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1、專業(yè)好文檔 試卷代號(hào)：1 142 中央廣播電視大學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期“開(kāi)放本科”期末考試 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)試題 一、選擇題（每小題3分，共45分） 1．下列，( )不屬于科學(xué)研究性試驗(yàn)。 A．驗(yàn)證結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算理論的假定 B．為制訂設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范提供依據(jù) C．為發(fā)展和推廣新結(jié)構(gòu)、新材料與新工藝提供實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn) D．服役結(jié)構(gòu)的可靠性鑒定 2．( )和控制系統(tǒng)可以完成結(jié)構(gòu)靜荷試驗(yàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)荷試驗(yàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)低周疲勞和模擬地震試 驗(yàn)等等。 A．液壓千斤頂 B．單向作用液壓加載器 C．雙向作用液壓加載器 D

2、．電液伺服作動(dòng)器 3．貼電阻片處的應(yīng)變?yōu)?000ye，電阻片的靈敏系數(shù)K-2．O，在這個(gè)電阻片上應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的電 阻變化率應(yīng)是下列哪一個(gè)？( ) A．0.2% B．0.4% C．0.1% D．0.3% 4．下列，( )可測(cè)出鋼筋位置。 A．超聲法 B．鉆芯法 C．磁檢測(cè)法 D．扁頂法 5．用量綱分析法進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)模型設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，( )不屬于基本量綱。 A．質(zhì)量M B．應(yīng)力d C．長(zhǎng)度L D．時(shí)間T 6．下列鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的承載力極限標(biāo)志中，( )條不正

3、確。 A.跨中最大撓度達(dá)到跨度的1/60 B．受拉主筋重心處裂縫寬度達(dá)到1. 5mm C．剪力區(qū)，受壓混凝土剪壓破壞或斜壓破壞 D．主筋端部相對(duì)混凝土滑移達(dá)0. 2mm 7．疲勞試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中要進(jìn)行四種形式的試驗(yàn)。( )首先調(diào)整最大、最小荷載，待穩(wěn)定后 開(kāi)始記數(shù)，直到需做靜載試驗(yàn)的次數(shù)。在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，需要做動(dòng)態(tài)撓度與動(dòng)應(yīng)變測(cè)量。 A．預(yù)加載 B．靜載試驗(yàn) C．疲勞試驗(yàn) D．破壞試驗(yàn) 8．在結(jié)構(gòu)抗震動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)中，( )加載方法既能較好地模擬地震又易于實(shí)現(xiàn)。 A．采用機(jī)械式偏心激振

4、器激振 B．采用地震模擬振動(dòng)臺(tái) C．采用炸藥爆炸模擬人工地震 D．采用電磁激振器激振 9．( )能實(shí)現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)同步加載，在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)中是理想的加載方法之一，它不但可以對(duì) 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)物施加靜荷載，也可施加動(dòng)荷載。 A．液壓加載 B．重物加載 C．機(jī)械式加載 D．氣壓加載 10．通過(guò)( )這種方式可以實(shí)現(xiàn)均布荷載的加載，也可以使用料盤實(shí)現(xiàn)集中荷載的加載。 A．液壓加載 B．重物加載 C．激振器加載 D．機(jī)械式加載 11．在軸向拉壓狀態(tài)下，( )布置應(yīng)變片的形式

5、和測(cè)量橋路的特點(diǎn)是：消除了溫度影 響，也消除了偏心荷載的影響，測(cè)量靈敏度提高了2(l+v)倍，使用的應(yīng)變片較多。 A．外設(shè)補(bǔ)償片的半橋測(cè)試方案 B．測(cè)量應(yīng)變片互相補(bǔ)償?shù)陌霕驕y(cè)試方案 C．外設(shè)補(bǔ)償片的全橋測(cè)試方案 D．測(cè)量應(yīng)變片互相補(bǔ)償?shù)娜珮驕y(cè)試方案 12．下列，( )屬于砌體強(qiáng)度的間接測(cè)定法。 A．回彈法與推出法 B．推出法與扁頂法 C．扁頂法與原位單磚雙剪法 D．原位單磚雙剪法與回彈法 137r定理表述如下：如果一個(gè)物理現(xiàn)象可由n個(gè)物理量構(gòu)成的物理方程式描述，在n個(gè) 物理量中有k個(gè)獨(dú)立的物理

6、量，則該物理現(xiàn)象也可以用這些量組成的( n-k)個(gè)無(wú)量綱群的關(guān) 系來(lái)描述。7c定理是相似的( )。 A．必要條件 B．充分條件 C．判據(jù)存在定理 14．用( )得到的頻率和阻尼均比較準(zhǔn)確，但只能測(cè)出基本頻率。 A．自由振動(dòng)法 B．共振法 C．脈動(dòng)法 15．受彎構(gòu)件的疲勞破壞標(biāo)志為受壓區(qū)混凝土疲勞破壞時(shí)，這是當(dāng)( )可能發(fā)生。 A．配筋率正?；蜉^低時(shí) B．配筋率正常或過(guò)高時(shí) C．配筋率過(guò)高或倒T形截面時(shí) D．配筋率過(guò)低或倒T形截面時(shí) 二、判斷題（每小題3分．共15分。將判斷結(jié)果填

7、入括弧，以√表示 正確，以表示錯(cuò)誤） 1．動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)包括振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)和疲勞試驗(yàn)。( ) 2．被測(cè)物理量的單位變化引起測(cè)試系統(tǒng)輸出值變化量的大小稱為靈敏度，靈敏度的表示 方法是：輸出量與被測(cè)物理量之比。( ) 3．在動(dòng)力反復(fù)荷載作用下，結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度要比靜力低周反復(fù)加載降低10%以上。( ) 4．動(dòng)荷加載的方式有：重物加載、慣性力加載、激振器加載、爆炸加載、液壓加載。( ) 5．板、殼一般只承受壓力，承載力標(biāo)志是混凝土被壓壞。( ) 三、簡(jiǎn)答題（共40分） 1．結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)按試驗(yàn)的目的、對(duì)象、荷載性質(zhì)、試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)所以及

8、試驗(yàn)持續(xù)時(shí)間可將結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)分 為哪幾類？（7分） 答： 2．電阻應(yīng)變測(cè)量方法的主要特點(diǎn)如何？（7分） 答： 3．什么是結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)的加載制度？它包括哪些內(nèi)容？（7分） 答： 4．靜力試驗(yàn)最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么？（7分） 答： 5．試述測(cè)量應(yīng)變有哪幾種儀器（方法）?（6分） 答： 6．動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)包括哪些試驗(yàn)？（6分） 答： 試卷代號(hào)：1 142 中央廣播電視大學(xué)2011-2012學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期“開(kāi)放本科”期末考試 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)試題答案及評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) （供參考） 一、選擇題（每小題3分，共45分） 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C

9、 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．C 二、判斷題（每小題3分，共15分。將判斷結(jié)果填入括弧，以√表示正確，以表示錯(cuò)誤） 1．√ 2．√ 3． 4． 5．√ 三、簡(jiǎn)答題（共40分） 1．結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)按試驗(yàn)的目的、對(duì)象、荷載性質(zhì)、試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)所以及試驗(yàn)持續(xù)時(shí)間可將結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)分 為哪幾類？（7分） 答：結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)按試驗(yàn)的目的、對(duì)象、荷載性質(zhì)、試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)所以及試驗(yàn)持續(xù)時(shí)間可將結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)分 為生產(chǎn)檢驗(yàn)性試驗(yàn)和科學(xué)研究性試驗(yàn)；真

10、型試驗(yàn)與模型試驗(yàn)；靜力試驗(yàn)與動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)；短期荷載 試驗(yàn)與長(zhǎng)期荷載試驗(yàn)。 2．電阻應(yīng)變測(cè)量方法的主要特點(diǎn)如何？（7分） 答：電阻應(yīng)變測(cè)量方法的主要特點(diǎn)：測(cè)量靈敏度高；標(biāo)距??；滯后??；在復(fù)雜的環(huán)境中也可 以完成應(yīng)變測(cè)量。 3．什么是結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)的加載制度？它包括哪些內(nèi)容？（7分） 答：結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)加載制度是指結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行期間控制荷載與加載時(shí)間的關(guān)系。它包括加載 速度的快慢、加載時(shí)間間歇的長(zhǎng)短、分級(jí)荷載的大小和加載、卸載循環(huán)的次數(shù)等。 4．靜力試驗(yàn)最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么？（7分） 答：靜力試驗(yàn)的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是所有加載設(shè)備相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，荷載逐級(jí)施加，可以停下來(lái)仔

11、細(xì)觀測(cè) 結(jié)構(gòu)變形，給人一明晰的破壞概念。 5．試述測(cè)量應(yīng)變有哪幾種儀器（方法）?（6分） 答：①電阻應(yīng)變計(jì)；②手持式應(yīng)變計(jì)；③振弦式應(yīng)變計(jì)。 6．動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)包括哪些試驗(yàn)？（6分） 答：動(dòng)力試驗(yàn)包括振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)和疲勞試驗(yàn)。 Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at f

12、ull-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA. Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day. Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the com

13、petitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight. But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far. The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has

14、the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011. "Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based

15、Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. "I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport. "For me its abo

16、ut how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was." Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediat

17、e investigation into the referees actions. CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. The supersonic descent could happen as earl

18、y as Sunda. The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the

19、troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the

20、 tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they w

21、ill not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester. Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament. That could be classed as a weakness,

22、a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then. They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all

23、 the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates. It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final. In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is un

24、matched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday. The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence. They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.