典型回轉(zhuǎn)零件數(shù)控車削加工工藝分析與實現(xiàn)含CAD圖,典型,回轉(zhuǎn),零件,數(shù)控,車削,加工,工藝,分析,實現(xiàn),CAD 附錄一： welrservices 基于PDM 和DNC 系統(tǒng)集成設計 摘要：在網(wǎng)絡化制造環(huán)境,產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)集成是協(xié)同的基礎 在制造業(yè)企業(yè)中的制造。這是非常 建立一個有效的整合機制的重要產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)共享的制造企業(yè)地理上分散的，異構(gòu)系統(tǒng)平臺。在 以企業(yè)級產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)管理的集成（PDM >系統(tǒng)和車間級的分布式計算控制（DNC）系統(tǒng)， 基于 Web 的描述服務技術(shù)，基于一個 welrservices 整合方法以促進無縫共享在網(wǎng)絡的 PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)間產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)制造環(huán)境。為了驗證該方法} CH，基于實例的集成發(fā)展了 Java 2 的軟件實現(xiàn)開發(fā)工具包和 Java Web 服務開發(fā)。 一種產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)管理的主要目的（PDM）系統(tǒng)的設計流程和管理在其生命周期中保持 2 個產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)。分布式數(shù)控（DNC）系統(tǒng)連接編程設備機械加工相關(guān)的（如數(shù)控機床）的優(yōu)勢為了控制計算機實施控制管理 3。各種數(shù)據(jù)（例如，工藝規(guī)劃與 NC 代碼） 中使用 PDM 系統(tǒng)位于鉛 MES 也通過位于所需的 DNC 系統(tǒng)協(xié)同制造執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)（MES 調(diào)度中的合同）加工階段。因此，數(shù)據(jù)在一個變化系統(tǒng)有可能對其他相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的影響系統(tǒng)。本文開發(fā)了一個 Web 服務基于}支持信息集成框架 PDM 系統(tǒng)在 DNC 系統(tǒng)之間流動網(wǎng)絡化制造環(huán)境。 在第二十一世紀，隨著的快速發(fā)展 Internet 和 Web 技術(shù)，許多制造業(yè)企業(yè)（MES） 都采用了網(wǎng)絡化制造模式作為自己的商業(yè)模式，因為這些 MES 有如何提高他們認可的網(wǎng)絡化制造在削減成本方面的競爭力，提高質(zhì)量和豐富的效果。許多新鮮的合作 模式，例如，虛擬企業(yè)，聯(lián)盟制造，協(xié)同制造，等提出了實施產(chǎn)品設計在網(wǎng)絡化制造環(huán)境下的發(fā)展。合作正在成為普遍的做法，在 MES。產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)（例如，CAD 文件， 比爾的材料（BOM），工藝規(guī)劃，數(shù)控（NC）代碼，等）整合是實現(xiàn)這些基礎設施在MES 的合作。 作為一種新的軟件服務，Web 服務模塊化的，自描述的，獨立的應用可以發(fā)布， 定位，和動態(tài)調(diào)用在腹板與分布式計算模型。目前的可擴展標記語言（XML）技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡環(huán)境下的 Web 服務網(wǎng)絡，方便系統(tǒng)集成。因此，Web 服務，新興的隨著集成技術(shù)的下一代，記 新技術(shù)替代早期的分布計算模型，如 CORBA，Java RMI，DCOM } S.Web 服務技術(shù)的基礎上建立的開放標準和公共基礎設施。Web 服務有幾個標準協(xié)議的互操作。UDDI （通用描述，發(fā)現(xiàn)，集成）是一個 Web 服務注冊使 Web 服務標準提供給用戶（UDDI。org 版本 3 規(guī)范）。Web 服務描述語言（WSDL）是一個標準 Web 服務描述他們的界面和功能。一個 WSDL 文檔的細節(jié)公布的函數(shù)調(diào)用和為用戶提供了一個接觸點。簡單對象訪問協(xié)議 （ SOAP ） 定義了一個基本的通信協(xié)議。所有的 Web 服務實現(xiàn)包括三個核心componentsl 6：服務請求者，服務提供商，和一個可選的服務注冊中心。服務請求者應用程序可以通過查詢服務提供商處服務注冊中心或通過訪問一個已知的服務端點。服務請求的 XML 詞匯編碼在服務請求者和服務的理解提供程序，封裝在 SOAP 信封，并發(fā)送到服務提供者通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議。的消息進行解碼，行動，和響應編碼在一個平行 process.fig 返回。1 說明了這些關(guān)系。SOAP（XML 消息）運輸建立在經(jīng)典計算機網(wǎng)絡層與通常的通過傳輸控制協(xié)議（TCP）/通信互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議（IP），超文本傳輸協(xié)議 HTTP）和簡單郵件傳輸協(xié)議（SMTP）。 通過在網(wǎng)絡數(shù)據(jù)交換的實現(xiàn)制造環(huán)境。PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)集成架構(gòu)，使用 Web 服務范例意味著使用下列標準的系統(tǒng)整合：（1）產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)會傳達一個標準的 XML 技術(shù)在PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)之間格式。（2）肥皂將用于發(fā)送和接收 XML 文檔。（3）集成接口規(guī)范將與 WSDL 中定義。（4）一個注冊表 PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)的接口將被出版的 UDDI。為了解決 PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)集成的問題，Web 服務基于 PDM 和 DNC }系統(tǒng)集成框架如圖 2 所示。的框架提供了集成模型和實施方法。它還提供了一些指導—線如何傳統(tǒng) 企業(yè)管理再造系統(tǒng)應用程序的 Web 服務集成}。如圖 2 所示，當 DNC 系統(tǒng)作為一個服務請求者，PDM 系統(tǒng)作為一種服務 供應商反之亦然。PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)提供集成的外部接口。PDM 和部件實現(xiàn)了 DNC 系統(tǒng)集成 PDM 和 DNC 的 Web 服務的 Web 服務。PDM—Web 服務/ DNC 的 Web 服務（提供者） 是方提供 DNC 軟件應用系統(tǒng)/ PDM 系統(tǒng)的需求服務。PDM Web 服務/ DNC 的 Web 服務發(fā)布和更新他們的服務，使他們可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。的 DNC 網(wǎng)絡服務/ PDM Web 服務（請求）是當事人可以通過一個服務可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。 制造企業(yè) UDDI 起的作用在 PDM 的互操作被用來執(zhí)行兩個不同的和 DNCrmportant 它的系統(tǒng)?？梢栽O置活動發(fā)布，更新參與者提供者（PDM—服務代理服務提供商發(fā)現(xiàn)種服務 stratrons REG }。（1）的活動服務服務/ DNC）和 Web 服務（制造企業(yè)可以執(zhí)行肥皂這些行動 UDDI）。通過這個的這個交換的 UDDI 隨著服務的消息經(jīng)紀人。這可以通過使用 UDDI 實現(xiàn)工具原料藥。（2）搜索 UDDI 注冊中心的服務注冊。這個活動可以發(fā)生在開發(fā)時間和運行時間。在開發(fā)時，UDDI 注冊中心可以通過搜索 / PDM 系統(tǒng)合適的服務和 DNC 系統(tǒng)可用于定位相應的 WSDL 文件。WSDL 文檔存儲在服務提供商。PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)間產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)交換系統(tǒng)中的 XML，結(jié)構(gòu)化通用格式文件。支持 XML 文檔處理，各種規(guī)范和標準的出現(xiàn)，如可擴展樣式表語言（XSL），文檔對象模型（DOM），基于 XML 的簡單 API（SAX），資源描述框架（RDF），等在這里， PDM 系統(tǒng) DNC 系統(tǒng)將接收到的 XML 數(shù)據(jù)在一個 DOM 對象，這就是后來轉(zhuǎn)化為其專有的數(shù)據(jù)通過施加一個預定義的 XSL 樣式表的格式。為了證明的有效性擬議的方法，并說明如何 PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)的工作一起達到產(chǎn)品 數(shù)據(jù)共享的目標，一個實例的 PDM 和 DNC 系統(tǒng)集成本文采用。有精益的 DNC 系統(tǒng)無錫壓縮機廠的生產(chǎn)車間。在 DNC 系統(tǒng)，技術(shù)規(guī)格（如，部分信息，工具，夾具，加工工藝，數(shù)值碼，等等）的處理部分來自于一個分株水平 SIPM PDM 系統(tǒng)。調(diào)試在 DNC 系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值代碼必須回到 SIPMPDM 系統(tǒng)。SiPM PDM 提供十四的外部與其他系統(tǒng) 的集成接口。六個主要的外部接口。 在我們的一體化發(fā)展的情況，一個 SIPMPDM 和 DNC 的 Web 服務組件的 Web 服務 組件已被開發(fā)使用 Java `”` 2 軟件開發(fā)工具包（j2sdk1.4。2）} }和 Java 的`” `Web 服務開發(fā)包（JWSDP 1。3）} }在 Windows 8000 職業(yè)環(huán)境。j2sdk1.4.2 是構(gòu)建應用程序開發(fā)環(huán)境， 小程序，使用 Java 編程和組件語言。JWSDP 1.3 匯集了一組 Java API 對 XML 的支持重點基于 XML 的 Java 應用程序標準，如 SOAP，WSDL 和 UDDI。這些 API 和他們的參考實現(xiàn)是捆綁在一起的一設置運行時工具形成 JWSDP 1。3.我們描述之前，這兩個組件之間的通信通過 SOAP，這是通過 Java API 的 XML 消息（JAXM）。這樣的信息遵循 SOAP JAXM 標準， 它規(guī)定的消息格式和指定所需的事情， 可選的， 或不允許。一旦SIPM PDM Web 服務組件和 DNC 的 Web 服務組件已經(jīng)建立，Web 的 PDM Web 服務組件服務應發(fā)表在 UDDI 注冊中心。WSDL 規(guī)范是用來描述和發(fā)布 SIPM PDM 在一個標準的 Web 服務組件。圖 3 說明了對于搜索接口的 WSDL 文檔的一部分。UDDI 是用來注冊和發(fā)布的 SIPM PDM Web 服務的 UDDI 注冊中心。一種基于 Web 服務接口定義過程如圖所示。 示了一個用戶界面（UI）屏幕的 SIPM PDM 系統(tǒng)客戶端（DNC 系統(tǒng)）登錄。當 日志在 SIPM PDM 系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵用戶，各種零件的技術(shù)規(guī)格可從 SIPM PDM 系統(tǒng)。圖 6 說明了一個用戶界面從 SIPM PDM 搜索部分過程的細節(jié)屏幕通過 SOAP 消息系統(tǒng)。在這個 UI 屏幕，用戶可以得到的部分過程的詳細信息，如過程版本，需要的機床，工具，夾具，等。 在窗口的頂部，你輸入一個部分的名稱或/和后零件號，你可以獲得一部分過程的版本。當你選擇一個過程的版本，你可以得到部分過程的細節(jié)，在窗口中顯示。從部分選擇一步工序 的過程中，你可以下載相應的 NC 文件得到相應的信息的工具，夾具信息。 應用 Web 服務技術(shù)，探討集成的企業(yè)級管理系統(tǒng)（例如，PDM，ERP，SCM，等） 和車間級控制管理系統(tǒng)（例如，MES，DNC，等）已本文介紹了。為了驗證該方法的有效性和該方法簡單，一個 PDM 和 DNC 的案例開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)集成。實際應用表明：Web 服務技術(shù)的互操作性和增加降低了企業(yè)應用封裝的復雜性系統(tǒng)集成的比較與其他分布式對象技術(shù)，如 CORBA，厄運。Java 的使用 XML 允許代碼和產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)的可移植性不同的操作平臺。我們的研究可以提供一個制造企業(yè)準備參考實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡化的企業(yè)信息集成制造環(huán)境。 附錄二： Web-services-based Integration Design of PDM and DNC Systems＊ ZHOU Bing-hai(周炳海)1＊,WANG Shi-jin(王世進)1,CAO Yong-shang(曹永上)2 1 Schoolof Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200030,China 2 Schoolof Mechanical Engineering,ShanghaiUniversity ofEngineering Science,Shanghai 200336,China Abstract:In a networked manufacturing environment,product data integration is the foundation of collaborativemanufacturing among manufacturing enterprises.It is veryimportant to build an effective integration mechanism forproduct data sharing of manufacturing enterprises ingeographically dispersed,heterogeneous system platform. Inorder to integrate enterprise level product data management(PDM)system and shop floor level distributed numericalcontrol(DNC)system,based on the description of Webservices technology,a Web-services-based integration approach is presented for facilitating seamless sharing ofproduct data between PDM and DNC systems in a networkedmanufacturing environment.In order to verify the validity ofhe proposed approach,an example-based integrationdevelopment has been implemented with Java2SoftwareDevelopment Kit and Java Web Services Developer Pack inWindows2000Professional environment. Key words:Product data management,Distributed numerical control,Web services,Information integration.CLC number:TP 391 Document code:A Article ID:1672-5220(2007)01-0030-05IntroductionIn the21st century,with fast development of theInternet and Web technologies,many manufacturingenterprises(MEs)have adopted a networked manufacturingmode as their business models,because these MEs haverecognized how networked manufacturing enhances theircompetitiveness in terms of cutting cost,improving qualityand enriching effectiveness.Many fresh cooperative modes,for example,virtual enterprises,alliancemanufacturing,collaborative manufacturing[1],etc.havebeen presented to implement product design and development in a networked manufacturing environment.Collaborations are becoming common practice among MEs.Product data(e.g.,CAD files,Bill of Material(BOM),process plan,numerical control(NC)code,etc.)integration is the infrastructure for implementing thesecollaborations among MEs.The main purpose of a product data management(PDM)system is to manage the design process andmaintain product data during their life cycles[2].Adistributed numerical control(DNC)system connectsprogramming devices related to a machine process(such asnumerically controlled machine tools)to the superiorcontrol computer in order to implement control andmanagement[3].Various kinds of data(e.g.,process planand NC code)which are used in a PDM system located atlead MEs are also required by a DNC system located atcollaborative MEs(contract MEs)during the schedulingand processing stage.Therefore,the change of data in onesystem may have an influence on the related data in othersystems.This paper develops a web-services-basedframework to support the integration of the information flow between a PDM system and a DNC system in anetworked manufacturing environment. 1 Web-services TechnologyAs a new type of software service,Web services aremodular,self-describing,and self-contained applicationsthat can be published,located,and dynamically invokedacross the Web[4].With distributed computing model usingcurrent eXtensible Markup Language(XML)technology ina web environment,Web services facilitate web-basedsystem integration.Accordingly,Web services,emergingas the next generation of integration technology,are notedfor new technology which substitutes for earlier distributedcomputing models,such as CORBA,Java RMI,DCOM[5].The Web-services technology is built on the foundation of open standards and common infrastructure.Web services canbe interoperable with agreement on several standards.UDDI(Universal Description,Discovery,and Integration)is astandard for Web services to register and make Web servicesavailable to users(UDDI.ORG Version3.0specification).Web Services Description Language(WSDL)is a standard forweb services to describe their interface and functionality.AWSDLdocument details the published function calls andprovides users with a point of contact.Simple Object AccessProtocol(SOAP)defines a base communication protocol for30 Journal of Donghua University(Eng.Ed.)Vol.24,No.1(2007) ＊ ＊ Received date:2005-09-16 Foundation item:Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation,China(Grant No.60574054),Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(2006)and the Shanghai Science and Technology Climb Action Foundation(Grant No. 06DZ11202) Correspondence should be addressed to ZHOU Bing-hai,associate professor,E-Mail:BHZhou@sjtu.edu.cnusers to exchange XML messages.ll Web service implementations consist of three corecomponents[6]:a service requester,a service provider,andan optional service registry.The service requesterapplication locates service providers either by querying aservice registry or by accessing a known service endpoint.Service requests are encoded in an XML vocabularycomprehended by both the service requester and the serviceprovider,encapsulated in an SOAP envelope,and sent tothe service provider through Internet protocols.Themessage is decoded,acted on,and the response is encodedand returned in a parallel process.Fig.1illustrates these relationships.The SOAP(XML messages)transport isbuilt on classical computer network layers with the usualcommunication via Transfer Control Protocol(TCP)/Internet Protocol(IP),Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)/Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP). Fig.1 Web service protocol stack 2 Proposed Integration Approach PDM and DNC system integration is typicallyachieved through data exchange in a networkedmanufacturing environment.A PDM and DNC systemintegration architecture using the Web Services paradigmimplies to use the following standards for systemintegration:(1)Product data would be communicatedbetween PDM and DNC systems in a standard XMLformat.(2)SOAP would be used to send and receiveXML documents.(3)Integration interface specificationswould be defined with WSDL.(4)A registry of PDMand DNC system interfaces would be published with theUDDI.In order to address PDM and DNC systemintegration is sues,a Web-services-based PDM and DNCsystem integration framework is shown in Fig.2.Theframework provides the integration model and theimplementation methodology.It also provides some guide-lines on how to reengineer legacy enterprise managementsystem applications for Web-services-based integration.As shown in Fig.2,when the DNC system acts as aservice requester,the PDM system serves as a service provider and vice versa.The PDM system and DNC systemprovide external interfaces for integration.The PDM andDNC system integration implements with components ofthe PDM-Web service and DNC-Web service.The PDM-Web service/the DNC-Web service(a provider)is theparty that provides software applications for the DNCsystem/the PDM system needs as services.The PDM-Webservice/the DNC-Web service publishes and updates theirservices so that they are available on the Internet.TheDNC-Web service/the PDM-Web service(a requester)isthe party that can be fulfilled by a service available on the Internet. Fig.2 Web-services-based framework of PDM and DNC Integration Manufacturing enterprise UDDI plays an importantrole in the interoperation of the PDM and DNC systems.Itcan be used to perform two different sets of activities:(1)Publish,update and discover service registrations.Theparticipants of this kind of activities are the service provider(PDM-Web service/DNC-Web service)and theservice broker(manufacturing enterprise UDDI).Theservice provider can perform these actions through theexchange of UDDI SOAP messages with the servicebroker.This can be achieved via a tool that uses the UDDIAPIs.(2)Search the UDDI registry for serviceregistrations.This activity can take place both atdevelopment time and at run time.At development time, the UDDI registry can be searched by the PDM system/theDNC system for suitable services and can be used to locatethe appropriate WSDL file.The WSDL document is storedon the service provider.Product data exchange between PDM and DNC 31Journal of Donghua University(Eng.Ed.)Vol.24,No.1(2007) systems in XML,a universal format for structureddocuments.To support XML document processing,a varietyof specification and standards have emerged,such as eXtensible Stylesheet Language(XSL),Document ObjectModel(DOM),Simple API for XML(SAX),ResourceDescription Framework(RDF),etc.Here,the PDMsystem/ the DNC system stores the received XML data in a DOMobject,which is later transformed into its proprietary dataformat by applying a predefined XSL style sheet.3 Case-Based ImplementationIn order to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposedapproach and illustrate how PDM and DNC systems work together to reach the goal of product data sharing,apractical example of PDM and DNC system integration isused in this paper.There is a DNC system in lean production shop floor of the Wuxi Compressor Plant.Inthe DNC system,the technology specifications(e.g.,part information,tools,fixtures,processing routings,numerical codes,etc.)of processing parts come from asub-plant level SIPM PDM system.The debuggednumerical codes in the DNC system must return to SIPMPDM system.The SIPM PDM provides fourteen externalinterfaces for integration with other systems.Six mainexternal interfaces are shown in Table1. Table 1 Definition meaning of SIMP PDM system external interfaces Interface Name Functions Parameters Return Valueogin LoginString strUserName,String strUserPW,String strIP,String strSystemNameInt,true return0Logout Logout String strClientID IntGetUserInfor Get User IDString strUserName,LString strClientIP,String strSystemTypeStringSearch Search informationString strClientID,String strConditionXML,String strObjTableNameString(XML structure)GetRelationObject Get tech.specificationString strClientID,String strObjInfoXMLString strRelationObjTableString(XML structure) GetFtpInfo Get FTP information String strClientID String(XML structure) In our integration development scenario,an SIPMPDM-Web service component and a DNC-Web servicecomponent have been developed with using JavaTM2 Software Development Kit(J2SDK1.4.2)[7]and JavaTMWeb Services Developer Pack(JWSDP1.3)[8]in Windows2000Professional environment.J2SDK1.4.2is adevelopment environment for building applications,applets,and components using the Java programminglanguage.JWSDP1.3brings together a set of Java APIsfor XML-based Java applications by supporting key XMLstandards such as SOAP,WSDL and UDDI.These APIsand their reference implements are bundled together with aset of runtime tools to form a JWSDP1.3.As we described before,the communication between the two componentsare through SOAP,which is done by Java API for XMLMessaging(JAXM).Such JAXM messages follow SOAP standards,which prescribe the format for messages andspecify the things that are required,optional,or notallowed. Once the SIPM PDM-Web service component and theDNC-Web service component have been set up,Websevices of the SIPM PDM-Web service component should be published on the UDDI registry.The WSDLspecification is used to describe and publish SIPM PDM-Web service component in a standard way.Fig.3illustrates A part of the WSDL document for the search interface. The UDDI is used to regist and publish the SIPM PDM Web services to the UDDI registry.A web services-based interface defining process is shown in Fig.4. SIPM PDM system client(the DNC system)login.Whenan user logs in the SIPM PDM system successfully,all kindsof parts technology specifications can be obtained from theSIPM PDM system.Fig.6illustrates an user interfacescreen of search part process details from the SIPM PDMsystem through SOAP messages.In this UI screen,an usercan get details of the part process,such as the processversion,the needed machine tools,the tools,fixtures,etc. In the top of window,after you input a part name or/and apart number,you can obtain the part process version.When you select a process version,you can get the partprocess details which are shown in the middle of window.Selecting one step working procedure from the partprocess,you can download the corresponding NC files andget the corresponding tools information,fixture informationetc.which are shown in the bottom of window.There arefour other user interface screen types for discribing how tosearch part information and display search results of partimformation.Due to the texts limited,the other user in-terface screens are not described. Fig.5 Login Interface of the PDM system client Fig.6 User interface screen of product data obtaining from the SIMP PDM system 33Journal of Donghua University(Eng.Ed.)Vol.24,No.1(2007) 4 Conclusion Applying Web services technique,an approach ofintegrating enterprise level management systems(for example,PDM,ERP,SCM,etc.)and shop floor level control&management systems(e.g.,MES,DNC,etc.)has beenpresented in this paper.In order to verify the effectiveness andsimpleness of proposed approach,a case of PDM and DNCsystem integration is developed.Practical application indicates:Web services technoloy increases the interoperability andreduces complexity by encapsulation for enterprise applicationsystem integration in comparison with other distributed objecttechnology,such as CORBA,DCOM.The use of Java andXML allows for the portability of code and product data ondifferent operating platforms.Our study can provide areference for manufacturing enterprises that prepare toimplement enterprise information integration in networkedmanufacturing environment. 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