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1、單單 詞詞 名名詞詞 與天文及物理相關(guān)：與天文及物理相關(guān)：astronomy, globe, atmosphere, gravity, satellite, physicist, spaceship, pull 與生物及化學(xué)相關(guān)：與生物及化學(xué)相關(guān)：atom, carbon, dioxide, acid, oxygen, biology, biologist 其它：其它：system, religion, theory, billion, chain, puzzle, climate 單單 詞詞 動動詞詞 multiply, exist, crash, float 形形容容 詞詞 violent

2、, fundamental, harmful, gentle 副副詞詞 thus 介介詞詞 unlike 短短 語語 詞詞 匯匯 表表 in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in ones turn, prevent . from, block out, cheer up, now that, break out, watch out for 課課 文文 in all directions, a cloud of, all sorts of, as well as, for the first time, be different from, have a cha

3、nce to do sth., make a trip, on ones journey, push sb. back into, get the hang of 句句 式式 1. . as+形容詞形容詞+a(n) +名詞名詞+ as . 例句：例句：When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 2. now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 例句：“例句：“Oh, dear,” I crie

4、d, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” 語語 法法 主語從句主語從句 1. _ n. 系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng); 體系體系; 制度制度 2. _ n. 學(xué)說學(xué)說; 理論理論 3. _ n. 大氣層大氣層; 氣氛氣氛 4. _ prep. 不同不同; 不像不像 5. _ n. 鏈子鏈子; 連鎖連鎖; 鎖鏈鎖鏈 system theory atmosphere unlike chain (一一) 基本單詞基本單詞 6. _ n. 氣候氣候 7. _ vi. & vt. 碰撞碰撞; 墜落墜落 8. _ n. & v

5、t. 拉拉(力力); 拖拖; 牽引牽引力力 9. _ vi. & vt. (使使)浮動浮動; (使使)漂漂浮浮 n. 漂浮物漂浮物 climate crash pull float 10. _ adj. 猛烈的猛烈的; 激烈的激烈的; 強(qiáng)暴的強(qiáng)暴的 _ n. 暴力暴力 11. _ adj. 有害的有害的 _ n. 傷害傷害; 害處害處 12. _ vi. 存在存在; 生存生存 _ n. 存在存在; 生存生存 violent violence (二二) 派生單詞派生單詞 harmful harm exist existence 13. _ n. 謎謎; 難題難題 vt. & vi. (使使)迷惑

6、迷惑; (使使)為難為難 _ adj. 令人迷惑的令人迷惑的 _ adj. 迷惑的迷惑的 puzzle puzzling puzzled 1. 及時及時; 終于終于 2. 下蛋下蛋 3. 產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生; 分娩分娩 4. 輪到某人輪到某人; 接著接著 5. 阻止阻止; 制止制止 in time lay eggs give birth to in ones turn prevent from 6. 感到高興感到高興; 感到振奮感到振奮 7. 既然既然 8. 突發(fā)突發(fā); 爆發(fā)爆發(fā) 9. 密切注視密切注視; 當(dāng)心當(dāng)心; 提防提防 10. 擋住擋住(光線光線) cheer up now that break

7、 out watch out for block out 1. No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. 沒有人確切知道地球是怎樣開始形成的沒有人確切知道地球是怎樣開始形成的, 因?yàn)樵诤茉缫郧八托纬闪?。因?yàn)樵诤茉缫郧八托纬闪恕?as引導(dǎo)的從句表示原因。引導(dǎo)的從句表示原因。 2. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a

8、solid globe. 隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道, 直到直到38-45億年前億年前, 這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。一個固體的球狀物。 what引導(dǎo)主語從句。引導(dǎo)主語從句。 3. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng), 使得生命就有使得生命就有可能開始發(fā)展了。可能開始發(fā)展了。 make it adj./n. for sb./sth. to do sth. 4. ., I foun

9、d I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. , 我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn), 步子的跨度步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍竟是在地球上的兩倍, 因而我摔倒了。因而我摔倒了。 times as.as. 是是的幾倍的幾倍 1. violent adj. 猛烈的猛烈的; 激烈的激烈的; 強(qiáng)暴的強(qiáng)暴的 (課文原句課文原句) The earth became so violent that is was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 翻譯翻譯：地球：地球(開

10、始開始)變得激烈動蕩，不知道變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。 【歸納歸納】 violent crime 暴力犯罪暴力犯罪 【拓展拓展】 violently adv. 猛烈地猛烈地; 激烈地激烈地 violence n. 暴力暴力; 暴行暴行 2. harmful adj. 有害的有害的 harm n. 傷害傷害, 損害損害 (課文原句課文原句) What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve h

11、armful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 翻譯翻譯：很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長：很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性特質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。酸性特質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。 【歸納歸納】 be harmful to 對對有害有害 do harm to 損害損害 There is no harm in doing sth./ It does no harm to do sth. 做某事沒有什么壞處。做某事沒有什么壞處。 3. exist vi. 存在存在; 生存生存 (課文原句課文原句) T

12、hey laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 翻譯翻譯：它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一：它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。億四千多萬年。 【歸納歸納】 exist on 靠靠為生為生 exist by 以以方式為生方式為生 exist in 存在于存在于之中之中 There exists/existed. 某地有某地有; 存在存在 【拓展拓展】 existing adj. 現(xiàn)有的，現(xiàn)存的現(xiàn)有的，現(xiàn)存的 existence n. 存在存在; 生存生存 come into existen

13、ce 產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生; 成立成立; 開始存開始存在在 in existence 存在存在 4. puzzle vt. 使迷惑使迷惑; 使為難使為難; 使窘困使窘困; 感到感到 迷惑迷惑 n. (游戲的游戲的)猜謎猜謎; 難題難題; 謎謎 (課文原句課文原句) How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. (P27) 翻譯翻譯：地球上的生命是如何開始的，科：地球上的生命是如何開始的，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解釋這個最大的難題。學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)很難解釋這個最大的難題。 【歸納歸納】 pu

14、zzle over/about sth. 苦苦思索苦苦思索; 仔細(xì)琢磨仔細(xì)琢磨 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出琢磨出的答案的答案 【拓展拓展】 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的迷惑不解的(常用來修飾人常用來修飾人) puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的令人迷惑不解的(常用來修常用來修飾飾 事物事物) 5. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；墜落碰撞；墜落 (課文原句課文原句) that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance (P29) 翻譯翻譯：一顆彗星很久以前撞上了地球，

15、：一顆彗星很久以前撞上了地球，導(dǎo)致了它的消失導(dǎo)致了它的消失 【歸納歸納】 crash作名詞時，意為：墜毀，猛撞；作名詞時，意為：墜毀，猛撞；碰撞聲，破裂聲；暴跌，倒閉，失敗；碰撞聲，破裂聲；暴跌，倒閉，失?。唬ㄓ?jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的）崩潰。如：（計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的）崩潰。如： More than one hundred people were killed in the plane crash. The vase landed on the floor with a crash. When the market crashed, they assumed the deal would be cancelled

16、. A computer crash is very costly. crash作動詞時，意為：碰撞，撞擊（常作動詞時，意為：碰撞，撞擊（常與介詞與介詞into連用）；（使）猛撞；暴跌，連用）；（使）猛撞；暴跌，倒閉，失??；崩潰。如：倒閉，失??；崩潰。如： Kevin was drunk when he crashed the car. A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus. We watched the waves crashing against the rocks. The company crash

17、ed with debts of $20 million. The system crashed and I lost three hours worth of work. 6. pull n.& vt. 拉拉(力力); 拖拖; 牽引力牽引力 (課文原句課文原句) As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity. 翻譯翻譯：隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在努力：隨著火箭的升空，由于我們在

18、努力掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。掙脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。 【歸納歸納】 pull apart 拆卸拆卸; 拆散拆散 pull away (車輛等車輛等) 開走開走 pull down 拆毀拆毀; 摧毀摧毀 (建筑物建筑物) pull in (車輛車輛) 進(jìn)站進(jìn)站; 停靠?？?pull out 駛出駛出; 退出退出 pull through 康復(fù)康復(fù), 痊愈痊愈 pull up 停車停車 1. in time 及時及時; 終于終于; 總有一天總有一天 (課文原句課文原句) They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitro

19、gen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 翻譯翻譯：它：它(地球地球)猛烈的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，猛烈的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。 【拓展拓展】 in no time 立刻立刻; 馬上馬上 ahead of time 提前提前 at a time 每次每次; 逐一逐一 at times 有時有時; 間或間或 all the time 一直一直,

20、始終始終 from time to time 有時有時; 偶爾偶爾 many a time 多次多次; 常常常常 time after time 一次又一次一次又一次; 總是總是 Thank God youre safe! I stepped back, just _ to avoid the racing car. A. in time B. in case C. in need D. in vain 2. in ones turn 輪到某人輪到某人; 接著接著 (課文原句課文原句) Thus they have, in their turn, become the most importa

21、nt animals on the planet. 翻譯翻譯：于是，他們接著成為了這個行星：于是，他們接著成為了這個行星上最重要的動物。上最重要的動物。 【拓展拓展】 in turn 輪流輪流; 依次依次; 逐個逐個 take ones turn 依次依次; 輪流輪流 take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事輪流做某事 Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事輪到某人做某事 3. cheer up 感到高興感到高興; 感到振奮感到振奮 (課文原句課文原句) I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly

22、around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. 翻譯翻譯：我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我：我立刻感到很高興，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的身后的)地球越來越小，而地球越來越小，而(前方的前方的)月球越來越月球越來越大。大。 【拓展拓展】 cheer sb. on (賽跑賽跑/比賽等中比賽等中)以喝彩以喝彩聲聲 鼓勵鼓勵, 為為(某人某人)加油加油 cheer for. 為為歡呼歡呼 Cheers! (用于祝酒用于祝酒)干杯干杯! 4.

23、block out 擋住（光線）擋?。ü饩€） (課文原句課文原句) As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight. 翻譯翻譯：這個事件的結(jié)果就是，天空形成：這個事件的結(jié)果就是，天空形成了一團(tuán)團(tuán)的灰塵，遮蔽了陽光。了一團(tuán)團(tuán)的灰塵，遮蔽了陽光。 【歸納歸納】block out意為：擋住，遮住意為：擋住，遮?。ü饩€或聲音）；忘掉，抹去（不愉快（光線或聲音）；忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）；草擬（大綱等）。如：的事）；草擬（大綱等）。如： That tree in the n

24、eighbors yard blocks out a lot of our light. She accuses me of having blocked out the past. Just block out the main points for now and well sort the details out later. 5. break out (戰(zhàn)爭戰(zhàn)爭/火災(zāi)火災(zāi)/疾病等疾病等)突發(fā)突發(fā); 爆爆發(fā)發(fā) (課文原句課文原句) We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the ear

25、ths gravity increased. 翻譯翻譯：隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船：隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。的外層燃燒起火。 【拓展拓展】 break away from 突然掙脫突然掙脫; 逃脫逃脫 break down 出故障出故障; 垮掉垮掉 break in 強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入; 打斷打斷 break into sth. 突然開始突然開始 break off 斷開斷開; 中斷中斷 break through 取得突破取得突破 break up 結(jié)束，解散，分手結(jié)束，解散，分手 1. This produced a chain reaction, which made

26、 it possible for life to develop. it是形式賓語是形式賓語, 真正的賓語是不定式短語真正的賓語是不定式短語to develop。it作形式賓語時常用在作形式賓語時常用在find/ make/ think/ considerit adj./n.to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。 1. 這么壞的天氣這么壞的天氣, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)爬到山頂是不可我們發(fā)現(xiàn)爬到山頂是不可能的。能的。 We find it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather. 2. 他認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語口語對他來說是重要的。他認(rèn)為學(xué)好英

27、語口語對他來說是重要的。 He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well. 【仿寫仿寫】 it作形式賓語作形式賓語, 除指代不定式結(jié)構(gòu)外除指代不定式結(jié)構(gòu)外, 還可還可指代指代that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job. 他們向公眾表明他們向公眾表明: 他們所做的工作重要且他們所做的工作重要且必不可少。必不可少。 2. “Oh dear,” I cried,

28、 “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句, “既然既然, 由由于”于”, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于since, 而且而且that可省略。可省略。 下列介詞短語也可以用來表示原因下列介詞短語也可以用來表示原因: due to 由于由于, 歸功于歸功于 because of 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?on account of 由于由于, 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?owning to 由于由于, 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?thanks to 由于由于, 多虧多虧(多作表語或狀多作表語或狀語語) as a resu

29、lt of 由于由于 _ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. (2015安徽卷安徽卷) A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that 考點(diǎn)：考查狀語從句考點(diǎn)：考查狀語從句 句意：曾經(jīng)讓他感到想放棄的地方，現(xiàn)在他決句意：曾經(jīng)讓他感到想放棄的地方，現(xiàn)在他決心繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。心繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。where表示地點(diǎn)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語表示地點(diǎn)，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；從句；as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句常用倒裝，即引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句常用倒裝，即tired as

30、he has; in case表目的；表目的；now that表原因。表原因。這里指讓他感到想放棄的地方。故選這里指讓他感到想放棄的地方。故選A。 A 復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)句子主語的從句叫主語從句。復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)句子主語的從句叫主語從句。 【要點(diǎn)精講要點(diǎn)精講】 引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有連詞引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有連詞that, whether；連接；連接代詞代詞who, what, which；連接副詞；連接副詞when, where, how, why等。如：等。如： Whether you can do it by yourself mainly depends on your ability, not you

31、r age. What I need most now is more time and more patience. When you can finish the work is of great importance. 主語從句主語從句 that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，在句中無實(shí)際意義，引導(dǎo)主語從句時，在句中無實(shí)際意義，只起連接作用，不作句子成分。當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)只起連接作用，不作句子成分。當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句首時，的主語從句置于句首時，that不能省略；如不能省略；如果用果用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，從屬連詞時，從屬連詞that可以省略。如：可以省略。

32、如： That the teacher will come is certain. It is a pity (that) you made such a careless mistake. 常見由常見由it作形式主語的句型如下：作形式主語的句型如下： It+ be+ n.+從句。常見名詞有：從句。常見名詞有：fact, rule, pleasure, truth, pity等。如：等。如： It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. Its a rule that new members

33、must sing a song. It+ be+ adj.+從句。常見形容詞有：從句。常見形容詞有：true, important, necessary, clear, certain等。如：等。如： Its true that the earth is round. It was important that you rest. It+v.+從句。常用動詞：從句。常用動詞：seem, appear, happen, follow等。如：等。如： It seems that Ive made a mistake. It appeared to scientists on earth that

34、 the stars had moved. It+be+v-ed+主語從句。常用過去分詞：主語從句。常用過去分詞：known, said, proven, asked, suggested等。如：等。如： Its well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. Its said that he was a spy during the war. 如果主語從句置于句首，則不能用如果主語從句置于句首，則不能用if引導(dǎo)，而引導(dǎo)，而用用whether；但如果用；但如果用it作形式主語，而把主作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用

35、語從句放在句末時，也可以用if引導(dǎo)。如：引導(dǎo)。如： Whether Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful. It was doubtful whether / if Tom really saw Sharon. 1. _ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (2015 北京北京卷卷) A. Where B. How C. Why D. When 句意：我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐虑榕c我們所感受的句意：我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐虑榕c我們所感受的有很大關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，主語從句缺有很大關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，主語從句缺

36、少方式狀語，因此選擇少方式狀語，因此選擇how。故選。故選B。 B 2. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. (2014大綱卷大綱卷) A. whether B. why C. when D. how 句義：土豆確切是在何時被引進(jìn)到歐洲還不確定句義：土豆確切是在何時被引進(jìn)到歐洲還不確定，但是大約是在，但是大約是在1565年左右。年左右。Whether表示表示“是是否否”，why表示表示“原因原因”；how表示表示“方式方式”。根據(jù)。根據(jù)后半句

37、后半句it was probably around 1565.可知本句可知本句談?wù)摰氖菚r間。故談?wù)摰氖菚r間。故C正確。正確。 C 3. (2016 北京北京卷卷) 24. Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps. A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever 試題分析：題目考查主語從句。試題分析：題目考查主語從句。helps是是 謂語，“謂語，“_ you can do” 是主語部是主語部 分，分，do后缺少賓語，表示“任何事情”，后缺少賓語，表示“任何事情”，因因 此用此

38、用whatever引導(dǎo)，故選引導(dǎo)，故選C。 C 4. (2016 江蘇卷江蘇卷) 21. It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A. why B. what C. as D. that 試題分析：本句中試題分析：本句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是形式主語，真正的主語 是連接詞是連接詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句，連接詞that在在 本句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只是一個引導(dǎo)詞而本句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只是一個引導(dǎo)詞而 已，不能省略。鏈接副詞已，不能省略。鏈接副詞why要在居中做

39、狀要在居中做狀 語，連接代詞語，連接代詞what通常在居中做主語，賓語或通常在居中做主語，賓語或 表語等；表語等；as通常不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。句意：對通常不引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。句意：對 于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實(shí)。于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實(shí)。 D 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空。 It is known 1. _ homework is an important part of school life in most countries around the world. However, 2. _ homework has a great educational value

40、 is still a debate among teachers. Some think 3. _ homework takes too much time away from other more useful activities. Others see homework as reinforcing (加強(qiáng)加強(qiáng)) school lessons so that 4. _ students have learned will not be forgotten. that that whether what 5. _ is often ignored in this debate is th

41、e role of parental involvement (參與參與) and 6. _ or not the childs home provides support for effective (有效的有效的) homework. It was not clear to some people 7. _ parental involvement can influence the effectiveness of homework. It is true 8. _ parents in low-income families dont have the time to make hom

42、ework more important than other things or arent able to afford a computer or additional books. how What whether that However, 9. _ only middle-class parents support their childrens education is quite obviously wrong. Not all rich parents give the support they should, and some parents living in the p

43、oorest conditions find time and energy to involve themselves in their childrens homework. that 【寫作任務(wù)寫作任務(wù)】 根據(jù)目前對某市高中生心理狀況調(diào)查顯示，大部根據(jù)目前對某市高中生心理狀況調(diào)查顯示，大部分學(xué)生普遍存在的最嚴(yán)重的心理問題是自信心不分學(xué)生普遍存在的最嚴(yán)重的心理問題是自信心不足。主要原因有：足。主要原因有： 1. 學(xué)生交際范圍狹窄；學(xué)生交際范圍狹窄； 2. 家長的期望過高；家長的期望過高； 3. 學(xué)校存在不恰當(dāng)?shù)谋容^和評價學(xué)校存在不恰當(dāng)?shù)谋容^和評價(evaluation) 方式。方式。 說明

44、文寫作說明文寫作 如何解決問題如何解決問題 假如你是該市某英語學(xué)習(xí)報的兼職編輯，請根據(jù)假如你是該市某英語學(xué)習(xí)報的兼職編輯，請根據(jù)以上提示信息，寫一篇英文短文，點(diǎn)明問題，并以上提示信息，寫一篇英文短文，點(diǎn)明問題，并給出合理的解決方法。給出合理的解決方法。 注意：注意：1. 詞數(shù)詞數(shù)120左右。左右。 2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫?？蛇m當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 _ _ _ _ 【寫作指導(dǎo)寫作指導(dǎo)】 解決問題類說明文，是針對某一問題，向讀者解決問題類說明文，是針對某一問題，向讀者提出具體的解決辦法。提出具體的解決辦法。 該類文章主要包含以下內(nèi)容：該類文章主要包含以下內(nèi)容：問題；產(chǎn)生問題；產(chǎn)生

45、的原因；如何解決；對解決辦法的評價。的原因；如何解決；對解決辦法的評價。 就本篇寫作而言，可分為三個段落：就本篇寫作而言，可分為三個段落： 第一段：點(diǎn)明問題，明確需要解決的問題是學(xué)第一段：點(diǎn)明問題，明確需要解決的問題是學(xué)生的心理問題。生的心理問題。 第二段：分析學(xué)生的心理問題存在的原因并提第二段：分析學(xué)生的心理問題存在的原因并提出解決問題的辦法。出解決問題的辦法。 第三段：對所提出的解決方法進(jìn)行適當(dāng)論述。第三段：對所提出的解決方法進(jìn)行適當(dāng)論述。 【常用表達(dá)常用表達(dá)】 1. Problems: . is really a problem. One of the difficulties is.

46、/ The question is . It is difficult / hard to do. . is a problem that we have to face. It is of great importance for us to. It has become the biggest concern of. Unless we take effective measures, it is likely that. According to a recent survey, there are more and more . 2. Reasons: There is no doub

47、t that the reason why . is that . The reasons for . can be listed as follows. The following three factors contribute to . First of all, . Secondly, . Thirdly, . 3. Solutions: It is high time that something were done to. We have figured out many ways to. Only in this way can we. To solve the mentione

48、d problems, we must. Firstly,. Secondly, . Finally,. There might be two solutions. The first one is to. We can solve the problem by. In other words, the best way to solve the problem is. 4. Conclusions: In a word / To sum up . By doing . you will . With the help of . we can manage to overcome / pull

49、 through these difficulties. We must find out new ways to cope with any problems that would arise. 【參考范文參考范文】 According to a recent survey, most high school students in our city appear to lack self-confidence, which has been the most serious psychological problem. The reasons can be listed as follow

50、s. The narrow range of interpersonal communication is one of the main reasons. The high expectation from parents is often said to be another cause. Also, there still exist some improper comparison and evaluation methods in many schools. Its high time that something were done to solve the problem. Fi

51、rst, students should communicate more with others. Second, parents should pay more attention to their childrens thoughts. Finally, schools should change their comparison and evaluation methods. In my opinion, all these changes will certainly help students build up their self-confidence as long as th

52、ey are done properly. I. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 1. Charles was very gentle _ his two kids. 2. Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came _ existence. 3. It was a thrilling experience for her to be _ her first journey to the USA all alone. 4. Its reported that fruit juices can be har

53、mful _ childrens teeth. with into on to 5. Some understanding of grammar is fundamental _ learning a language. to as well as, in time, in ones turn, break out, watch out for, block out, now that, give birth to II. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語并用其正確形式填選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語并用其正確形式填 空（每個短語限用一次）。空（每個短語限用一次）。 1. Im going to relax _ t

54、he school year is over. 2. Youd better _ those stairs. They are slippery. 3. We put on music to _ the sound of the traffic, but in vain. now that watch out for block out as well as, in time, in ones turn, break out, watch out for, block out, now that, give birth to 4. Our cat _ four kittens last sum

55、mer. They were really lovely. 5. Eva had not been friendly to Pete and he, _, was cold to her when she came to stay. 6. I was still sleeping when the fire _, and then it spread quickly. give birth to in his turn broke out as well as, in time, in ones turn, break out, watch out for, block out, now th

56、at, give birth to 7. The Smiths arrived just _ to catch the last train out of town. 8. He is an excellent teacher _ being a fine musician. in time as well as III. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的連接詞填空（每個選用方框內(nèi)合適的連接詞填空（每個 連接詞限用一次）。連接詞限用一次）。 what, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when 1. Its surprising _ quickly the weath

57、er can change here. 2. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about. 3. Has it been announced _ the plane is to take off ? Yes. Half past ten. how what when what, that, who, how, where, whether, why, when 4. _ the temple once stood is now a large parking garage. 5. It never occurred t

58、o me _ you could succeed in persuading Jim to change his mind. 6. _ we qualify or not depends on how we play the next game. 7. It is still open to question _ is to head the group. 8. _ these Chinese statues are in a French museum is an important part of our story today. Where that Whether who Why IV

59、. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示補(bǔ)全下面句子根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示補(bǔ)全下面句子。 1. _ (與多數(shù)系統(tǒng)不同與多數(shù)系統(tǒng)不同), this one is very easy to use. 2. As shots rang out, the crowd _ (跑向四面八方跑向四面八方). 3. Heres some information that may help you sign in _ (首次首次). 4. _ (我們的問我們的問題成倍增加題成倍增加) since last year. Unlike most systems ran in all directions for the first

60、time Our problems have multiplied 5. Jenny was ill so I sent her some flowers to _ (使她高興起來使她高興起來). 6. Hans finally _ (掌握掌握的要領(lǐng)的要領(lǐng)) his job after three months of training last year. 7. The population of our village was _ (他們村人口的他們村人口的兩倍兩倍). 8. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks _ (

61、在友在友好的氣氛中好的氣氛中). cheer her up got the hang of twice as large as that of theirs in a friendly atmosphere V. 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Galaxies (星系星系) are made up of three main things: stars, clouds of gas and dark matter. Dark matter can not be seen and sc

62、ientists only know that it exists because of the effects its gravity has on matter 1. _ can be seen. that / which On earth, 2. _ (physics) such as those at the European Nuclear Research Centre 3. _ (base) in Geneva, Switzerland, use particle (粒子粒子) accelerators to find out 4. _ different tiny partic

63、les are made up of by speeding them up until they crash into each other and looking at the pieces after theyve broken 5. _. physicists based what up Similarly, by using data from NASAs Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory, scientists are hoping to find out more 6. _ what dark matter

64、is by looking at what happens when dark matter bumps into things in groups of galaxies. Each bump, however, 7. _ (take) hundreds of millions of years to take place, so they only have 8. _ chance to look at one brief stage in the whole event. about takes a Nevertheless, scientists are 9. _ (extreme) hopeful that by observing many of these bumps they can get enough pieces of the puzzle 10. _ (create) a more complete picture of what happens. extremely to create