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1、 試論有關(guān)高?？荚嚬芾砉ぷ? 中英文對照 The University Examination Administration on in Chinese and English. 從影響考試作弊的內(nèi)因、外因及考試管理工作的考前、考中、考后三個(gè)階段入手，探討了科學(xué)有效地做好高?？荚嚬芾砉ぷ鞯姆椒▎栴}，并提出了改革意見。 Cheating in examination of internal factors and external factors, and examination of the management of exam, exam, exam after three st

2、ages of starting, discusses the problem of scientific and effective methods to do the test management work, and puts forward reform suggestions. 　　考試是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)效果和教學(xué)效果的重要手段，考試成績是衡量學(xué)生競爭力的重要指標(biāo)，因此，一些學(xué)生不惜鋌而走險(xiǎn)，在考試中采取不誠信的手段，以期獲得超出自己水平的分?jǐn)?shù)。據(jù)調(diào)查，影響考試作弊的外在因素，排在第一位的是“考風(fēng)考紀(jì)不嚴(yán)”；在加重考試作弊因素方面，排在第一位的是“作弊條件有利”；在減少考試作弊因素方面，排

3、在第一位的是“對學(xué)生進(jìn)行教育”，排在第二位的是“嚴(yán)抓考風(fēng)考紀(jì)”［１］?？硷L(fēng)不正是對刻苦學(xué)習(xí)、認(rèn)真答卷、不作弊的學(xué)生的一種打擊，是對學(xué)習(xí)不努力、弄虛作假、投機(jī)取巧學(xué)生的一種不負(fù)責(zé)任的放縱，更深刻地說是對這些同學(xué)的一種貽害，也是對善良家長們的一種極端的傷害?？硷L(fēng)不正直接影響學(xué)風(fēng)，從而形成惡性循環(huán)。端正考風(fēng)、嚴(yán)肅考紀(jì)、維護(hù)考試的公平公正，是考試管理工作的重要內(nèi)容。本文從考前、考中及考后三階段入手，探討如何科學(xué)有效地做好高?？荚嚬芾砉ぷ鞯膯栴}。 Examination is an important means of learning and teaching, examination is an

4、 important index to measure students competitiveness, therefore, some students would rush into danger, take dishonest means in the examination, in order to get beyond their ability scores. According to the survey, the influence of the external factors of cheating, is ranked first in the " kaofengkao

5、ji lax "; in the exacerbation of cheating in the exam, is ranked first in the " cheat conditions are favorable; " in reducing cheating factors, is ranked first in the " education " for students, in the second is " strict examination discipline " ( 1 ). Examination is not a blow to study hard, seriou

6、s answer, not cheating students, is an irresponsible indulgence to dont study hard, resort to deceit, do things by irregular ways students, more deeply is a kind of harm to the students, but also on the kindness of parents of a kind of extreme damage. Examination is not directly affect the style of

7、study, so as to form a vicious spiral. Correcting exam style, something, to maintain the fairness of the exam, is an important job in examination management. In this paper, starting from the test and test after the three stage, to explore how to do college test management scientifically and effectiv

8、ely problem. 　　1.做好考前準(zhǔn)備工作，是考試管理工作的基礎(chǔ) 1 do a good job in preparation work, is the basis of test management 　　1.1考試管理需要制定一套全面、詳細(xì)、明確的考試管理規(guī)定作為依據(jù)。 1.1 examination management needs to make a comprehensive, detailed, clear the examination regulations as the basis. 　　考試管理規(guī)定通過明確哪些行為必須遵守，哪些行為必須禁止，以及相應(yīng)的

9、處罰措施來規(guī)范考場紀(jì)律，禁止作弊行為，讓學(xué)生和監(jiān)考人員有法可依，有法必依，避免處理過程的爭議?？荚嚬芾硪?guī)定要全面詳細(xì)，不留漏洞。 The examination regulations through clear what behavior must comply with, what behavior must be forbidden, and the corresponding punishment measures to regulate the examination discipline, no cheating behavior, let the students and i

10、nvigilators law, law, avoid the dispute process. Examination management requires a comprehensive and detailed, leaving no loopholes. 　　1.2做好學(xué)生的考前教育工作是端正考風(fēng)的關(guān)鍵。 1.2 of students exam education is the key to correct the test. 　　學(xué)生是考試作弊的主體，對采取作弊行為起決定性作用。平時(shí)在課堂上、宣傳活動(dòng)中要進(jìn)行滲入式誠信教育，從內(nèi)因上杜絕作弊思想的產(chǎn)生。這份工作要盡早做、持

11、續(xù)做。只有盡早消除弄虛作假、投機(jī)取巧的想法，學(xué)生才能安分地去努力學(xué)習(xí)。如果只在考前臨時(shí)教育學(xué)生，有些學(xué)生由于沒有足夠的時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)，仍有可能去冒險(xiǎn)。另外，要組織學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)考試管理規(guī)定，讓學(xué)生了解相關(guān)規(guī)定，知法守法，這樣可減少因不了解產(chǎn)生的考場秩序不安定因素。學(xué)校也要注重營造“誠信考試，作弊可恥”的氛圍，如在宣傳欄、教室過道、考場周圍等公共場所張貼醒目海報(bào)“一次作弊、終身后悔”，在考試周的大屏幕上及時(shí)公示作弊后果、處罰方式，等等，對學(xué)生起教育和警誡作用。想鋌而走險(xiǎn)的學(xué)生如果知道有多險(xiǎn)，或許就不會冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)。 Students are the main body of cheating, cheati

12、ng behavior plays a decisive role to take. Usually in the classroom, in the campaign to the infiltration of honesty education, the thought from the internal to cheat. This job is done as soon as possible, continue to do. Only as soon as possible to eliminate the resort to deceit, do things by irregu

13、lar ways of thinking, students can quietly to study hard. If only in the temporary education students, some students because there is not enough time to review, there are still likely to take risks. In addition, to organize learning examination regulations, let the students understand the relevant p

14、rovisions, know the law, this can reduce the due to lack of understanding of the examination order unstable factors. Schools should pay attention to build " good faith examination, cheating shameful" atmosphere, such as publicity column, the classroom, the examination in public places such as aisle

15、around posted eye-catching posters " a cheat, regret for life ", in the exam week on the big screen timely publicity cheating consequences, punishments, etc., play a role in education and caution the students. Want to rush into danger if they knew how dangerous, perhaps will not take the risk. 　　1.

16、3做好監(jiān)考人員的培訓(xùn)工作。 1.3 to invigilate personnel training work. 　　監(jiān)考人員最重要的素質(zhì)是責(zé)任心。應(yīng)在實(shí)際工作中選拔一批富有責(zé)任感的監(jiān)考隊(duì)伍，同時(shí)對監(jiān)考人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，保證每個(gè)監(jiān)考人員深刻了解考試管理規(guī)定，并讓監(jiān)考人員了解監(jiān)考流程步驟的各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)及其原因、可能出現(xiàn)的問題、注意事項(xiàng)、應(yīng)急事件處理等。 The invigilator is the most important quality responsibility. In the practical work of selecting a group of rich sense of

17、responsibility at the team, and training of the invigilators, ensure each invigilators a profound understanding of examination management regulations, and let the invigilator to understand every detail and its causes, possible problems, invigilation process attention emergency matters, etc.. 　　留學(xué)生的

18、考試存在與中國學(xué)生不同的問題，主要表現(xiàn)在利用語言差異或文化差異來違反考場紀(jì)律，如同伴間用母語交談，以語言障礙為由裝不懂考場指令或監(jiān)考人員的批評教育，以尊重人權(quán)為由不斷去衛(wèi)生間，等等，考試遲到、交卷拖拉、不按規(guī)定就坐、忘帶考試文具等現(xiàn)象也較為多見。為此，我們需要建設(shè)一支外語水平較高、對留學(xué)生監(jiān)考經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的監(jiān)考隊(duì)伍。 Students test is different from Chinese students, mainly in the use of language differences and cultural differences to who violates the exa

19、mination discipline, as with by native speakers talk, the language barrier is installed do not understand the criticism of education examination instruction or invigilators, to respect human rights by the time to go to the bathroom, and so on, late for an exam, you drag, not according to the provisi

20、ons of SAT, forgot the exam stationery phenomenon is also more common. Therefore, we need to build a high level language, the invigilator experienced invigilation team students. 　　2.做好考中管理工作是考試管理工作的關(guān)鍵 2 do the examination management is the key of test management 　　做好考中管理工作是端正考風(fēng)、嚴(yán)肅考紀(jì)的保證?？贾泄芾砉ぷ髯钪匾?/p>

21、的是把好監(jiān)考關(guān)，減少作弊有利條件。 Do the examination management is correcting exam style, something that. Examination management is the most important good invigilators Commissioner, reduce cheating favorable conditions. 　　2.1把好監(jiān)考關(guān)。 2.1 good invigilators commissioner. 　　監(jiān)考看起來是一件簡單的工作，但是要做好不是件容易的事。監(jiān)考人員一定要有責(zé)任心，認(rèn)

22、真做好每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，哪怕很小的事，都不要出錯(cuò)。一百個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，做好了九十九個(gè)，有一個(gè)沒做到位，就有可能會導(dǎo)致不可彌補(bǔ)的后果。管理部門應(yīng)根據(jù)以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)制定詳細(xì)全面的監(jiān)考流程步驟和考試管理規(guī)定，并分發(fā)到監(jiān)考人員手里，以免監(jiān)考人員忽略了某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，也便于監(jiān)考人員及時(shí)順利地制止或處理各類特發(fā)事件及違規(guī)行為。監(jiān)考人員需要過好考前通知關(guān)，考試座位安排關(guān)，考生資格檢查關(guān)，試卷清點(diǎn)關(guān)，考場秩序維持關(guān)，等等。 Examiners may seem like a simple task, but it is not easy to do. The examiner must have the sense of resp

23、onsibility, conscientiously do a good job in every detail, even a small thing, dont go wrong. The details of one hundred, to ninety-nine, one did not reach the designated position, it may lead to irreparable consequences. Management departments should formulate the procedures and examination regulat

24、ions in detail, based on past experience, and distributed to the hands of the invigilators, lest the invigilator ignores a detail, also facilitate the invigilator to successfully stop or processing all kinds of special events and illegal behavior. The examiner needs good exam notice, exam seating ar

25、rangement, the examinee qualification examination, examination room inventory, order maintenance, etc.. 　　考前通知，如在教室黑板上貼出醒目的告示，告知學(xué)生必須禁止的行為；告知考生考試時(shí)間，中途不可離開考場，不可攜帶與考試相關(guān)的材料，等等。 The notice, such as posted eye-catching signs in the classroom blackboard, told the students must be prohibited; to inform t

26、he examinee examination time, midway can not leave the examination room, do not carry and examination of the relevant materials, etc.. 　　做好考試座位安排，往往能事半功倍。監(jiān)考人員應(yīng)利用教室的條件，盡量拉開考生之間的距離，同時(shí)保持橫向和縱向成直線，減少作弊有利條件。把誠信度不高的學(xué)生安排在教室前排，減少不安定因素。為避免歧視糾紛，可在平時(shí)建立學(xué)生誠信檔案，并告知有不良誠信記錄的學(xué)生將在考試中被安排在教室前排。 Do well in the exam se

27、ating arrangements, often can be twice the result with half the effort. The examiner should use the classroom conditions, try to pull the distance between the candidates, while maintaining the horizontal and vertical alignment, reduce cheating favorable conditions. The integrity is not high students

28、 in the front row of the classroom, reduce unstable factors. In order to avoid discrimination dispute, can usually establish student credit files, and inform the students will have bad credit records in the exam is arranged in the front of the classroom. 　　監(jiān)考人員應(yīng)一前一后、一動(dòng)一靜地進(jìn)行考場巡視，或根據(jù)實(shí)際情況采取有利于維持考場秩序的監(jiān)

29、考行為，讓學(xué)生在心理上有震懾作用，同時(shí)注意維護(hù)舒適的考試環(huán)境，避免對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生干擾。 The examiner should one after another, a move a quiet to the examination room visits, or according to the actual situation to take to maintain the order of examination invigilator behavior, let the students have a deterrent in the psychology, also pay atte

30、ntion to maintaining comfort test environment, to avoid interference to the students. 　　2.2通過改革減少作弊有利條件。 2.2 through reform to reduce cheating favorable conditions. 　　2.2.1改革考試內(nèi)容。大學(xué)教學(xué)應(yīng)著力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主解決問題的能力，而非記背公式、概念的能力，提倡盡量多采取開放式考試，讓學(xué)生真正應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識來解決問題。 2.2.1 examination content reform. University teachi

31、ng should focus on fostering the students ability to solve problems independently, rather than write ability back formula, concept, advocate to take the open examination, to solve the problem that the students really use the knowledge. 2.2.2改革考試形式。如，我校一位老師開發(fā)了一個(gè)考試軟件，由軟件隨機(jī)調(diào)出題庫，這樣每個(gè)學(xué)生的考試內(nèi)容都是不一樣的，學(xué)生想抄也

32、抄不了，只有老老實(shí)實(shí)復(fù)習(xí)備考。對于小班上課的課程，完全可以將考試題目作部分更改，相鄰座位的學(xué)生分發(fā)不同類型的試卷，減少作弊的可能，老師改卷子也不會帶來太大困難。也可借鑒國外學(xué)校的考試方法。澳大利亞有這么一種考試方法，每個(gè)課程有兩次考試，一次開卷，一次閉卷。開卷考試，學(xué)生可以帶任何材料，包括電腦，考試題目可能通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就能查到答案。而閉卷考試，不允許帶考試相關(guān)材料。最終考試結(jié)果是這兩種考試成績的綜合，并且成績不是實(shí)際成績，而是根據(jù)排名定出最終成績。 2.2.2 reform of the examination form. For example, our school a teacher

33、developed a test software, the software random out of question database, so that each student exam content is not the same, students want to copy copied, only honest review for the test. For small classes of course, can be completely exams as part of the change, the adjacent seat students distribute

34、 different types of paper, reduce the possibility of cheating, the teacher s papers will not cause too much trouble. Can also learn from foreign school examination method. Australia has such an examination method, there are two exams each course, a book, a closed book. An open-book exam, students ca

35、n take any material, including computer, exam questions may find the answer through the Internet can. But close examination, are not allowed to take exams related materials. The final exam results are a combination of these two kinds of test scores and grades, not actual performance, but according t

36、o the ranking of the results. 　　2.2.3改革成績系統(tǒng)。對于留學(xué)生考試，我校加大平時(shí)成績的比例，來確定最終成績，即通過增加過程成績的重要性來鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生平時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)，期末考試的重要性減弱了，作弊收益率隨之降低。不過，大部分考試仍采取平時(shí)成績與期末成績綜合的實(shí)際分?jǐn)?shù)來作為最終成績。是否可以考慮按照排名來定最終成績呢？因?yàn)榕琶麜苯右l(fā)學(xué)生間的競爭，會減少某些學(xué)優(yōu)生對學(xué)困生的作弊無動(dòng)于衷甚至配合作弊的情況。 2.2.3 score system reform. For the examination of students, our school more usu

37、ally results in proportion, to determine the final result, namely the importance of increasing process performance to encourage students to study hard, the importance of the final exam is abate, cheating income decreases. However, most still take the usual practice exam grades and academic comprehen

38、sive as the final result. Can consider whether to set the final score according to the rankings? Because the ranking will directly cause of competition among students, will reduce some of the gifted students for poor students cheating completely indifferent even with cheating. 　　2.2.4改革監(jiān)考模式。隨著科技的發(fā)展

39、，有些學(xué)生開始采用高科技作弊，我們的監(jiān)考方式仍大都沿用傳統(tǒng)模式。我們的監(jiān)考方式是否也可以加進(jìn)高科技成分？對于手機(jī)不能帶進(jìn)考場的規(guī)定，雖然屢次強(qiáng)調(diào)，但仍有學(xué)生不聽命令，揣進(jìn)衣服帶到座位。在考場安裝信號干擾器，就可輕松解決通訊作弊的問題。監(jiān)考人員在抓作弊時(shí)，需要有確鑿證據(jù)和考生的承認(rèn)書，而有些作弊現(xiàn)象難以采集確鑿的證據(jù)，當(dāng)事人又堅(jiān)決否認(rèn)其作弊行為，這讓許多監(jiān)考人員覺得抓作弊是很麻煩的、吃力不討好的事，從而對作弊采取遷就姑息的態(tài)度。我們是否可以考慮在考場安裝攝像機(jī)，以利于采集作弊證據(jù)？最重要的是，這個(gè)鐵面無私的機(jī)器可以給學(xué)生帶來巨大的震懾作用，有效制止作弊行為。 2.2.4 reform inv

40、igilation mode. With the development of science and technology, some students began to use high-tech cheating, we still have the traditional mode. Whether we can also add the invigilation mode of high-tech components? Provisions for mobile phone can not bring into the examination room, although repe

41、atedly stressed, but there are still students listen to commands, in your clothes to the seat. In the examination room installed jammer, can easily solve the communication problem of cheating. The invigilator in caught cheating, need to have the book that evidence and the candidates, but some cheati

42、ng is difficult to collect evidence, the parties also denied the cheating behavior, which makes many invigilators feel caught cheating is a very troublesome, thankless thing, thus taking overlenient attitude towards cheating. Whether we can consider the installation of cameras in the examination roo

43、m, to facilitate the collection of evidence of cheating? Most importantly, this be just and stern machine can bring great deterrent effect to the students, and effectively prevent the cheating behavior. 　　3.做好考后管理工作，把不正之風(fēng)消滅在萌芽狀態(tài) 3 to do management work after the test, the unwholesome tendencies n

44、ipped in the bud 　　考后管理工作主要包括兩方面：對于違規(guī)現(xiàn)象的及時(shí)處理，對學(xué)生進(jìn)行考后再教育。 Management after the test mainly includes two aspects: the timely treatment for illegal phenomenon, test after the education of students. 　　處理違規(guī)行為要遵循考試管理規(guī)定做到有理有據(jù)，客觀公正。處理違規(guī)行為是一項(xiàng)無奈但是必須完成的任務(wù)，只有對作弊行為進(jìn)行懲罰，才能維護(hù)誠信學(xué)生的生存空間，制止不正之風(fēng)的蔓延，所以，不但要及時(shí)處理，而且要對

45、學(xué)生進(jìn)行考后再教育，讓作弊學(xué)生了解其行為的錯(cuò)誤性，同時(shí)警誡其他學(xué)生下次發(fā)生此行為發(fā)生。如果沒有考后再教育，學(xué)生會以為考試管理規(guī)定不過流于形式嚇唬人的東西而已。當(dāng)同學(xué)受到懲罰時(shí)，學(xué)生會有切身體會，深刻了解到作弊后果的嚴(yán)重性，從而起到良好的警誡作用。 Deal with irregularities should follow the examination regulations be reasonable, objective and fair. Deal with the violation is a helpless but must complete the task, only t

46、he cheating punishment, can maintain the integrity of their living space, to stop the spread of unwholesome tendencies, so, not only to the timely processing, but also to carry out examination and education to students, let students understand the error of cheating behavior, also cautioned other the

47、 next time the students behavior. If there is no test after the education, students will think the examination regulations but a mere formality bluff. When students are punished, students will be keenly aware of, a profound understanding of the seriousness of the consequences of cheating, which play

48、s a good role caution. 　　考試管理工作如同保衛(wèi)公平與正義的戰(zhàn)斗任務(wù)，與考試中各種不誠信思想及行為作艱苦斗爭。為打贏每一場戰(zhàn)斗，管理部門需要從內(nèi)因、外因入手，對學(xué)生作弊現(xiàn)象及解決方法進(jìn)行研究，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，勇于探索，不斷改進(jìn)考核形式、管理方法，從內(nèi)因消滅不誠信思想，從外因消滅作弊條件，維護(hù)考試的公平公正，充分發(fā)揮考試的積極功能，為教學(xué)質(zhì)量的提高起促進(jìn)作用。 Examination management is to defend the fairness and justice of the combat mission, hard struggle and examina

49、tion of dishonest behavior and thoughts. To win every battle, management needs to start from the internal cause, external cause, cheating and the student solutions research, advancing with the times, the courage to explore, constantly improve the examination forms, management method, destroy not sincere thought from the internal, eliminate cheating from external conditions, to maintain the fairness of the exam, give full play to the positive function. In order to improve the quality of teaching, promote.