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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,中國人民大學財政金融學院國際金融精品課程,1,第,3,章,外匯衍生產品市場,FX Derivatives Market,2,教學要點,外匯遠期,(FX Forwards),外匯期貨,(FX Futures),外匯期權,(FX Options),外匯互換,(FX Swaps),3,外匯遠期,本質上是一種預約買賣外匯的交易,買賣雙方簽訂合同,約定買賣外匯的幣種、數額、匯率和交割時間,到規(guī)定的交割日期或在約定的交割期內,按照合同規(guī)定條件完成交割,4,外匯遠期分類,定期外匯遠期交易,固定交割日期,在成交日順延相應遠
2、期期限后進行交割,擇期外匯遠期交易,不固定交割日期,零售外匯市場上,銀行在約定期限內給予客戶交割日選擇權,5,基本特征,場外交易,沒有標準化的透明性的條款,違約風險顯著,可能要求合約對手方提供擔保,到期前不能轉讓,合約簽訂時無價值,外匯遠期只是一種約定,既非資產也非負債,6,報價方法,遠期匯率直接報價法,外匯銀行直接報遠期匯率,瑞士、日本等國采用此法,遠期差價報價法,外匯銀行在即期匯率之外,標出遠期升貼水,也可采用報標準遠期升貼水的做法,掉期率報價法,外匯銀行在即期匯率之外,標出掉期率,7,擇期遠期匯率的確定,擇期交易為客戶提供外匯交割靈活性,在價格確定上則傾向于對銀行有利,遠期外匯升水時,銀
3、行以交割有效期期初匯率為外匯買入價,遠期外匯貼水時,銀行以交割有效期期末匯率為外匯賣出價,8,遠期匯率的確定,利息平價定理,如果兩種相似金融工具的預期收益不同,資金就會從一種工具轉移到另一種工具,相似金融工具的預期收益率相等時達到均衡,國際金融套利,如果經過匯率調整,一國某種金融工具的預期收益率仍高于另一國相似金融工具,資金就會跨國移動,資金在國際間的轉移,必然影響相關國家可貸資金市場的供求,影響利率水平,進而影響到匯率,9,遠期匯率的確定,假設條件,某美國居民可持有一年期美元資產或英鎊資產,兩國利率分別是,R,h,和,R,f,英鎊兌美元即期匯率為,S,,,1,年期遠期匯率為,F,10,遠期匯
4、率的確定,R,h,11,遠期匯率的確定,R,h,12,利用外匯遠期套期保值,5,4,3,2,進口土豆英國商人,銀行,出口土豆美國商人,進口,土豆,300,萬美元,遠期美元,多頭合約,300,萬,美元,英鎊,按照合約約定的價格,1=$1.7880,賣給銀行,167.79,萬,英鎊,1,6,300,萬美元,3,月后,3,月后,3,月后,情形,1,:,1=$1.8000,,支付,166.67,萬英鎊,情形,2,:,1=$1.7760,,支付,168.92,萬英鎊,13,利用外匯遠期套利,如果某投資者持有,1000,萬日元,日元年利率,4,,美元年利率,10,;即期匯率,USD1=JPY 100,若,
5、3,個月遠期匯率有兩種狀況:,(,1,),USD1=JPY101.50,(,2,),USD1=JPY98.00,在日本投資的本利和,(以日元計價,萬元),在美國投資的本利和,(以日元計價,萬元),套利盈利,(以日元計價,萬元),1000,(,1,4,3/12,),=1010,1000/10098,(,1,10,3/12,),=1005,1000/100101.5,(,1,10,3/12,),=1040,1005-1010=,-5,1040-1010=30,兩種遠期匯率下的掉期套利收益比較,14,外匯期貨,指在有組織的交易場所內,以公開叫價方式確定匯率,交易標準交割日期、標準交割數量的外匯,19
6、72,年芝加哥商品交易所(,CME,)開辟國際貨幣市場,(IMM),,完成首筆外匯期貨交易,15,CMEGROUP,43,種,FX,期貨,37,種,FX,期權,,2008,年日均交易額達到,$48,億,合約,3,萬個,美式期權:,AUD/USD,CAD/USD,CHF/USD,CME$INDEX,CZK/USD,CZK/EUR,EUR/USD,EUR/CHF,EUR/GBP,EUR/JPY,GBP/USD,HUF/USD,HUF/EUR,ILS/USD,JPY/USD,NZD/USD,PLN/USD,PLN/EUR,RUB/USD,歐式期權,:AUD/USD,CAD/USD,CHF/USD,E
7、UR/USD,GBP/USD,JPY/USD,季度期權、月期權、周期權,4JM09 P=the fourth weekly JPY/USD June 2009 put option,“,PJM09 P8400,”,is the price for the June 2009 8400 put options for JPY/USD futures,最后交易日,到期日, Size,:,125,000 Swiss francs,Contract Month Listings,Six months in the March quarterly cycle(Mar,Jun,Sep,Dec),Settl
8、ement,Physical delivery,Position Accountability,10,000 contracts,Ticker Symbol,CME Globex Electronic Markets:6S,Open Outcry:SF,AON Code:LS,Minimum Price Fluctuation(Tick),Trading can occur in$.0001 per Swiss franc increments($12.50/contract)and in$.00005 per Swiss franc increments($6.25/contract)ele
9、ctronically,and for AON transactions.,17,CHF/USDOptions,Ticker Symbol,Quarterly and serial options:Open Outcry Calls:CF Puts:PF;Globex:6S,Weekly options:Open Outcry:1S-5S;Globex:6S1-6S5,Volatility-quoted options:V6S,Volatility-quoted weekly options:VS1-VS5,Pricing Conventions and Calculating Cash Pr
10、emiums,A Swiss franc option price of 2.93 is equivalent to 2.93 x 0.01=0.0293 when the price is quoted in full.,The cash price of the option is 0.0293 x 125,000(contract size)=$3,662.50.,Minimum Price Fluctuation(Tick),$.0001 per Swiss franc=$12.50/contract;,trades may occur at$.00005($6.25),$.00015
11、($18.75),$.00025($31.25),$.00035($43.75)and$.00045($56.25),which are less than five ticks of premium.,18,CME$INDEX futures,The CME$INDEX futures contract is a geometric index of seven currencies developed by CME Group.,Currency Component Weights for 2008,European Union/Euro(44.3653),Japan/Yen(22.821
12、0),United Kingdom/Pound(15.6857),Switzerland/Franc(5.4690),Australia/Dollar(3.9662),Canada/Dollar(3.5250),Sweden/Krona(4.1678),19,RMB/USDFutures,Contract Size,1,000,000 Chinese renminbi,Contract Month Listings,Thirteen consecutive calendar months plus two deferred March quarterly,cycle contract mont
13、hs,Settlement,Cash-settled,Position Accountability/Position Limits:,Position Accountability Trigger Levels:6,000 contracts;,Position Limit:2,000 contracts for Spot month*,Ticker Symbol,CME Globex Electronic Markets:RMB,Minimum Price Fluctuation(Tick),Trading can occur in$.00001 per Chinese renminbi
14、increments($10.00/contract).Also,trades can occur in$.000005 per Chinese renminbi increments($5.00/contract)for RMB/USD futures intra-currency spreads executed electronically.,20,RMB/USDOptions,Ticker Symbol,Monthly options:RMB,Weekly options:RB1-RB5,Minimum Price Fluctuation(Tick),$.00001 per Chine
15、se renminbi=10.00/contract;also,trades may occur at$.000005($5.00),$.000015($15.00),.000025($25.00),$.000035($35.00)and$.000045($45.00),which are less than five ticks of premium.,21,主要特征,交易合約標準化,交易金額和交割日期,價格波動限制,集中交易和結算,市場流動性高,履約有保證,投機性強,場內交易商,場內交易商,交易操作臺,買入,/,賣出交易,交易臺報價員,報價板,行情報價網絡,清算所,訂單,會員公司,買方,提
16、交交易,經紀返單回公司,訂單,會員公司,賣方,提交交易,經紀返單回公司,IMM,外匯期貨交易,23,清算機制,由期貨交易所提供或指定清算所,由清算所充當期貨合約各方的交易對手,對于外匯期貨買方來說,清算所是賣方,對于外匯期貨賣方來說,清算所是買方,清算所始終存在,并要求集中清算,提高了市場的流動性,為外匯期貨買賣雙方消除了履約風險的顧慮,24,保證金制度,客戶在經紀公司開立保證金賬戶,經紀公司在清算所開立賬戶,清算所將所有買賣指令配對,最低初始保證金和維持保證金,逐日結算制度,(marking to market),未平倉頭寸需按當日市場結算價計算賬面盈虧,,據以調整原有的保證金數額,25,英鎊期貨的保證金賬戶流量,時間,市場報價,合約價格,保證金變動,追加,(,),/,減少,(,),金額,保證金,賬戶余額,T0,T1,T2,T3,T4,$1.4700/,$1.4714/,$1.4640/,$1.4600/,$1.4750/,$91,875.0,$91,962.5,$91,500.0,$91,250.0,$92,187.5,0,+$87.50,-$462.50,-$250.00,+$9