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1、 試論心理素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)是素質(zhì)教育的重要內(nèi)容 中英文對(duì)照 On the cultivation of psychological quality is an important content of quality education in Chinese and English. 本文從心理素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)與素質(zhì)教育的關(guān)系入手，著重闡述心理素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)對(duì)素質(zhì)教育的作用，強(qiáng)調(diào)了心理素質(zhì)教育的重要性，提出了學(xué)校對(duì)于提高和保障學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)的主要途徑。 This article from the psychological quality training and the relationship

2、with quality education, psychological quality training focuses on the role of quality education, and emphasizes the importance of psychological quality education, the school to improve and guarantee the main way to cultivate students psychological quality. 　　【關(guān)鍵詞】素質(zhì)教育 心理素質(zhì) 提高方法 [ keyword ] method

3、 to improve the quality education of psychological quality 　　一、素質(zhì)教育要著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的心理素質(zhì) A, quality education should focus on training students good psychological quality 　　實(shí)施素質(zhì)教育，要貫徹全面發(fā)展的教育方針，德智體美勞各育應(yīng)以學(xué)生的心理發(fā)展水平為基礎(chǔ)，又必須以良好的心理素質(zhì)為中介取得各育的效果，促進(jìn)全面素質(zhì)的發(fā)展。教育要使學(xué)生能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的要求以及自身發(fā)展的需要，學(xué)校應(yīng)該對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行心理素質(zhì)教育。學(xué)生經(jīng)常保持良好的心理狀態(tài)，

4、在認(rèn)知活動(dòng)過(guò)程表現(xiàn)出敏銳的感知、集中的注意、清晰的記憶、較好的思維敏捷性和靈活性；在生活、學(xué)習(xí)、活動(dòng)中具有愉快美好的情感特征，適宜興奮的情緒特征，自覺(jué)性、果斷性的意志特征，良好的個(gè)性心理品質(zhì)；在人際交往中以人為善，理解他人，關(guān)心別人；有充分的自信心和謙虛誠(chéng)實(shí)的作風(fēng)，成功時(shí)不驕傲，受挫折時(shí)有足夠的心理承受能力。能適應(yīng)環(huán)境，根據(jù)環(huán)境和要求改變自己的行為?？傊?，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行心理素質(zhì)教育，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的心理素質(zhì)，就能保證在人與自然環(huán)境、社會(huì)環(huán)境的互動(dòng)過(guò)程中更好地發(fā)揮中介的作用。因此，心理素質(zhì)是素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的核心因素，是人的素質(zhì)的靈魂，是全面素質(zhì)發(fā)展的心理內(nèi)在機(jī)制和動(dòng)力。進(jìn)行心理素質(zhì)教育是貫徹全面發(fā)展教育方針

5、、提高受教育者全面素質(zhì)的保證。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好心理素質(zhì)是貫穿學(xué)生素質(zhì)教育的一根主線。 The implementation of quality education, to carry out all-round development of education policy, the education in morality should be based on the level of psychological development of students, and must be in good psychological quality as the intermediary h

6、as the education effect, promote the development of comprehensive quality. Education should enable students to meet the needs of modern society and its development, the school should carry out psychological quality education for students. Students often keep a good state of mind, in the cognitive pr

7、ocess of demonstrated a keen perception, attention, memory, good clear thinking agility and flexibility; has the emotional characteristics of great learning, in the life, activities, appropriate excitement features, will feature consciousness, decisiveness, good psychological quality; in interperson

8、al communication, good people, understanding others, care for others; have sufficient confidence and humility honest style, not proud successes, setbacks and have enough psychological ability. Can adapt to the environment, according to the requirements of environment and change their behavior. In sh

9、ort, the psychological quality education of the students, cultivate students good psychological quality, can play a better intermediary in the process of interaction of human and natural environment, social environment, the role of. Therefore, the psychological quality is the core factor of quality

10、structure, the quality is the soul, is the all-round development of psychological mechanism and motive power. Psychological quality education is to carry out the education for all-round development policy, improve the overall quality of the educated guarantee. Training student good psychological qua

11、lity is a main line through the students quality education. 　　素質(zhì)教育實(shí)際上就是全面發(fā)展“生理——心理——社會(huì)”這三類素質(zhì)的教育。與生理素質(zhì)相應(yīng)的是優(yōu)生優(yōu)育教育、體育，與心理素質(zhì)相應(yīng)的是心理教育，與社會(huì)文化素質(zhì)相應(yīng)的是智育、思想政治教育(包括德育)。按照人的素質(zhì)發(fā)展的客觀要求而全面實(shí)施的各類素質(zhì)教育對(duì)于人的健康成長(zhǎng)都是必要的，決不可厚此薄彼，更不可偏廢。心理教育作為素質(zhì)教育的組成部分理應(yīng)在現(xiàn)代教育體系中占有一席之地。心理教育與體育、智育、思想政治教育(包括德育)一樣，都是相對(duì)獨(dú)立和不可替代的。 Quality educatio

12、n is in fact the all-round development " physiological -- psychological -- society" of these three kinds of quality education. Corresponding to the physiological quality of prepotency is education, sports, corresponding with the psychological quality is the psychological education, and social and cu

13、ltural quality of the intellectual, ideological and Political Education ( including the moral education ). According to the objective requirements of the quality of peoples development and the full implementation of the quality education for all kinds of people s healthy growth is necessary, not fav

14、our one more than another, more important. As a part of quality education, psychological education should occupy a space for one person in the modern education system. Psychological education and physical, intellectual, ideological and Political Education ( including the moral education ), are relat

15、ively independent and irreplaceable. 　　二、提高心理素質(zhì)的作用 Two, improve the psychological quality of the role 　　1.提高生理素質(zhì)及開(kāi)發(fā)潛能有賴于心理素質(zhì)的提高 1 improve the physiological quality and development potential depends on the improvement of psychological quality 　　人的生理素質(zhì)是先天的、遺傳的，但這先天的、遺傳的生理素質(zhì)蘊(yùn)藏著豐富和巨大的潛能，只有通過(guò)教育才能開(kāi)

16、發(fā)出來(lái)。潛能的開(kāi)發(fā)和發(fā)揮是通過(guò)心理素質(zhì)的提高來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。從前面談到的心理素質(zhì)與身體素質(zhì)的關(guān)系中就可以得到證明。尤其是大腦潛能的開(kāi)發(fā)，更是如此。隨著腦科學(xué)的發(fā)展，人們對(duì)腦機(jī)能的認(rèn)識(shí)與了解也越來(lái)越深入，但大腦潛能的開(kāi)發(fā)和機(jī)能的發(fā)揮有賴于人的心理素質(zhì)的提高。為了使腦的機(jī)能充分得到發(fā)揮，各種形式的心理訓(xùn)練與教育模式產(chǎn)生了，如柯?tīng)柼兀–ORr）的思維訓(xùn)練，科普曼創(chuàng)設(shè)的“兒童的哲學(xué)”，費(fèi)厄斯坦提出的工具性強(qiáng)化思維訓(xùn)練，以及我國(guó)的創(chuàng)造性思維教育、愉快教育、成功教育、金色童年教育等，都是通過(guò)提高學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)人的潛能。 The psychological quality is congenital, h

17、ereditary, but this innate genetic, physiological quality is rich and enormous potential, only through education can be developed. And potential development is realized through the improvement of psychological quality. The relationship between psychological quality and physical quality from the ment

18、ioned above is proved. Especially the brain development, is even more so. With the development of the brain science, cognition and understanding of brain function is also more and more deeply, but play development and function of brain potential depends on peoples psychological quality. In order to

19、make the brain function full play, various forms of psychological training and education mode, such as the colt ( CORr ) thinking training, Kopelman created the " philosophy for children ", strengthen the training of thinking tool Feuerstein is proposed, and the creative thinking education, our happ

20、y education, successful education, golden childhood education, is to develop the students psychological quality potential. 　　2.心理素質(zhì)制約著社會(huì)文化素質(zhì) 2 psychological quality restricts the social and cultural qualities 　　提高學(xué)生的文化素養(yǎng)必須在提高學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行，如同道德教育、科學(xué)教育等都是在提高心理素質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)的那樣，提高學(xué)生的社會(huì)文化素質(zhì)也必須提高學(xué)生的心理素質(zhì)。由此可

21、見(jiàn)，與生俱來(lái)的人的自然遺傳素質(zhì)必須借助于心理過(guò)程這一中介，才能不斷吸收物質(zhì)文明與精神文明成果，逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體社會(huì)化，形成現(xiàn)代人的素質(zhì)。也可以說(shuō)，生理層面這一基礎(chǔ)性因素與社會(huì)文化層面這一導(dǎo)向性因素，是通過(guò)心理層面，也就是中介性因素發(fā)生聯(lián)系和產(chǎn)生相互影響的，沒(méi)有心理層面，生理層面與社會(huì)文化層面是不會(huì)發(fā)生關(guān)系的。 Improve students literacy must be based on enhancing students psychological quality, as moral education, scientific education is implemented in

22、the foundation to improve the psychological quality on the way, improve students cultural quality must also improve the psychological quality of the students. Thus, the natural genetic quality of innate human must resort to the intermediary psychological process, can continue to absorb the material

23、civilization and spiritual civilization, gradually realize the individual socialization, the formation of the modern peoples quality. Can say, the physiological aspects of the basic factors and social and cultural aspects of the guiding factor, through the psychological level, also is the intermedia

24、ry factor of contact and influence each other, not the psychological, physiological and social culture level is not happening. 　　3.心理素質(zhì)教育是素質(zhì)教育的重要內(nèi)容 3 psychological quality education is an important content of quality education 　　人的素質(zhì)的發(fā)展遵循特定的順序，較高層次的素質(zhì)必須以較低層次素質(zhì)的發(fā)展為基礎(chǔ)。如同良好的生理素質(zhì)是心理素質(zhì)和社會(huì)文化素質(zhì)得以發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基

25、礎(chǔ)一樣，社會(huì)文化素質(zhì)賴以形成的背景和基礎(chǔ)除生理素質(zhì)外，最直接最重要的就是心理素質(zhì)。社會(huì)文化本身作為人類文明的積淀，只有經(jīng)過(guò)內(nèi)化才能納入個(gè)體的素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。內(nèi)化的重要環(huán)節(jié)是“理解”和“信奉”。信奉是在接受理解的基礎(chǔ)上，不斷獲得相應(yīng)的情感體驗(yàn)進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生維護(hù)和體現(xiàn)知識(shí)規(guī)范的需要和動(dòng)機(jī)后才能形成，要依靠“情感體驗(yàn)”、“需要?jiǎng)訖C(jī)”等非智力因素?？梢?jiàn)，保證內(nèi)化實(shí)現(xiàn)離不開(kāi)非智力因素的參與。脫離或缺乏這些心理因素，高層次的思想觀念就只能停留在非生命的外在物質(zhì)形態(tài)層面。心理素質(zhì)是包括思想政治觀念在內(nèi)的社會(huì)文化素質(zhì)形成的不可或缺的心理基礎(chǔ)，心理教育是獨(dú)立存在的一種教育，這是素質(zhì)教育的客觀要求。三、提高學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)的方法

26、與途徑 The development of the quality of people follow a specific sequence, a higher level of quality must be based on the development of the low level of quality as the foundation. As the good physical quality is the material basis of psychological and social and cultural quality of the development,

27、 the formation of social and cultural quality on the background and basis except the physiological quality, the most direct and important is the psychological quality. The social culture as the human civilization, and only after internalization can be incorporated into the quality structure of indiv

28、idual. The important link of internalization is " understanding" and " believe in ". Faith is based on accepted understanding, we obtain the corresponding emotion experience and produce maintain and reflect the knowledge specification needs and motivation to form, to rely on " emotional experience "

29、, " motivation " and other non-intelligence factors. Visible, to ensure the realization of internalization of non-intellect factors involved in. Detachment or lack of these psychological factors, the high level ideas will only remain in the external material form aspect of non life. Psychological qu

30、ality is the formation of the ideological and political ideas, including the social and cultural quality of the indispensable psychological basis, psychological education is a kind of education exist independently, this is the objective requirement of quality education. Three, methods and approaches

31、 to improve the psychological quality of College Students 　　1.在學(xué)科教學(xué)中注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的心理品質(zhì)，做到教書(shū)育心 1 in the discipline teaching to cultivate students good psychological quality, do teach Yukon heart 　　課堂教學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生的影響不僅僅表現(xiàn)在傳授知識(shí)、發(fā)展能力和開(kāi)發(fā)智力上，而且還表現(xiàn)在良好的學(xué)習(xí)心理品質(zhì)，即興趣、動(dòng)機(jī)、態(tài)度、意志等的培養(yǎng)以及社會(huì)心理品質(zhì)，即情感、交往、處事等品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)和熏陶上。教書(shū)育心中的育心指的就是

32、在課堂教學(xué)過(guò)程中重視學(xué)習(xí)心理品質(zhì)和社會(huì)心理品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)與熏陶。各學(xué)科課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)對(duì)學(xué)生的影響有顯在的，有潛在的。顯在的，如學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)、學(xué)習(xí)興趣很容易看出來(lái)，而潛在的，如學(xué)生人格、情感等是潛藏著的。后者對(duì)學(xué)生的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。心理輔導(dǎo)教育課也是提高學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)的重要途徑之一，通過(guò)心理輔導(dǎo)或指導(dǎo)活動(dòng)課，在教師引導(dǎo)下，讓學(xué)生通過(guò)討論、表演、演說(shuō)、游戲、訪問(wèn)、填表及觀看影視節(jié)目等活動(dòng)形式，了解自己的心理狀態(tài)，從而達(dá)到提高心理素質(zhì)的目的。 Influence of classroom teaching to students not only in imparting knowledge, develop

33、ing ability and developing intelligence, but also in learning the good psychological quality, cultivating interest, motivation, attitude, will, and social psychology, emotion, communication ability, training quality. Teach Yukon heart and mind means to cultivate and nurture learning psychological qu

34、ality and psychological quality in the process of classroom teaching. Effect of the classroom teaching activities for students to have the obvious, there are potential. The obvious, such as the learning achievement, learning interest is very easy to see, while the potential, such as students persona

35、lity, emotion is hidden. The latter is far-reaching influence on students. Psychological education is an important way to improve students psychological quality, through psychological counselling or guidance activity curriculum, under the guidance of teachers, let students discuss, performances, spe

36、eches, games, visit, guidance and watch television programs and other forms of activities, to understand their psychological state, so as to improve the psychological quality objective. 　　2.營(yíng)造良好的校園文化心理環(huán)境 2 the construction of campus culture in good mental environment 　　環(huán)境育人是思想道德教育的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，它也適用于心育。校

37、園文化的心理環(huán)境或氛圍包含兩層意思，一是指靜態(tài)文化心理環(huán)境，如校容、校貌及各種設(shè)施設(shè)備等對(duì)學(xué)生心理會(huì)有一定的影響；另一是動(dòng)態(tài)文化心理環(huán)境，如班風(fēng)、校風(fēng)等對(duì)學(xué)生將產(chǎn)生更大影響。良好校園文化心理環(huán)境的營(yíng)造要?jiǎng)屿o結(jié)合，形成一種整體氛圍，創(chuàng)造一種和諧、奮進(jìn)的群體心理氛圍，使學(xué)生處于積極的影響之中，心理素質(zhì)得到提高。 Environmental education is the successful experience of the ideological and moral education, it is also suitable for the psychological educatio

38、n. Psychological environment or atmosphere of campus culture includes two layers of meaning, one refers to a static psychological cultural environment, such as school capacity, the school appearance and various equipment will have a certain impact on students psychological; another is a dynamic psyc

39、hological cultural environment, such as class, school, students will have a greater impact on. To create a good psychological environment of campus culture to combine, forming a whole atmosphere, create a harmonious, ahead of the group psychological atmosphere, so that students in a positive impact,

40、 psychological quality is improved. 　　3.鼓勵(lì)學(xué)員多參與社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng) 3 to encourage more students to participate in social practice activities 　　社會(huì)是個(gè)大舞臺(tái)，很多事實(shí)證明，豐富多彩的社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，不但能提高學(xué)員的綜合素質(zhì)，而且在培養(yǎng)學(xué)員自身心理健康方面也起著重要的作用。尤其在基礎(chǔ)教育階段也應(yīng)該大力開(kāi)展素質(zhì)教育，改變單純追求學(xué)科成績(jī)而忽視學(xué)員的心理素質(zhì)的做法。 The society is a big stage, many facts have proved, ri

41、ch and colorful social practice activities, not only can improve the comprehensive quality of students, also plays an important role in training students and their psychological health. Especially in the stage of basic education should also vigorously carry out quality education, change the pure pur

42、suit of academic achievement and ignoring the students psychological quality approach. 　　此外還可以建立心理咨詢室與心理咨詢箱。其目的是加強(qiáng)輔導(dǎo)，幫助學(xué)生解決一些心理問(wèn)題，促進(jìn)他們健康茁壯地成長(zhǎng)。 In addition to the establishment of a counseling and psychological counseling box. Its purpose is to strengthen the guidance, help students solve some men

43、tal problems, to promote their healthy growth. 　　傳統(tǒng)的教育觀只重視學(xué)生知識(shí)能力水平的培養(yǎng)，而忽視了心理素質(zhì)的健全，而素質(zhì)教育的理念就是要培養(yǎng)全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生，在教會(huì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)，也要教會(huì)學(xué)生以健康的生理和心理素質(zhì)應(yīng)對(duì)各種突發(fā)性事件，更好地應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。科學(xué)知識(shí)可以重新學(xué)習(xí)，而良好的人格卻很難重新學(xué)習(xí)，只有通過(guò)學(xué)科課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的心理品質(zhì)，提高學(xué)生心理素質(zhì)，才能達(dá)到“教書(shū)育心”的最終目的。 The traditional concept of education only pay attention to the trai

44、ning of student knowledge ability level, but ignored the psychological quality of the sound, and the concept of quality education is to cultivate all-round development of students, learning to teach students at the same time, but also to teach students to physiological and psychological response to

45、emergencies health, better respond to possible future the problem. Scientific knowledge to learn, good personality is very difficult to learn, only through classroom teaching activities and cultivate students good psychological quality, improve the psychological quality of students, to reach the final destination " teaching ".