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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,Allusions,Outline,I.Introduction,II.The Origins of Allusions in English,III.The Origins of Allusions in Chinese,IV.The Suggested Practice on Interpretation of Allusions,in allusion to,針對,.,而言,暗指,make(an)allusion to,間接提到,暗指,-,典故,I.Introduction,Definition,:A

2、ccording to,Websters New Collegiate Dictionary,allusion is defined as“an implied or indirect reference,esp.when used in literature”.In some Chinese dictionaries,allusions is defined as“some expressions used in poems which are quoted from the ancient stories or have some origins”.As it is rich in cul

3、tural meanings,its application can add splendor to the writings,and its translation thus has attracted much attention from the scholars.,And.,Functions of allusions:it not only enriches language,but also vivify and easy the communication.Besides,allusions also reflect the rich cultural heritage of t

4、he people who speak the language.,More,Literature review,:many papers concerning the allusions are produced,for example,Lie(2008)explored the origins of English allusions from several aspects.Chen(2006)invested the translation of the allusions in Chinese poem“Moored on,Qinhuai,River”,from Relevance

5、theory.Wang(2005)dealt with the transplant and compensation of Chinese allusions to English.All the research has enriched our understanding to allusions.,II.The Origins of English Allusions,2.1 some involve events or characters from the treasure house of English literature,especially from Shakespear

6、e.The following examples fall into this category.,A Shylock,Romeo,Juliet,Sherlock Holmes,Frankenstein,Uncle Tom,Waterloo,Catch-22 situation,.,More,2.2 Another common source of allusions of English is legends and mythology,mostly from Greek and Roman mythology.For example,a Herculean task,an Achilles

7、 heel,a Pandoras box,a Damocles sword,and so on.,2.3 Religion is another source of allusions.,For examples,a Solomon,a Judas,thirty pieces of silver,a kiss of death,.,More.,2.4 some other allusion are from the sports,the most troublesome are those that involve recent or contemporary events,personali

8、ties,products,etc.,For instance,to not get to the first base,to have two strikes against someone,to carry the ball,an armchair quarterback,to be down and out,to hit below the belt,play ones trump card(s),squeeze play,to swallow the bait,an Ivy Leaguer,as American as apple pie,.,中文典故舉例,圍魏救趙,見于,史記,孫子吳

9、起列傳,戰(zhàn)國時，魏將龐涓率軍圍攻趙國都城邯鄲。趙求救于齊，齊王命田忌、孫臏率軍往救。孫臏魏軍主力在趙國，內(nèi)部空虛，就帶兵攻打魏國都城大梁，因而，魏軍不得不從邯鄲撤軍，回救本國，路經(jīng)桂陵要隘，又遭齊兵截擊，幾乎全軍覆沒。這個典故是指采用包抄敵人的后方來迫使它撤兵的戰(zhàn)術(shù)。,公元前,354,年，魏國軍隊圍趙國都城邯鄲，雙方戰(zhàn)守年余，趙衰魏疲。這時，齊國應趙國的求救，派田忌為將，孫臏為軍師，率兵八萬救趙。攻擊方向選在哪里？起初，田忌準備直趨邯鄲。孫臏認為，要解開紛亂的絲線，不能用手強拉硬扯，要排解別人打架，不能直接參與去打。派兵解圍，要避實就虛，擊中要害。他向田忌建議說，現(xiàn)在魏國精銳部隊都集中在趙國，

10、內(nèi)部空虛，我們?nèi)鐜П蛭簢鄱汲谴罅好筒暹M去，,占據(jù)它的交通要道，襲擊它空虛的地方，它必然放下趙國回師自救，齊軍乘其疲憊，在預先選好的作戰(zhàn)地區(qū)桂陵迎敵于歸途，魏軍大敗，趙國之圍遂解。孫臏用圍攻魏國的辦法來解救趙國的危困，這在我國歷史上是一個很有名折戰(zhàn)例，被后來的軍事家們列為 叁十六計中的重要一計。圍魏救趙這一避實就虛的戰(zhàn)法為歷代軍事家所欣賞，至今仍有其生命力。,英 文翻譯,besiege Wei to rescure Zhaorelieve the besieged by besieging the base of the besiegers,III.The Origins of Allusi

11、ons in Chinese,3.1 From literature,especially the four master pieces.,劉姥姥進大觀園,;,智多星,;,林妹妹,;,阿,Q,3.2 From historical figures or events.,四面楚歌,;,圍魏救趙,;,完璧歸趙,3.3 From Chinese fables.,畫蛇添足,;,守株待兔,;,對牛彈琴,;,牛郎織女,;,嫦娥奔月,3.4 From religions,八仙過海,各顯神通,;,臨時抱佛腳,;,做一天和尚撞一天鐘,;,一人得道,仙及雞犬,;,放下屠刀,立地成佛,3.5 From sports

12、 and recreation,馬后炮,異曲同工,一唱一和,跑龍?zhí)?唱紅臉,唱白臉,粉墨登場,IV.The Suggested Practice on Interpretation of Allusions,The suggested practice for Chinese interpreters or people conversing with English-speaking visitors is to give a rough equivalent or a brief explanation without going into details,so as not to dis

13、tract from the main thread of the idea being discussed.,一桶水搖不響，半桶水響叮當,有人照字面譯成：,The full pot of water makes no sound;the half-empty pot of water is noisy.,老外聽后，也許會感到困惑。他們有自己的說法：,A little knowledge(or learning)can be(or is)dangerous.,（一知半解很危險。）或者說：,Still water runs deep.,（靜水深不可測。）也可以說：,He who knows th

14、e most says the least.,（懂得越多的人，反而說得越少。）,水落石出,有人照字直譯為：,As the water level sinks,the stones are exposed.,這樣說，恐怕老外還是聽不懂。他們的說法是：,All secrets may eventually come to light.,（所有祕密最后總會曝光。）也可以說：,Eventually,every secret will be disclosed.,這山望到那山高,有人譯成：,The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

15、.,（意思是：墻那邊的蘋果最甜。）當然，如要譯成：,If you stand on a mountain,you feel the distant mountain seems higher than yours.,老外也勉強能接受。而他們的最習慣說法是：,The grass always looks greener on the other side.,（另一邊的草，看來總是綠些。）,烈火煉真金，患難見真情,有人譯成：,Fire is the test of gold;adversity is the test of friendship.,這句譯文，雖然很好，老外也能了解，但是他們還有另外

16、的說法：,Liquor brings out a persons true color.,（烈酒能顯示一個人真正的特色。）或者說：,Wine reveals a persons true heart.,雖然老外不用,烈火煉真金,的比喻，但有,路遙知馬力,的說法：,By a long road,we know a horses strength;at times of difficulty,we discover a friends true character.,雷聲大，雨點小,有人譯為：,The thunder roars loudly,but little rain falls.,或者說：,All we hear is thunder,but no rain falls.,雖然這樣直譯比較容易理解，但是老外的說法是這樣的：,Actions speak louder than words.,（行動勝于言談。）或,All we hear is words,but there is no action.,（只動嘴不動手。）或,Actions and words should go han