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1、不定代詞 不定代詞不是指確定的對(duì)象,而且僅具有非確定特指含義,通常用作替代詞.常用的不定代詞有:all,each,every,both,either,neither,one, none,little,few, many,much,other,another,some, any,no,以及由some,any,no,every組合的復(fù)合不定代詞.1. All “所有”,談到三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物時(shí)以及在談到不可數(shù)的事物時(shí).當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)指人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)指物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞. All of us are interested i

2、n English. All is going well. They all went there and bought some books last week. He told me all about it.注意:All of us are not students.是”我們大家并不都是學(xué)生”之意.暗示:我們當(dāng)中有一些是學(xué)生,有一些不是.句型Not all或?yàn)锳llnot不完全否定句. 當(dāng)all用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果后面有人稱代詞,須在他們之間加上of,如果后面跟的是名詞,他們之間可加of,也可不加. All of them are from Beijing. All the students

3、/All of the students have passed the exam.All的位置：當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，all放在動(dòng)詞前面；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí)，放在be后面；當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞加實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，放在他們之間。 They all know the answer. They are all women. They have all finished their homework. You can all come to see me again next Monday.當(dāng)all用作人稱代詞賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí),all放在賓語(yǔ)后面.如:you all,them all us all.

4、 none 意為”沒(méi)有一個(gè)人或東西”,在句中可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ),但它不能作定語(yǔ).1. -Are there any maps on the walll? -None2. I like none of these booksNone of 后面只能接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù),強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù). None of these pictures are/is good. None of them like it. None of us has got a car.注意:回答how many或how much問(wèn)句時(shí)通常用none回答.-How m

5、any students are there in the classroom?-None.-Who is in the classroom ?-No one/Nobodyeach 和every Each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體, every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體.可以用作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ), every只能作定語(yǔ). Every student has got a new pen. Each teacher is wearing a hat today. We each have a new schoolbag now. He gave two to each of them.each 和every 均可作定語(yǔ),后面的名詞

6、只能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù). each of后面必須接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式. Each of the girls is good at English.every other day 每隔一天both,either both,either 和和neitherneither both表示“兩者都”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),可以構(gòu)成bothand的句型 Both of us are doctors. You are both wrong. Both the students are American Both you and he are right.both of 的否

7、定式是Neither of,Both of them come from Japan. Neither of them comes from Japan either表示兩者中的任何一個(gè),在句中可用作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后面只接單數(shù)名詞. 1.-Would you like a cup of tea or a glass of water? -Either will do.2. There are many trees on either side of the river. either 可以構(gòu)成eitheror,表示或者或者,要么要么 Either Tom or Jack will

8、 stay at home tommow.either還可以作副詞,意為”也”,用在否定句中. Neither 表示兩者都不,在句中可作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)時(shí)只能接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 1.Neither of the students is fifteen. 2. -Do you know Jack and Tom? -No,I know neither of them. 3. -What about the two books? -Neither book is interesting.neithernor表示既不也不,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的名詞或代詞一致

9、.bothand的否定式是Neithernor,Neither you nor she speaks Japanese.Both Mr.Li and Mrs.Zhang are OK.Neither Mr.Li nor Mrs.Zhang is OK.Little,a little和few,a few Little few表示”很少,幾乎沒(méi)有,”a little,a few表示”有一些”. Little和a little后接不可數(shù)名詞, few和a few后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù).他們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ). I have a few books but I have few pencils. -

10、Can you speak English? -Yes,I can speak a little. There is little water in the bottle,is there?當(dāng)句子前面有only時(shí),后面只能用a little和a few,即:only a few=very few(幾乎沒(méi)有幾個(gè)),only a little=very little(幾乎沒(méi)有,很少)He can speak only a little Chinese.other 和another Other”別的,其他的”.當(dāng)它前面有定冠詞時(shí),后面跟一個(gè)單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞,當(dāng)它前面沒(méi)有定冠詞時(shí),后面必須跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞.

11、This seat is free,the other seat is taken. She always thinks of other people and never thinks of herself Another 意思是”另外一個(gè),再一個(gè)”, another前面不能用定冠詞the,它作為限定詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,但它后面跟基數(shù)詞或few時(shí),后面的名詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). Please give me another umbrella. This one is too old. We need another ten chairs. We need another few days before

12、 I finish this book. 分述三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物時(shí),其句型是oneanotherthe thirdthe fourth She has four books.one is an English book,another is a history one, the third is a physics one, and the fourth is a picture-book. 分述兩樣?xùn)|西或人時(shí),常用句型”onethe other” She has two sons. One is a worker, the other ia a farmer.some,any,no,ev

13、ery組合的復(fù)合不定代詞. 當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞如everybody,everyone,anyone等時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常是代詞they;當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞如everything,anything,something,nothing 等時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常是代詞it. Everybody is here ,arent they? Everything is ready,isnt it? 當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,everything,everyone等時(shí),形容詞或else必須放在復(fù)合不定代詞的后面. I have something important to tell you. We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?everyone的意思等同與everybody,只能指人;every one既可指人也可指物, 還可以和of短語(yǔ)連用.Everyone /Every one likes Mary.I have kept every one of her letters.