。據(jù)我們所知,貴公司在我國沒有本地分銷商。 隨信附上我方需求的產(chǎn)品的詳細(xì)規(guī)格。 需求數(shù)量:2 500臺(tái) 交貨期:2010年4月20日前(包括20日) 請報(bào)貴方最優(yōu)惠的CIF拉雷多到岸價(jià),并告知產(chǎn)品詳細(xì)規(guī)格。 我們需要你們播放機(jī)的樣品,供實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢驗(yàn)之用,然后才能下訂單。 對于新供貨商,我們
55、的付款方式一般是保兌的、不可撤銷即期信用證,以美元支付。 如貴方產(chǎn)品的實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試令人滿意,并且貴公司能夠提供優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格和 良好的服務(wù)的話,我們很高興在今后經(jīng)常性的向貴公司大量訂貨。 采購部經(jīng)理 約翰羅杰斯 (簽名)謹(jǐn)上 2. May 7, 2010Dear Sirs,We are in receipt of your telegram of May 6, from which we understand that you have booked our order for 2000 dozens of shirts.In reply, we have the pleasure of infor
56、ming you that the confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit No.7634, amounting to $17,000, has been opened this morning through the Commercial Bank, Tokyo. Upon receipt of the same, please arrange shipment of the goods booked by us with the least possible delay. We are informed that s.s. “Wuxi” is sch
57、eduled to sail from your city to our port on May 28. We wish that the shipment will be carried by that steamer.Should this trial order prove satisfactory to our customers, we can assure you that repeat orders in increased quantities will be placed.Your close cooperation in this respect will be highl
58、y appreciated. In the meantime we look forward to your shipping advice.Yours sincerely,(signature)Peter Johnson Trade Department 譯文:敬啟者: 5月6日電悉,貴方已接受我方2 000打襯衫的訂貨。 現(xiàn)我方喜復(fù)第7634號保兌的、不可撤銷信用證已于今晨由東京商業(yè)銀行開出,金額為17 000美元。煩請貴方收到后,立即為我們所訂貨物安排船運(yùn)。另據(jù)悉“無錫”號貨輪定于5月28日從你處開往我港,我們希望由該輪裝運(yùn)此批貨物。 若我方客戶滿意此次試購的產(chǎn)品,我們保證今后繼續(xù)大量訂
59、購。 我們對貴公司在這方面的密切合作深表感謝,同時(shí)盼望貴方的裝運(yùn)通知。 謹(jǐn)此 貿(mào)易部 彼得約翰遜(簽名) 2010年5月7日 3.先生: 貴方9月10日詢價(jià)函已收悉,首先對貴方有興趣購買我方皮鞋和手提包表示感謝。 今天將寄往你處一份配有插圖的出口產(chǎn)品目錄。我方所提供的產(chǎn)品均用優(yōu)質(zhì)皮革制成。鮮艷的色澤、優(yōu)雅的設(shè)計(jì),加之精湛的制作工藝,使這些產(chǎn)品必能滿足貴方市場流行的需求。 我公司有一位代表目前正在香港。他下星期將去貴處拜訪,并隨帶我們手工制作的全套樣品。他已被授權(quán)與貴方商討訂貨條款或談判簽訂合同。如蒙貴方給予他建議和協(xié)助,我們將不勝感激。 敬上 譯文:Dear Sirs, Your inquir
60、y of September 10 has received our attention, and thank you for your interest in our leather shoes and handbags. A copy of illustrated export catalogue will be sent to you today. All the goods we supply are made from leather of superior quality. The bright color and elegant designs together with the
61、 super workmanship can meet the requirement of a fashion trade such as yours. A representative of our company is now in Hong Kong. He will be pleased to call you next week with a full range of samples of our hand-made lines. He is authorized to discuss the terms of order with you or to negotiate a c
62、ontract. We shall be most grateful if you will give him the benefit of your advice and assistance. Yours truly, 4. 瓊斯先生: 我們接受貴方3月8日的還盤,現(xiàn)非常高興地與貴方確認(rèn)我們雙方已就男式皮包買賣達(dá)成交易。從我方廠家獲悉,目前他們每周可生產(chǎn)皮包3萬只。因此,貴方需下月裝運(yùn)的5萬只皮包的訂單可如約履行,敬請放心。 同時(shí),我們想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,貴方信用證必須在本月底前開到我處,否則,裝運(yùn)將會(huì)延遲。 隨函附上一式兩份我方第03M15號銷售確認(rèn)書。請會(huì)簽后寄回我方一份存檔。感謝貴方的合作
63、,相信我們的產(chǎn)品會(huì)令你們滿意的。 銷售經(jīng)理 謹(jǐn)上 譯文:Dear Mr. Jones,Re: Leather Bags for Men We accept your counter-offer of March 8 and are pleased to confirm having concluded the transaction of the captioned goods with you. Our factory has informed us that they can, at present, produce 30,000 bags per week. Thus you may r
64、est assured that your order of 50,000 for shipment next month will be fulfilled as contracted. However, we would like to emphasize that your L/C must reach here by the end of this month. Otherwise, shipment has to be delayed.We enclose with this letter our Sales Confirmation No. 03M15 in duplicate.
65、Please countersign and return us one copy for file. We appreciate your cooperation and trust that our products will turn out to your satisfaction. Sincerely yours, (signature) XXX Sales Manager PART SEVEN 學(xué)習(xí)參考v 1. 世貿(mào)人才網(wǎng):http:/v 2. iciba沙龍網(wǎng):http:/v 3. 應(yīng)用翻譯研究網(wǎng):http:/ PART EIGHT 單元預(yù)告與實(shí)訓(xùn)任務(wù) v1. 下一單元我們將講述
66、外貿(mào)單證翻譯,涉及到進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易過程中有關(guān)單證的翻譯。v2. 請學(xué)生搜集五份外貿(mào)單證并對其進(jìn)行中英翻譯。 補(bǔ)充練習(xí):試用直譯法或意譯法翻譯下列各題I. 請翻譯下列商務(wù)信函。1.June 10, 2010 Dear Sirs, Thank you for your letter of June 8, 2010 referring the offer of acrylic sweaters. In reply, we very much regret to say that we find your price rather high and out of line with prevailing market level. Such being the case, it is impossible for us to accept your price, as the goods of similar quality are easily obtainable here at a lower figure. Should you be prepared to reduce your lim
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