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1、,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,操作系統(tǒng)課件,教材：,操作系統(tǒng)概念（第六版 影印版）,【,原書名,】,Operating System,Concepts(Sixth,Edition),原書信息,【,原出版社,】,John Wiley&,Sons,Incl,.,【,作者,】,（美）,Abraham,Silberschatz,&Peter Baer Galvin&Greg Gagne,【,叢書名,】,國外優(yōu)秀信息科學(xué)與技術(shù)系列教學(xué)用書,【,出版社,】,高等教育出版社,【,書號,】7-04-011048-2,【,出版日期,】2002-5-1,

2、11/28/2024,操作系統(tǒng)概念（第六版 影印版）,本書是計算機類專業(yè)操作系統(tǒng)課程的一本經(jīng)典教材，自第一版問世以來，經(jīng)歷了近,20,年的錘煉，被認為是該課程教材的一本,“,圣經(jīng),”,。它對操作系統(tǒng)的概念和基本原理給出了清晰的闡述。本書所涉及的基本概念和算法均基于當(dāng)前商用操作系統(tǒng)，并在非特定操作系統(tǒng)的通用環(huán)境中展開講解。書中介紹了大量與流行操作系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的實現(xiàn)技術(shù)，包括,Solaris2,、,Linux,、,Windows NT,、,Windows 2000,、,OS/2,和,Apple Macintosh,操作系統(tǒng)。此版包括了線程、,Windows 2000,的新章節(jié)，并新增了客戶,/,服務(wù)器

3、模型和網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng)、嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)、實時操作系統(tǒng)、分布式操作系統(tǒng)等。,11/28/2024,教材作者的網(wǎng)站,http:/www.bell- and Gagne,2002,11/28/2024,教材特點,保持,Operating System,Concepts，,OSC,的原特點,討論在各種操作系統(tǒng)中應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)概念,大量在,UNIX,和其他操作系統(tǒng)中的例子:,Solaris，Windows,NT,Linux,OS/2,AppleOS,和,Mach,該書可以作為大學(xué)本科低年級或高年級操作系統(tǒng)的入門課程，,或用作研究生第一年課程,在,Operating System,Concepts,，OSC,第5

4、版基礎(chǔ)上，修改而成,OSC,是一本被廣泛采用的操作系統(tǒng)教科書,OSC,特點：,最大特點是概念敘述清晰,敘述方式易讀、易懂,前5版賣出20萬本,隨著版本的更新，不斷去除舊材料，增加新材料和新例子,11/28/2024,Chapter 1:Introduction,What is an Operating System?,Mainframe Systems,Desktop Systems,Multiprocessor Systems,Distributed Systems,Clustered System,Real-Time Systems,Handheld Systems,Computing E

5、nvironments,11/28/2024,What is an Operating System?,A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.,Operating system goals:,Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier.,Make the computer system convenient to use.,Use the computer hardwar

6、e in an efficient manner.,11/28/2024,Computer System Components,1.Hardware provides basic computing resources(CPU,memory,I/O devices).,2.Operating system controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users.,3.Applications programs define the

7、ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users(compilers,database systems,video games,business programs).,4.Users(people,machines,other computers).,11/28/2024,Abstract View of System Components,11/28/2024,Operating System Definitions,Resource allocator manag

8、es and allocates resources.,Control program controls the execution of user programs and operations of I/O devices.,Kernel the one program running at all times(all else being application programs).,11/28/2024,Mainframe Systems,Reduce setup time by batching similar jobs,Automatic job sequencing automa

9、tically transfers control from one job to another.First rudimentary operating system.,Resident monitor,initial control in monitor,control transfers to job,when job completes control transfers pack to monitor,11/28/2024,Memory Layout for a Simple Batch System,11/28/2024,Multiprogrammed,Batch Systems,

10、Several jobs are kept in main memory at the same time,and the,CPU is multiplexed among them.,11/28/2024,OS Features Needed for Multiprogramming,I/O routine supplied by the system.,Memory management the system must allocate the memory to several jobs.,CPU scheduling the system must choose among sever

11、al jobs ready to run.,Allocation of devices.,11/28/2024,Time-Sharing SystemsInteractive Computing,The CPU is multiplexed among several jobs that are kept in memory and on disk(the CPU is allocated to a job only if the job is in memory).,A job swapped in and out of memory to the disk.,On-line communi

12、cation between the user and the system is provided;when the operating system finishes the execution of one command,it seeks the next“control statement”from the users keyboard.,On-line system must be available for users to access data and code.,11/28/2024,Desktop Systems,Personal computers,computer s

13、ystem dedicated to a single user.,I/O devices keyboards,mice,display screens,small printers.,User convenience and responsiveness.,Can adopt technology developed for larger operating system often individuals have sole use of computer and do not need advanced CPU utilization of protection features.,Ma

14、y run several different types of operating systems(Windows,MacOS,UNIX,Linux),11/28/2024,Parallel Systems,Multiprocessor systems with more than on CPU in close communication.,Tightly coupled system,processors share memory and a clock;communication usually takes place through the shared memory.,Advant

15、ages of parallel system:,Increased,throughput,Economical,Increased reliability,graceful degradation,fail-soft systems,11/28/2024,Parallel Systems(Cont.),Symmetric multiprocessing(SMP),Each processor runs and identical copy of the operating system.,Many processes can run at once without performance d

16、eterioration.,Most modern operating systems support SMP,Asymmetric multiprocessing,Each processor is assigned a specific task;master processor schedules and allocated work to slave processors.,More common in extremely large systems,11/28/2024,Symmetric Multiprocessing Architecture,11/28/2024,Distributed Systems,Distribute the computation among several physical processors.,Loosely coupled system,each processor has its own local memory;processors communicate with one another through various commun