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1、第六講　定語從句 　　　　　　關系代詞引導的定語從句 1．which指物， 在從句中可以作主語或賓語， 作賓語時可以省略。 2．that指人或物均可， 在從句中可以作主語或賓語， 作賓語時可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。 3．限制性定語從句中， 關系代詞只用that不用which的情況： (1)先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing

2、, something, everything, none, the one等或被不定代詞修飾時。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯誤而對我進行的指責。 (2)先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞， 或先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。 (3)先行詞被the only

3、, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修飾時。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 這頓飯只有甜點是我愛吃的。 (4)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。 They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他們將永遠不會忘記在他

4、們的長途旅行中見到或聽說過的人和事。 4．關系詞只用which而不用that的情況： (一句話口訣： 逗號后、介詞后不可用that) (1)引導非限制性定語從句時。 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt, which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 特德周末來時只穿著短褲和一件T恤， 這種天氣穿這樣的衣服有點傻。 (2)當從句中的介詞提前， 構成“介詞＋關系代詞” 結構時。 We live in an age in which more

5、 information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我們生活在一個信息比以前更容易獲得的時代。 5．who, whom的用法： who或whom均可指代人， 但who在從句中作主語或賓語， whom在從句中作賓語； 兩者在引導限制性定語從句時可用that替換。 作主語時， who/that不可省略； 作賓語時， whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that

6、I met in the English speech contest last year. 我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結識的同校同學成了好朋友。 6．whose的用法： whose表所屬關系， 既可指人也可指物， 在從句中作定語。 指物時相當于of which; 指人時相當于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學生， 放假時商店關門。 7．a(chǎn)s也可以引導非限制性定語從句， 定語從句說明整個句子， 可

7、放在主句之前。 常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper, such... as... , the same... as... 等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。 　　　　　　關系副詞引導的定語從句 1．where表地點

8、， 在定語從句中作地點狀語， 相當于“介詞in/at/on... ＋which” 。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 銀行是在天晴之時借傘給你， 到了下雨時就催你還回去的地方。 2．當先行詞為situation, case, stage, point, atmosphere等抽象名詞， 且引導詞在定語從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時， 常用關系副詞where引導。 (2015浙江高考單項

9、填空)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 創(chuàng)造出讓員工感覺到自己就是團隊一員的一種氛圍是極大的挑戰(zhàn)。 3．why表原因， 在定語從句中作原因狀語， 相當于“介詞for＋which” 結構。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他沒參加會議的原因嗎？ 在非限制性定語從句中， 常用for which表原因而不用why。 I had told them

10、the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把我沒有去開會的理由告訴了他們。 4．when表時間， 在定語從句中作時間狀語， 相當于“介詞in/at/on/during... ＋which” 結構。 (2014湖南高考單項填空)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 我正期待著那一天的到來， 那時我女兒可以讀這本書并且了解我對她的感情。 單句語法填空 1．

11、(2015四川高考單項填空)The books on the desk, ____________covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 答案：whose 2．(2016泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of teenagers____________had given up part of their summer vacation to help others. 答案：who/that 3．(2016湖南懷化一模)Almost every teenager will experience a period

12、 in their life____________they aren’t content with their parents. 答案：when 4．(2015安徽高考單項填空)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school education depends. 答案：which 5．(2016河北保定二模)First Jack was to draft the speech, ____________was just a piece of cake for him becaus

13、e he was a good writer. 答案：which 6．A story I read two years ago, ____________ name I can’t remember clearly, changed my idea about education. 答案：whose 單句改錯 1．The little girl, whom was not little anymore, left home and went into the world.whom→who 2．When you get stressed, one of the first thin

14、gs which happen is that blood pressure rises.which→that 3．Mrs. White is a teacher with rich teaching experience, from which much can be learned.which→whom 4．The old woman often told her grandson the past days that she worked hard to make a living.that→when 5．After graduation she reaches a point i

15、n her career which she needs to decide what to do and she can do what she enjoys.which→where ,　　　　　　　[學生用書P269]) 單句語法填空 1．(2015全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River____________are pictured by artists in

16、so many Chinese paintings. 答案：that/which 2．(2014北京高考單項填空)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, __________my classmates recommended to me. 答案：which 3．(2016福建龍巖質(zhì)檢)At the requests of some English learners, he has published a lot of books, one of____________is about Englis

17、h idioms. 答案：which 4．(2016唐山一中仿真模擬一)The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least$76 billion, ____________made his money by starting the company Microsoft. 答案：who 5．(2016南昌二模)So, they looked around for a soccer club____________would be able to do this for them. 答案：that/which 6．(2016河南三門峽考

18、前適應性練習)Jane paused in front of a counter____________some attractive ties were on display. 答案：where 7．(2016南陽一中二模)Freeflyers, ____________the name suggests, enjoy the more spontaneous(即興的) thrill of doing their own things. 答案：as 8．(2016南昌十所重點中學交流試卷)Then the judge made his decision. Since Sam lost

19、 a bag of 75 gold coins, the bag found by the girl____________had only 50 coins doesn’t belong to Sam. 答案：that 9．(2016江西八校一模)She cried because their relationship____________had lasted for years was unexpectedly defeated by another woman’s back. 答案：which/that 10．(2016河南六市聯(lián)考)Dr. Joyce Poole is a z

20、oologist, ____________studies the sounds of elephants. 答案：who 11．(2015重慶高考單項填空)He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of____________were published in the 1990s. 答案：which 12．(2015江蘇高考單項填空)The number of smokers, ____________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 答案：as 13．(

21、2016聊城模擬)On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm____________we learnt to plant potatoes. 答案：where 14．(2016天津和平測試)We’ll put off the meeting until next week, ____________we won’t be so busy. 答案：when 15．(2016山東日照一模)Anyone____________upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can a

22、pply for these courses. 答案：who 單句改錯 1．(2016江西南昌十所重點中學二模)We can hear birds singing happily all around. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. that→which 2．(2016浙江杭州質(zhì)檢)Most importantly, living with your friends will improve your team spirit, that will be beneficial to your future caree

23、r.that→which 3．(2016濰坊模擬)But I will stay on a health farm which I won’t be able to eat much and I’ll have to stick to my regular diet for a month.which→where 4．(2016山東省實驗中學模擬)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of who are family members. who→whom 5．On the third floor there are two r

24、ooms, one of them is used as a meeting room. them→which 6．(2016太原模擬)There are two lakes, where cover nearly ten thousand space kilometers. where→which 7．(2016山西忻州四校聯(lián)考)The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood. which→whose 8．(2016石家莊模擬)Everyone has periods i

25、n their lives that everything seems very hard. that→when 語法填空 (2016東北師范大學附中模擬)I was nine years old when I learnt to ride a bike. The bike was a birthday present from my uncle. You can imagine how 1.____________ (excite) I was when I saw the bike, and I begged my uncle to teach me how 2.__________

26、__ (ride) it right away. However, before I got on the bike, I felt 3.____________ (extreme) nervous and I was afraid that I would fall off and hurt 4.____________ (me). My uncle held onto the seat and helped me to get5.____________ the bike. While I was riding, he was running along beside me, holdi

27、ng the seat so I would not fall over. I was so 6.____________(grate) to him for his help. As I was practicing, I became more and more confident. Then, I heard my uncle shouting, “You are riding it by yourself now！” I was both excited and scared. I was really riding by myself, but 7.____________ if

28、 I fell off? Could I use the brakes to stop? As I was wondering about this, my uncle ran after me and got hold of the bike. I 8.____________ (slow) down and came to a stop. My heart was still beating fast when I got off the bike. 9.____________ (late) that day, having learnt how to get on the bike a

29、nd get off it, I felt like I was walking on air! I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my 10.____________ (nine) birthday. 1．excited　解析： 考查形容詞。 “你能想像到我看到自行車時有多么興奮” , 指人“興奮， 激動” , 故填excited。 2．to ride　解析： 此處考查“疑問詞＋to do” 結構。 我求叔叔立刻教我如何騎自行車。 3．extremely　解析： 考查副詞。 此處用

30、副詞修飾形容詞nervous。 4．myself　解析： 考查代詞。 我很緊張， 害怕摔下來傷了自己。 5．on　解析： 考查介詞。 叔叔抓著后座， 幫我騎上自行車。 6．grateful　解析： 考查詞性轉換。 be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人。 7．what　解析： 考查固定結構。 what if... 要是……怎么辦， 此處表示要是我摔下來怎么辦。 8．slowed　解析： 考查時態(tài)。由空后的“and came to a stop可知， 此處為and連接的并列謂語，故用一般過去時slowed”。 9．Later　解析： 考查副詞。 那

31、天之后， 學會了如何騎自行車， 我感覺像在空中行走一樣。 10．ninth　解析： 考查數(shù)詞。 我感謝叔叔在我第九個生日時教我學會騎自行車。 短文改錯 (2016山東德州二模) Dear Sir/Madam， Very glad to know that our school broadcasting station needs a new member this term.I’m writing to apply to the position. I am Li Hua，the boy from Senior One.I have ever been a broadcast

32、er before and in Junior Three I have gained the first prize in the contest of Putonghua of our grade.My friends around always tell me my voice sounds beautifully.Of course，I know become a broadcaster calls for extra devotion and more times after school is necessary for a better performance.Perhaps，m

33、y school life will be busier with such a task every day，so I’d like to develop me and obtain more knowledge after class to make my new school life more colorful. I’m eager for your reply and I’ll be more than happy until you can consider my application.Please make contact me by telephone at 5103123

34、 or email me at lihua 101@ . Yours faithfully， Li Hua 答案： Dear Sir/Madam， Very glad to know that our school broadcasting station needs a new member this term.I’m writing to apply the position. I am Li Hua， boy from Senior One.I have ever been a broadcaster before and in Junior Three I gaine

35、d the first prize in the contest of Putonghua of our grade.My friends around always tell me my voice sounds .Of course，I know ∧,to)或 a broadcaster calls for extra devotion and more after school is necessary for a better performance.Perhaps，my school life will be busier with such a task every day， I

36、’d like to develop and obtain more knowledge after class to make my new school life more colorful. I’m eager for your reply and I’ll be more than happy you can consider my application.Please make contact ∧,with) me by telephone at 5103123 or email me at lihua 101 @ . Yours faithfully， Li Hua