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1、 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. 【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】 1. Past perfect Tense 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：had＋過(guò)去分詞 2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn) 的狀態(tài)。也就是說(shuō)發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 【自主梳理】 bell, ring, go off, rush, run off, on time, give sb． a ride, lock, break down By the time I got there, the bus had already left． By

2、 the time I woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom 【重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)悟】 過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。也就是說(shuō)發(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 【探究提升】 基本用法 （1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說(shuō)過(guò)去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”?？梢杂胋y, before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。 例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had gotten 200

3、 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片。 （2）表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說(shuō)自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。 （3）敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的

4、事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)槲覜]有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。 （4）在含有定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed.

5、我已歸還了我借的書。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丟失的鑰匙找到了。 （5）過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句（或間接引語(yǔ)）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他說(shuō)他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6） 狀語(yǔ)從句：在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般

6、過(guò)去時(shí)。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引導(dǎo)的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。 注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，特別是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因?yàn)?這 時(shí)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，這時(shí)可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 例如： After he arrived

7、 in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 馬克思到達(dá)英格蘭之后，努力提高他的英語(yǔ)水平。 （7）動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。 例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙，但沒有及時(shí)趕到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。 （8）過(guò)去完成時(shí)還

8、可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。 例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)

9、了。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than，yet，already等。 【鞏固訓(xùn)練】 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C

10、 did, did. D. had, done 3. I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ___A___lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I

11、 __A___ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __D________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 【學(xué)習(xí)反思】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________