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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,Subjunctive Mood,虛擬語(yǔ)氣（二）,設(shè)類型,if,條件從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,主句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,與現(xiàn)在,事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去時(shí),(be,用,were,而不用,was),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),should/would do,或：,could/might do,I am not a bird.If I were a bird,I could fly.,我不是一只鳥(niǎo)。如果我是一只鳥(niǎo)，我就會(huì)飛。,與過(guò)去,事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去完成時(shí),had done,過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí),should/would/could/might have

2、done,He failed in the exam again.If he had studied hard,he would have passed the exam.,他考不及格了，如果他努力的話，他就考試過(guò)關(guān)。,與將來(lái),事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去時(shí),或,should do/were to do,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),should/would do,或：,could/might do,It will not rain tomorrow.If it rained,he would stay at home.,明天不下雨。如果明天下雨的話，他就呆在家,虛擬語(yǔ)氣知識(shí)回顧,觀察哪句是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,設(shè)類型,if,

3、條件從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,主句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,與現(xiàn)在,事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去時(shí),(be,用,were,而不用,was),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),should/would do,或：,could/might do,與過(guò)去,事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去完成時(shí),had done,過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí),should/would/could/might have done,2.,如果你當(dāng)初聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的話,現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)好了。,(,從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,),If you,had listened,to the doctor,，,you,would be,all right now.,1.,如果你當(dāng)初聽(tīng)醫(yī)生的話,你那時(shí)就已經(jīng)好了。,(,從

4、句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,),If you,had listened,to the doctor,，,you,would have been,all,right now.,我是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間,觀察哪句是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,設(shè)類型,if,條件從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,主句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,與現(xiàn)在,事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去時(shí),(be,用,were,而不用,was),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),should/would do,或：,could/might do,與過(guò)去,事實(shí)相反,過(guò)去完成時(shí),had done,過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí),should/would/could/might have done,2.,如果我是你的話,我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)

5、昨晚那場(chǎng)電影。,(,從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,),If I,were,you,，,I,wouldnt have missed,the movie.,1.,如果我是你的話,我就去看電影。,(,從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,),If I,were,you,，,I,would go,to see the movie.,我是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間,1,、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣,-,事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合,事實(shí)：,I,fully occupied.,上周我本來(lái)會(huì)和她去北京的，但我太忙了。,假設(shè)和事實(shí)混合：,上周我沒(méi)有和她去北京，我太忙了。,I to Beijing with her last week.,

6、I to Beijing with her last,week,but I,fully occupied.,didnt go,was,would have gone,was,我是假設(shè)，是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,我是事實(shí)，是陳述語(yǔ)氣,一、虛擬條件句的幾種特,殊情況,2,、含蓄虛擬條件句,=,air,，,no one could live.,1)If there were no air,，,no one could live.,2)If it hadnt been for his help,，,I would have failed,.,沒(méi)有空氣，人就不能活。,要不是有他的幫助，我就會(huì)失敗了。,=,his he

7、lp,，,I would have failed.,含蓄條件句中沒(méi)有明顯的虛擬條件,if,從句，,而利用其他暗示存在虛擬條件。常見(jiàn)有介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如,without,，,but for,，,but that,等，,都可以轉(zhuǎn)化為,if,引導(dǎo)的條件句。,Without,But for/that,2,、含蓄虛擬條件句,=I didnt know that he was a cheat,，,_,I,wouldnt have believed him.,3)If I had known he was a cheat,I wouldnt have,believed him.,),我不知道他是個(gè)騙子，不然

8、我也不會(huì)相信,他了。,含蓄條件句中通過(guò)上下文及內(nèi)在含義，句中往往有,but,，,otherwise,，,or,，,or else,等詞。,or else,4)If I were not so busy,I would certainly go,there with you.,=,Im really very busy,，,_ I would,certainly go there with you.,otherwise,=_ I a bird,，,I could fly freely.,1)If I were a bird,，,I could fly freely.,假如我是一只小鳥(niǎo)，我就能自由

9、翱翔。,Were,2)If it should rain next week,，,we would put the,sports meeting off.,=,_ it rain next week,，,we would put the,sports meeting off.,3,、虛擬條件句中的倒裝,Should,要是下周下雨的話，我們就推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。,3)If we had known each other earlier,，,I would have,helped you to set up the company.,=_ we known each other earlier,，,I w

10、ould,have helped you to set up the company.,如果我們?cè)缇驼J(rèn)識(shí)的話，我就幫助你開(kāi)辦公司了。,Had,當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)中有,were,，,had,或,should,時(shí)，可以將從屬連詞,if,省略，同時(shí)將,were,，,had,或,should,放到,主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成半倒裝。,二、其他從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1,主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,句型：,It is+adj./n./V-ed,+that,從句,It is very strange that he should not come.,很奇怪，他竟然沒(méi)有來(lái)。,It is a pity that we should

11、not meet last night.,真遺憾我們昨天晚上沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。,在表示驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的主語(yǔ)從句中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,(should,),動(dòng)詞原形，,主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不限。形容詞有：,disappointing/surprising/upsetting/frightening/curious/important/strange/proper/necessary/natural,2,主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1)My suggestion is that we,(should)go,there at once.,我的建議是我們應(yīng)該立即去那里。,2)

12、We followed his advice that we,should ask,our teacher for help.,我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求老師的幫助。,表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等的名詞,advice,，,desire,，,decision,，,idea,，,instruction,，,order,，,plan,，,proposal,，,recommendation,，,request,，,requirement,，,suggestion,，,wish,等充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)而后面接表語(yǔ)從句或它們后面接同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,(should,),動(dòng)詞原形。,3,方

13、式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1)They,began to talk,warmly as if they,had known,each other for long.,他們開(kāi)始熱烈地談?wù)撈饋?lái)就好像他們已相互認(rèn)識(shí)很久,2)He,coughed,twice as if someone,should come,.,他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來(lái)了。,表示動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬形式,動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,had,過(guò)去分詞,動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般過(guò)去時(shí),(be,動(dòng)詞用,were),動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后,would/could/should/might,動(dòng)詞原形,*,從句動(dòng)作“認(rèn)識(shí)”發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)

14、作“交談”之前，用,過(guò)去完成時(shí),*,從句動(dòng)作“來(lái)”發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作“咳嗽”之后，用,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用法,1,It is high time that we,had,supper.,我們?cè)摮酝盹埩恕?*,句型：,It is(high/about)time that.that,從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句謂語(yǔ)用,過(guò)去時(shí),或“,should,動(dòng)詞原形,”，,should,不可省略,。,2,If only I,were,a flying bird!,如果我是一只飛鳥(niǎo)該多好?。?If only I,had seen,the film!,如果我看過(guò)那部電影該多好??！,在,if only,引導(dǎo)的感嘆句

15、中也要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與,現(xiàn)在或未來(lái),事實(shí)相反的愿望用,一般過(guò)去時(shí),或“,would/could,動(dòng)詞原形,”；表示與,過(guò)去,事實(shí)相反的愿望用,過(guò)去完成時(shí),，常譯為“要是,就好了”。,.,句型轉(zhuǎn)換,1,If I had studied science,，,and not literature then,，,I would be able to give you more help.,science,，,and not literature then,，,I would be able to give you more help.,2,The teacher required all work

16、 to be finished before school was over.,The teacher required that all work,before school was over.,3,If I hadnt run all the way to school yesterday,，,I would have been late for the talent show.,I,all the way to school yesterday,，,I would have been late for the talent show.,4,If he were an eagle,，,he could fly everywhere.,，,he could fly everywhere.,Had I studied,be finished,ran,otherwise,Were he an eagle,5,If it hadnt been for the teachers help,，,I wouldnt have made so much progress.,the teachers