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1、Unit 4 Sharing 核 心 單 詞muddy mudconceptweekly1_ adj.泥濘的；泥土般的_ n泥土2_ n觀念；概念3_ adj.& adv.每周(的)4 ._ adj.有關(guān)的；切題的relevantremote5_ adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的6_ vi.& vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合_ n 調(diào)整；適合_ adj.可調(diào)整的adjustableadjust adjustment 7_ n臺；平臺；講臺；(火車站的)月臺8_ vi.參與；參加_ n參加；參與_ n參與者platformparticipate9_ conj.否則；不然adv.用別的方法；其他方面1 0_ n特權(quán)

2、；特別優(yōu)待participation1 1_ n安排；排列_ v安排；排列participantotherwiseprivilege 1 2_ vt.烤(面包等)；敬酒n烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯arrangement arrangetoast1 3_ n宇航員；太空人astronaut 1 4_ vt.捐贈_ n捐贈_ n捐贈者donate donation donatorvoluntary1 5_ adj.自愿的；志愿的；無償?shù)腳n自愿者；志愿者 vi.自愿做volunteerpurchase1 6_ vt.& n買；購買anniversary1 7_ n周年紀(jì)念(日)_ adj.一年一

3、度的annual political politics1 8_ adj.政治的；政黨的_ n政治1 9_ vt.分配；分發(fā)_ n分配；分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài)distribute distribution security secure2 0_ n安全；保護(hù)；保障_ adj.安全的；有保障的v使安全；保衛(wèi)；防護(hù)vt.操作_ n手2 1_ vi.工作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)術(shù)；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)_ n操作人員operate operationoperator 常 考 短 語 hear dyingotherrelevant1_ from 接到的信2(be) _ to 極想；渴望participate3the_ day 不久前的一天4be_

4、 to 和有關(guān)5_ in 參與；參加6dry _ (使浸水等之物)完全變干；干透 7dry _ (指河流、井等)干涸8in_ 在困難中；在危急中outupneed getcomestick9_ through 完成；穿過1 0_ across 偶然遇到或發(fā)現(xiàn)；碰見；被理解1 1_ out 伸出share with1 2_ sth._ sb.和某人共享某物1 3to be _ 說實在的1 4_ down 熄滅；減弱1 5_ out 絕種；消滅honestdiedie 經(jīng) 典 佳 句 most of whom1 Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry i

5、s to thesestudents, _ _ _ will be going back to theirvillages after Year 8 anyway.有時候，我真想知道化學(xué)對這些孩子究竟有多大的用處。畢竟他們中大多數(shù)讀完八年級以后就回到他們的村莊去了。whether2 You asked _ Im getting to know any local people.你問我是否認(rèn)識當(dāng)?shù)氐睦习傩铡?課 文 回 顧 whosetookto get arrivedJo worked at a bush school 1 ._ classrooms weremade of bamboo an

6、d the roofs of grass.Theres no electricity orwater there.It 2 ._ (take) the students about two hours3 ._ (get) to school.Jo hoped to make some difference tothe childrens lives by teaching them.The other day, Jo visitedTombes home.When they 4 ._ at the village, Tombesmother who 5 ._ (work) in the gar

7、den, started crying “ieee ieee”Tombes father led them to his house, 6 ._ lowhad been working a stickingwhich newlygoodbyesbamboo hut with grass 7 ._ (stick) out of the roof, in8 ._ he could only see a few tin plates and cups andgrass.That night Jo and Jenny slept on a 9 ._ (new) madeplatform. They l

8、eft the village the next morning after many1 0 ._ (goodbye) and firm handshakes. 單句語法填空donate participating drying1(2 0 1 7 年 北 京 卷 完 形 填 空 )More recently，the foundationbegan another campaign called National Red Scarf Daya daywhen people _ (donate) $ 2 0 and wear red scarves insupport of Canadas hun

9、gry and homeless.2With so many students _ (participate) in thecompetition, it is difficult for you to defend your championship.3 Global warming is an increasingly huge concern for theworld, which has led to many rivers and lakes _ (dry) upthese years. 4To our surprise, the _ (operate) on her heart l

10、astedthree hours. operationwas distributing on5The teacher _ (distribute) the sweetsamong the children when a boy burst out crying.6I am afraid your leg will have to be operated _；there is no other way to stop the pain. be adjusted7This kind of camera can _ (adjust) to theheight you need.Besides, it

11、s not expensive at all. 8When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to_ (live) on his own.living 9 You should participate with your friend _ hissufferings. involuntary1 0We are willing to participate in the _(volunteer) activity. 1relevant adj.有 關(guān) 的 ； 切 題 的be relevant to 與有關(guān)relevance n

12、相關(guān)；相關(guān)性；適當(dāng)have no relevance to sth.與沒有相關(guān)性【 名 師 指 津 】relevant 的反義詞是 irrelevant，意為“不相關(guān)的；不切題的 ” 。 類 似 的 有 ： regular/irregular, religious/irreligious,responsible/irresponsible。 運(yùn) 用單句語法填空(1 )His nationality isnt relevant _ whether he is agood lawyer.(2 )Politicians private lives have no _ (relevant)to the

13、ir public roles. tor l v ceis(3 )In the exams, make sure that everything you write_ (be) relevant to the questions you have been asked. 2adjust vi.& vt.調(diào) 整 ； (使 )適 合adjust/adapt (oneself) to sth.使(自己)適合/適應(yīng)于某事adjust to (doing) sth.調(diào)整(做)某事adjustable adj.可調(diào)整的adjustment n調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)make an adjustment to 對作出調(diào)整

14、辨 析 adjust 和 adapt(1 )adjust: to change sth.slightly to make it more suitable，強(qiáng)調(diào) “逐步，慢慢地調(diào)整以適應(yīng)”。(2 )adapt: to change sth.in order to make it suitable for a newuse or situation，表示為了適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境或目的去調(diào)整。 adjust toadjustments運(yùn) 用單句語法填空(1 )I really hope you can _ (adjustment) your emotionand be happy every day.(2

15、 )However, I think that you will quickly adjust _them although the weather and the food are different from yours.(3 )Our school will have to make _ (adjust) inagreement with the national soccer reform. 3participate vi.參 與 ； 參 加 ； 有 關(guān) 系participate in (doing) sth.參加(做)某事participate with sb.in sth.與某人分

16、擔(dān)某事；同某人一起參與某事participant n參加者；參與的人辨 析 participate in, attend, join, take part in 和 join in(1 )participate in 是正式用語，表示“參加、參與”。強(qiáng)調(diào) 與他人共同參加某一活動，暗示以一種積極的態(tài)度參加。(2 )attend 是正式用語，一般用于指參加會議、出席典禮或招待會等，也可以指上學(xué)、聽課、聽演講或講座等。 (3 )join 是常用詞，做及物動詞；通常指參加某組織或團(tuán)體，并成為其中的一員，其賓語往往是 the army/party/team/club 或sb.等。(4 )take par

17、t in 指參加群眾性的活動，側(cè)重說明主語參加該項活動并在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。part 前若有修飾語，要用不定冠詞，如 take (an active) part in school/activities。(5 )join in 指參加正在進(jìn)行的活動，其賓語一般是競賽、娛 樂、談話、討論、聚會、游戲等名詞，可以用于 join in (doing)sth./join sb.in (doing) sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。 運(yùn) 用用上面的辨析詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空(1 )At the age of eight, he _ a group ofchild-dancers. joinedtook part in

18、attend(2 )The children _ the English evening andhad a good time. participate(3 )He didnt _ school yesterday because ofhis illness.(4 )You should _ the creative process. 4operate vi.工 作 ； 運(yùn) 轉(zhuǎn) ； 營 業(yè) ； 動 手 術(shù) vt.操 作 ； 經(jīng) 營operate on sb.(for some disease) 給某人動手術(shù)operation n操作；運(yùn)作；手術(shù)perform/carry out an oper

19、ation 做手術(shù)in operation 在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)之中；生效；開始實行come into operation 生效put/bring sth.into operation 使起作用/生效 operator n操作員；技工；管理者；接線員 【 一 詞 多 義 】(1 )People were trapped between floors because the lift didntoperate properly.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(2 )No matter which machine he operates, he will deal with itcarefully.操作(3 )If the doctor

20、 had operated on him earlier, he wouldnt havedied.動手術(shù)(4 )The medicine will operate in ten minutes.起作用 (5 )The people operating these factories are deeply concernedabout the environment.經(jīng)營 on operation運(yùn) 用單句語法填空(1 )The doctor suggested that you _(operate) on.(2 )The doctors operated _ the patient but

21、failed tosave his life.(3 )The local government will put the new law into _(operate) next month. (should) be operated 1(be) dying to 極 想 ； 渴 望【 名 師 指 津 】常見的同義短語有：be dying/eager for/to do sth., long for/todo sth., be thirsty for/to do sth.等。運(yùn) 用單句語法填空to haveis dying for(1 )I am very tired and I am dyi

22、ng _ (have) a goodrest. (2 )Firstly, as a student who _ (die) to learn knowledgenow, it is necessary to build an effective method in your study.(3 )You said you would help me with my English in your lastletter, which is exactly what I am dying _. 2dry out (使 浸 水 等 之 物 )完 全 變 干 ； 干 透dry up (指河流、井等)干涸

23、dry off (使)變干；干透；弄干【 名 師 指 津 】 out updry sb.out 使某人戒掉酒癮運(yùn) 用用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~填空(1 )Dry _ he wet clothes in the sun.(2 )During the drought, the rivers dried _. 3in need 在 困 難 中 ； 在 危 急 中in need of 需要satisfy/meet ones needs 滿足某人的需要There is no need for sb.to do sth./for doing sth.某人沒必要做某事【 聯(lián) 想 發(fā) 散 】in trouble 處于困境中

24、in danger 處于危險中in order 按順序；整齊in common 共同；共有 in debt 欠債in fact 事實上；實際上in peace 安靜；寧靜；和平in public 當(dāng)眾；公開in surprise 吃驚；驚訝地 in time 及時；來得及 運(yùn) 用完成句子，每空一詞(1 )給那些困難中的孩子捐些書和體育器材要比空喊口號更有意義。in needin orderInstead of shouting empty slogans ，it is more meaningful todonate books and sports goods to children _ _

25、.(2 )我將依次回答你這三個問題。I will answer your three questions _ _. (3 )受戰(zhàn)爭、貧窮和疾病的折磨，許多非洲的孩子需要食物、愛和關(guān)心。in need ofSuffering from war, poverty and illness, many Africanchildren are _ _ _ food, love and care.(4 )你沒有必要擔(dān)心他的未來。_ _ _ for you to be concerned abouthis future.Theres no need 原 句 1 We walked for two and a

26、 half hours to gettherefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantasticviews and then down a steep path to the valley below.我們走了兩個半小時才到了那兒。先爬到了一座山的山頂，從那兒我們欣賞到了優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景，然后又沿著陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。from where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 a ridge，在“介詞關(guān)系詞”型定語從句中，關(guān)系詞常為 which 或 whom，關(guān)系副詞where 和 when 之前一般不加介詞，比較特殊的有 from where

27、和 sincewhen。 運(yùn) 用單句語法填空wherefrom(1 )China is the birthplace of kites, from _ kiteflyingspread to Japan, Korea and India.when what(2 )Alice stood at the window, _ where she couldwatch her classmates playing football.(3 )My brother graduated from Beijing Normal University in2 0 0 1 , since _ he has wor

28、ked as a teacher in a middleschool.(4 )They climbed to the top of the tower, from where theycould see _ was happening in the distance. 原 句 2 It was such a privilege to have spent a day withTombes family.跟湯貝一家度過一天真是榮幸之至?！癐t is/was a privilege (for sb.) to do sth.”意為“(對某人來說)做某事真是榮幸”。運(yùn) 用單句語法填空to talkit

29、 privileged(1 )Its a privilege for me _ (talk) with you.(2 )Ladies and gentlemen, _ is a great privilege for meto introduce our speaker for tonight.(3 )We consider ourselves _ (privilege) to havebeen invited to give a speech here. 原 句 3 The gift you give is not something your loved onekeeps but a vo

30、luntary contribution towards the lives of people whoreally need it.你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人留念的，而是給那些確有生活需要的人的一項志愿性捐助。not.but.意思是“不是，而是”，連接兩個表語。注 意 ： not.but.連 接 兩 個 平 行 成 分 ， 當(dāng) 連 接 兩 個 主 語 時 ，謂 語 動 詞 的 數(shù) 按 照“就 近 一 致 ” 原 則 確 定 。 運(yùn) 用單句語法填空(1 )It is not how much we do but how much love we put intowhat we do that

31、_ (benefit) our work most.(2 )As is known to us all, if we are in trouble, it is not ourphones _ our friends that can help us out.(3 )It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses thesetools _ makes him a scientist.benefitsbutthat fromattendedacross himselfactivities運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言基礎(chǔ)知識，補(bǔ)充完整下面短文，并背誦下來I

32、 have been dying to hear 1 ._ my elder brother sincehe 2_ (attend) college in September, where he shares thedormitory with other three college classmates and he came3 ._ some of his middle school classmates.Soon after hewent to college, he adapted 4 ._ (he) to the life there.Toimprove himself, my br

33、other participated in all sorts of out-of-class5 ._ (activity) and recently he attended a class on the art of arrangementthat need to buyweekendsflower 6 ._ (arrange)He is so kind-hearted a student7 ._ he donated a lot of his favourite books to the HopeProject the other day.Besides, he is in 8 ._ (n

34、eedy) of a newcomputer, but he doesnt have enough money 9 ._ (buy) oneand therefore, he plans to get a part-time job at 1 0 ._(weekend) 短 文 改 錯 (一 )短 文 改 錯 之 名 詞 與 代 詞1名 詞遇到名詞首先注意區(qū)分名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；其次還可以根據(jù)名詞前的修飾語或謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷。此外，還要注意名詞的所有格。名詞的常考點(diǎn)有： (1 )在 three，one and a half，several，few，many，one of，aco

35、uple of，a large number of，scores of，dozens of 等詞語后，或雖沒有這些詞但語境提示我們，本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。(2 )像 advice，homework，information，news，progress，fun，equipment，furniture，baggage，luggage，jewellery，clothing 等不可數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。 (3 )該用名詞的所有格，而沒有用。 常見名詞類錯誤：(1 )單復(fù)數(shù)或所有格錯誤【 例 】 (2 0 1 5 年 新 課 標(biāo) 卷 短 文 改 錯 )The air

36、s we breathe inis getting dirtier and dirtier.解 析 ： airsair。 由 后 面 的 定 語 從 句 “ we breathe”可 知 ， 此處 先 行 詞 的 意 思 是“空 氣”， air 當(dāng)“空 氣”講 時 為 不 可 數(shù) 名詞 。 故 airs 改 為 air。 (2 )詞性轉(zhuǎn)換錯誤【 例 】 (2 0 1 6 年 新 課 標(biāo) 卷 短 文 改 錯 )My uncle tells me thatthe key to his success is honest.解 析 ： honesthonesty 。 由 句 意 “ 他 成 功 的 關(guān)

37、 鍵 是 誠 信(honesty)”可 知 應(yīng) 當(dāng) 用 名 詞 形 式 。 故 honest 改 為 honesty。 (1 )When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots ofclothes._(2 )He has ruined his healthy._ 答 案 解 析 ：（1）friendfriends。句意：當(dāng)我最后到達(dá)“我朋友的家(myfriends)”時，他借給我許多衣服。故 friend 改為 friends。（2）healthyhealth。在形容詞性物主代詞后應(yīng)用名詞，故把 healthy 改為 health。 2代

38、詞對于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用，注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致。?？嫉拇~包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問代詞等。對于代詞的考查，要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1 )順藤摸瓜，理清短文中代詞的指代關(guān)系，注意聯(lián)系上下 文，要注意人稱一致、單復(fù)數(shù)一致以及性別的一致關(guān)系。(2 )注意人稱代詞格的誤用，以及物主代詞、反身代詞或疑問代詞等的錯用。 (3 )系統(tǒng)掌握 it 的各種用法。(4 )準(zhǔn)確把握不定代詞在文中的正確使用。常見代詞類錯誤：(1 )人稱不一致【 例 】 (2 0 1 7 年 新 課 標(biāo) 卷 短 文 改 錯 )This picture of

39、tenbrings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.解 析 ： yourmy。 從 整 個 語 境 以 及 句 子 的 主 語 來 看 ， 此 處指“我 高 中 時 代 的 美 好 回 憶 ” ， 故 把 your 改 為 my。 (2 )代詞混用【 例 】 (2 0 1 6 年 新 課 標(biāo) 卷 短 文 改 錯 )If we go on a tripabroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannotget from books.解 析 ： yo

40、urour。 根 據(jù) 前 面 的 主 語 we 可 知 ， 此 處 要 用 our，表 示 “ 我 們 能 夠 開 闊 我 們 的 (our)視 野 ” ， 故 把 your 改 為 our。 (3 )漏掉代詞【 例 】 (2 0 1 7 年 新 課 標(biāo) 卷 短 文 改 錯 )In the summer holidayfollowing my eighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons.I stillremember how hard first day was.解 析 ： 在 first 前 加 the/my。 句 意 ： 我 仍 然 記 得 第

41、一 天 是 多么 艱 難 。 表 示 特 指“上 駕 駛 課 的 第 一 天 ” “ 我 (上 駕 駛 課 )的 第一 天 ” ， 故 first day 前 面 加 the/my。 (1 )(2 0 1 5 年 浙 江 卷 短 文 改 錯 )Close to the school there was abeautiful park with many trees around them._(2 )If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher willlead back to the classroom._(3 )Five minutes later，Tony saw parents. _ 答 案 解 析 ：(1 )themit。with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是做定語修飾 park 的，所以這里的代詞指的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 park，故 them 改為 it。(2 )lead后加 you 。 lead 后缺少賓語 ， 根 據(jù) 前 面 的 “yourteacher”可知 lead 后加 you。(3 )parents 前加 his。句意：五分鐘后，Tony 看見了他的父母。沒有限定詞 his 句意不夠完整，故在 parents 前加上 his。