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1、Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.第三課時(Grammar Focus4c)單元同步語法精講精練 概述動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，在句中不能作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其基本形式為“to動詞原形”，有時to可以省略；其否定形式由“not動詞不定式”構(gòu)成。動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語和定語等。常見用法動詞不定式作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定式放在句尾。動詞不定式作賓語有些動詞，如plan，want，agree，decide等，可接動詞不定式作賓語。 動詞不定式作賓語補足語

2、有些動詞可接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，如ask，tell，want等。eg：I tell him to arrive on Sunday.我讓他周日到達?！咀⒁狻吭谟幸恍﹦釉~后用作賓語補足語時，不定式通常不帶to。這些動詞一類是感官動詞，常見的有see，hear，watch，feel，notice等；另一類是使役動詞，常見的有l(wèi)et，make，have等。 動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式及其短語具有副詞的特性，可在句中用作狀語。放在句首或句尾表示目的等。eg：To catch the train，he got up early.He got up early to catch the train.為

3、了趕火車，他早早地起了床。放在作表語的形容詞或過去分詞的后面，作原因狀語。eg：Im sorry to hear that.聽到那件事我很難過。用在too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)中，作結(jié)果狀語。eg：He is too young to understand all that.他太年輕了，不能理解那一切。 動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。eg：I have nothing to say on this question.在這個問題上我沒什么要說的。【拓展】動詞不定式還可以和what，which，where，when等疑問詞連用，在句中作主語、表語和賓語。eg：When

4、to start is not decided yet.還沒決定什么時候開始。(作主語)The problem is where to have the party.問題是去哪兒舉辦聚會。(作表語)I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪兒。(作賓語) 概述短語動詞是一種固定詞組，由動詞加介詞或副詞等構(gòu)成，其作用相當于一個動詞。短語動詞的搭配可分為六種基本類型?；绢愋蛣釉~介詞動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語相當于一個及物動詞，其賓語位置比較固定，一般都位于介詞之后。常見的此類介詞有for，about，of，after，from，into，to，with，at等。eg：wait for

5、等待；look after照顧look for尋找；hear from收到某人的來信 動詞副詞這類短語動詞有的可用作及物動詞，有的可用作不及物動詞。當用作及物動詞且其賓語是名詞時，該賓語可位于短語動詞之后，也可位于短語動詞之間；當其賓語是代詞時，則該賓語只能置于短語動詞中間。常見的此類副詞有away，out，off，up，down，back，in，along等。eg：cheer up振奮起來；clean up打掃干凈put up張貼；舉起；get up起床turn up調(diào)大；make up編造stay up熬夜；take up開始做動詞副詞介詞這類短語相當于一個及物動詞，所帶賓語總是位于介詞之

6、后。 eg：run out of用完，耗盡；get out of離開，從出來；look forward to盼望，期待；come up with想出 動詞名詞這類短語中常見的動詞有have，take，give，make等。eg：have a rest休息一下；take a walk散步make a wish許愿；take a message捎個口信動詞名詞介詞這類短語相當于一個及物動詞。名詞前可加形容詞說明程度，賓語總是位于介詞之后。eg：have a look at看一看；make friends with與交朋友 be形容詞介詞這類短語也相當于及物動詞，賓語位于介詞之后。eg：be goo

7、d at擅長于；be good with對有辦法；be interested in對感興趣 一、根據(jù)句意，用括號中所給單詞的適當形式填空。1The Browns decided _(travel) to Penang in Malaysia.2The teacher asked me _(answer) the question in English.3The workers wear dark glasses _(keep) their eyes safe.4Could you tell me what _ (do) next?5Mr. Green told the boy not _ (c

8、ome) to school late again.6Do they have any good ideas _ (help) the homeless people?to travel to answer to keep to do to come to help 二、單項選擇。7We advise parents _ _ their children at home alone.(廣東中考)Anot leaveBnot to leaveCleave Dto leave8I was tired out，so I stopped the car _ _ a short rest.(襄陽中考)A

9、have Bhaving Cto have Dhad9We should do what we can _ _ our English.(錦州中考)Aimprove BimprovedCto improve DImproving10We have to _ _ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.(吉林中考) Aput on Bput offCput out Dput away B CCB 11When I got to the bus stop，I missed the early bus and I had to _ _ the ne

10、xt one.(山東中考)Agive up Bkeep offCcall off Dwait for12“Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now.We need to _ _ a plan about it.(菏澤中考)Acome up with Bput upCcall up Dturn up13Bob is taking the desks away because they _ _ too much room.(天津中考)Astand up Bpick up Ctake up Dlisten up D A C 三、根據(jù)

11、漢語意思完成下列句子翻譯。14為了能在這里野餐，我們需要把這個地方打掃干凈。We need to _ this place _ a picnic here.15我覺得你可以去度假讓自己振奮起來。I think you can take a holiday _16他們貼了一張通知以便讓每個人都知道這個決定。They _ a notice _ everyone know the decision.clean up to have to cheer yourself upput up to let/make 本課時其他知識點精講精練raise動詞，意為“籌集；征集”。eg：They are rais

12、ing money for the poor.他們正在為窮人募捐。【拓展】raise作動詞，還可意為“舉起，抬起；養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng)，種植；提高，升高”等。重點短語歸納put up舉起；張貼；建造at least至少be worried about為擔心stop doing sth.停止做(正在做的)某事 stop to do sth.停下來去做(別的)某事 1Sally，stop _ _ TV！Its time to go to bed.OK，Mum.AwatchBto watchCwatching Dwatched2The old man has no children，so he lives _ _，but he never feels _.Aalone；lonely Blonely；lonelyClonely；alone Dalone；alone3They want to _(籌錢) for building a school.4She is _(參加選拔) the school soccer team.5Her father is always _(忙于) his work. 6Hes _ (擔心) his sick mother. C Araise money trying out for busy with worried about