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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,Chapter,Translation of Words,1.The Semiotic Perspective of Translation,漢英翻譯的符號學(xué)視角,1.2 Semiotics符號學(xué),Semiotics,semiotic studies,or semiology,is the study of signs and symbols,both individually and grouped into sign

2、 systems.It includes the study of how meaning is constructed and understood.,Semioticians also sometimes examine how organisms make predictions about and adapt to their semiotic niche in the world.In general,semiotic theories are about signs,while the study of the communication of information in liv

3、ing organisms is covered in biosemiotics or zoosemiosis.,1.2 Semiotics符號學(xué),(,philosophy,)a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols,(,hypernym,)philosophical doctrine,philosophical theory,(,classification,)philosophy,Semiotics符號學(xué),符號學(xué)是“爭論符號，符號系統(tǒng)和人類符號活動的科學(xué)”。Petrilli,2023:260-261,我國的符號

4、學(xué)于20世紀(jì)80年月才起步。,Tip:,基于對符號學(xué)的理解，漢英詞語翻譯的過程即是:,解釋漢語符號意義/將漢語符號轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)英語符號,的過程。,Sign-permutation Process,符號學(xué)在翻譯中的表達,南京的風(fēng)俗：但凡新媳婦進門，三日就要到廚下整理一樣菜，發(fā)個利市。這菜確定是魚，取“富貴有余”的意思。,The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to invite good luck by going to the kitchen on the third day and cooking a fish,which stands for fort

5、une.,1.3,符號學(xué)意義,指稱意義概念意義 Designative Meaning,詞語、句子和篇章反映的客觀世界。,語用意義蘊涵、聯(lián)想、象征意義,Connotative Meaning,語言符號與使用者的關(guān)系，是語言符號對人產(chǎn)生的影響。,1.3.1 指稱意義,Designative Meaning,“詞的準(zhǔn)確和字面的意義strict and literal meaning -陸國強現(xiàn)代英語詞匯學(xué),指稱意義不完全等同于“字面意義”literal meaning,指稱意義不完全等同于“詞典意義”dictionary meaning，由于詞典中詞條的釋義，不僅有指稱意義，還有蘊涵意義。,指稱意

6、義的理解和表達范例,他是我父親。,He is my father.,這姑娘是美麗。,The girl is really beautiful.,此人是書就讀。,This man reads every book he can reach.,是可忍，孰不行忍？,If this can be tolerated,what cannot?,是古非今,praise the past to condemn the present,知,之為,知,之，不,知,為不,知,，是,知,也。,When you,know,a thing,to hold that you,know,it,and when you do

7、 not,know,a thing,to allow that you do not,know,it-this is,knowledge,.,1.3.2 蘊含意義,Connotative Meaning,指詞語內(nèi)含的情感和聯(lián)想意義，主要表達在詞語的修辭顏色、文體特征、文化內(nèi)涵等方面。,國俗詞語如成語、諺語、歇后語enigmatic folk similes等，翻譯時應(yīng)在不影響指稱意義傳達的前提下盡可能在譯文中反映出原文獨特的文化信息和審美價值。,蘊涵意義的理解和表達范例,咱們倆的事兒，是一條繩上拴著兩只螞蚱-誰也跑不了！,Were like two grasshoppers tied to o

8、ne cord,neither can get away!,去設(shè)潛伏我們都沒有信念，想他確定在昨天晚上就早溜了，今日去也是瞎子點燈白費蠟。,We had no confidence in todays ambush because we were sure he had escaped last night.It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.,他如此嘮叨,同伴們給他起了個“麻雀”的外號。,He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him“magpie”.,

9、我寧愿見她一兩面就算了我還能干什么呢？你沒看到她和我不怎么相稱嗎？我要干點什么，也只會碰一鼻子灰。,Id much rather see her once or twice and not do anything about it-what could I do about it anyway?Shes a bit out of my class,dont you think?If I did try to do anything,Id only get sent off with a flea in my ear.,Note：a flea in ones ear的字面意思是“耳朵上有個跳蚤”

10、，用來比方“譏諷的話，刺耳的話”。send sb.off with a flea in ones ear意思是“用譏諷的話氣走某人”，與漢語“碰一鼻子灰”意思相近。,只因生得嫵媚風(fēng)流，滿學(xué)中都送了兩個外號，一個叫“香憐”，一個叫“玉愛”。曹雪芹紅樓夢,But on account of their good looks and charm they were nicknamed Sweetie and Lovely.(楊憲益、戴乃迭,because of their looks and affected manners,were universally known by the nicknam

11、e of Darling and Precious.David Hawkes,指稱意義vs.蘊涵意義,指稱意義也叫所指意義、認(rèn)知意義，指詞與所指客體、思想或行為之間的直接關(guān)系。denotation,designative meanings,cognitive meaning,referential meaning,conceptual meaning,蘊涵意義，也稱情感意義，指詞內(nèi)含的情感和聯(lián)想意義。(connotation,affective meaning,implied meaning,suggested meaning),指稱意義vs.蘊涵意義,1.在我的后園，可以觀看墻外有兩株樹，一

12、株是棗樹，還有一株也是棗樹。,魯迅秋夜，楊憲益、戴乃迭譯,Behind the wall of my backyard you can see two trees.One is a date tree,the other is also a date tree.,注：這一句乍一看似乎有些啰嗦重復(fù)，其實文風(fēng)一向簡練犀利的魯迅先生是想通過有意的重復(fù)來到達一種特殊的文體效果。因此，原文中的“一株是棗樹，還有一株也是棗樹”不僅具有“有兩株棗樹”這一指稱意義，還含有單調(diào)、孤獨的意味，為全篇散文的氣氛定了基調(diào)。,指稱意義,及指稱意義渲染的,蘊含意境,。,指稱意義vs.蘊涵意義,2.克明：覺新哪，你聽著！,

13、巴金原著、曹禺改編的話劇家,英假設(shè)誠譯,Keming:Juexin,I want you to pay particular attention to this.,注：“你聽著”這一詞組在漢語中往往被用作長輩教育晚輩時的開場白，具有鮮亮的文體特色。在劇中覺新就要拜堂成親之前，其父高克明借機向他宣講了一大段封建禮教和處世之道。假設(shè)簡潔地將該句直譯為“Listen,Juexin”，則譯文變成了英語中吸引聽者留意力時常說的口語詞組，完全表達不出高老爺長篇大論地訓(xùn)導(dǎo)覺新時嚴(yán)峻的語氣。,蘊含意境的傳達。,指稱意義vs.蘊涵意義,3.別在我面前貓哭耗子，你自己知道你對他們患病不幸有多歡快。,Dont sh

14、ed crocodile tears to me;you know you are really glad that theyre met with misfortune.,蘊含意義的詞義相異。,指稱意義vs.蘊涵意義,4.只要不露一丁點兒行跡，你,私底下,怎么干都行。,Do what you like,under the rose,but dont give a sign of what you are about.,指稱意義轉(zhuǎn)換成蘊含意義。,1.小馬也就是十二三歲，臉上還瘦。,Xiao Ma was no more than 12 or 13 years old,with a very l

15、ean face.,2.她怎么好好的就自殺了？這也怪了！,Why should she have committed suicide for no reason？Its rather odd.,3.他對事情的進展?fàn)顩r也還滿足。,He is quite satisfied with the way things went.,LINK:Exercise on p.58,漢語中的“心”,“心”在漢英詞典中的解釋：,1.the heart,2.feeling;mood;emotion,3.intention,4.mind,5.the center;a core,請選擇最適宜的表達來翻譯各句中的“心”。

16、heart mind brain intention wish popularity feeling 必要時可更改單復(fù)數(shù)形式,1.心有余而力缺乏 Ones ability falls short of ones_.,2.您的建議我會永久牢記在心。,I will always bear your advice in_.,3.假設(shè)你忘了她的生日她會很難過的。,Youll hurt her_ if you forget her birthday.,4.居心叵測 To nurse evil _,5.得人心者得天下,Those who gain_ among the people will gain the power.,6.勞心者治人，勞力者治于人。,Those who work with _rule and those who with their brawn are ruled.,7.哀莫大于心死,The greatest despair comes from a devastated _.,P59.Exercise,wishes,mind,feelings,intentions,popu