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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,*,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),物理實(shí)驗(yàn)緒論,(,習(xí)題部分,),(1)L=0.00001 cm,1,位,有效數(shù),(2)T=1.0001 s,5,位,有效數(shù),(3)E=2.7,10 J,2,位,有效數(shù),(4)g=980.12306 cm/s,8,位,有效數(shù),1.,指出下列各量是幾位有效數(shù)：,重點(diǎn),：,有效數(shù)字為可靠數(shù)字加上末位一位可疑數(shù)字。,2.,根據(jù)測(cè)量不確定度和有效數(shù)字概念,改正以下測(cè)量 結(jié)果表達(dá)式，寫出正確答案。,重點(diǎn),：,不確定度的有效數(shù)字只取一位，測(cè)量結(jié)果的,最后一位與其對(duì)齊。,(1)d=(10.,4,0.,3,)cm,(,對(duì)齊,

2、),(2)E=(1.9,2,0.0,5,)v,(,對(duì)齊,),(3)L=(10.,8,0.,2,)mm,(,取一位再對(duì)齊,),(4)P=(3.1,7,0.0,2,)X10 Kg,(,取一位再對(duì)齊,),(5)R=(1.23,5,0.00,4,)X10,(,對(duì)齊,),(6)I=(5.35,4,0.00,5,)X10mA,(,取一位再對(duì)齊,),(7)L=(10.,0,0.,1,)mm,(,取一位再對(duì)齊,),3.,判斷下列各式的正誤,寫出有效數(shù)字的正確答案,重點(diǎn),:,加減法運(yùn)算結(jié)果的有效數(shù)字與分量中估計(jì)位最高的 為準(zhǔn),.,乘除法運(yùn)算結(jié)果的有效數(shù)字位數(shù)與各分量中有效數(shù)字最少的相同,.,(1)1.732,X

3、,1.74,=,3.01,(2)628.7,7.8,=,81,(3)(38.4+4.256),2.0,=,21,(4)(17.34 17.13)X 14.28=,3.0,0.21,4.,換算下列各測(cè)量值的單位,重點(diǎn),：,單位換算不要改變有效數(shù)字的位數(shù)。,4.80,cm=(,4.80,X10)m=(,4.80,X10)mm,30.70,g=(,30.70,X10)Kg=(,30.70,X10)mg,3.50,mA=(,3.50,X10)A=(,3.50,X10),A,5,.,用一千分尺,測(cè)量一鋼球直徑,D,為,7.985mm,、,7.986mm,、,7.987mm,、,7.986mm,、,7.9

4、87mm,、,7.985mm,、,7.985mm,、,7.986mm,。求鋼球直徑平均值和不確定度，并寫出測(cè)量,結(jié)果的完整表達(dá)式。,6.,已知質(zhì)量,m=(213.040.05)g,的銅圓柱體，用,0,125mm,、,分度為,0.02mm,的游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)得其高度,h,為,80.38mm,、,80.37mm,、,80.36mm,、,80.37mm,、,80.36mm,、,80.38mm,；用一級(jí),0,25mm,千分尺測(cè)得其直徑,d,為,19.465mm,、,19.466mm,、,19.465mm,、,19.464mm,、,19.467mm,、,19.466mm,。求該銅柱體的密度。,附加題,1.,用

5、游標(biāo)卡尺（精度,mm),測(cè)量工件長(zhǎng)度共,9,次，測(cè)量值,L(mm,),分別為：,63.56,、,63.58,、,63.54,、,63.56,、,63.54,、,63.56,、,63.60,、,63.58,、,63.52,，求其算術(shù)平均值，測(cè)量不確定度，并寫出測(cè)量結(jié)果的完整表達(dá)式,L=,9,L,i,=,63.56,(mm),(Li L),S,L,=,0.024,(mm),9 1,u=,儀,=,0.02,(mm),U=S,L,+u=,3.1X10,(mm),L=LU=(,63.560.04,)mm,附加題,2.,用千分尺,(,分度值為,0.01mm,）,測(cè)得鋼球直徑,D(mm,),共,9,次，其值

6、分別為：,24.268,、,24.256,、,24.258,、,24.262,、,24.260,、,24.244,、,24.242,、,24.252,、,24.246,。千分尺的零點(diǎn)讀數(shù),d,。,=0.012mm,，,求,鋼球的體積，不確定度，寫出測(cè)量結(jié)果的完整表達(dá)式。,=,24.242,(mm),S,D,=,8.9,X10(mm),u=,5,X10(mm),U,D,=S,D,+u=,10,X10(mm),V=,6,(D)=,7459.4,(mm),取3.14159,U,V,=,2,(D)U,D,=,9.2,(mm),V=VU,V,=(,7461,)X10(mm),附加題,3.,單擺擺球直徑,

7、d=2.600 cm,擺長(zhǎng),d,2,實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得不同擺長(zhǎng)下個(gè)周期（）的時(shí)間,t,如下表所示，用圖解法求重力加速度,g.,L,1,(cm),48.70,58.70,68.70,78.70,88.70,98.70,t,(S),70.90,77.81,84.02,89.74,95.13,100.44,L,(cm),47.4,57.4,67.4,77.4,87.4,97.4,T,(S,),2.01,2.42,2.82,3.22,3.62,4.04,45.0 55.0 65.0 75.0 85.0 95.0,L(cm),T(S),4.00,3.50,3.00,2.50,2.00,+,+,+,+,+,+,TL

8、,曲線,(5mm0.1 S 2mm1 cm),(,90.0,3.74,),(,50.0,2.14,),55.0 60.0,57.4,57,為可靠數(shù)字,0.4,為可疑數(shù)字,3.00,3.20,3.23,3.2,為可靠數(shù)字,0.03,為可疑數(shù)字,K=,4.00,X10(S,cm,),g=4,L T,g=4 k=,987,(,cm S,),(3.74-2.14),(90.0 50.0),作圖步驟,：,準(zhǔn)備作圖數(shù)據(jù)（注意有效位數(shù)）,在坐標(biāo)紙上確定坐標(biāo)軸的比例與標(biāo)度,注明圖名分度說明標(biāo)記完整,根據(jù)作圖數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描點(diǎn)描點(diǎn)符號(hào)要正確,根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)繪出光滑的直線或曲線,在直線或曲線上選點(diǎn)并標(biāo)記坐標(biāo),根據(jù)線上兩點(diǎn)求斜率,最后算出結(jié)果,