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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Unit 3 Computers學(xué)案（教師版） 單 元 學(xué) 習(xí) 目 標(biāo) 導(dǎo) 航 類別 新課標(biāo)要求掌握的項(xiàng)目 話 題 1. Information technology 2. History and basic knowledge of computers 3. Robots 語 言 知 識 目 標(biāo) 重點(diǎn)詞匯 calculate, calculator, PC, notebook, common, analytical, simple, simple-minded, technology, tec

2、hnological, revolution, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligence, anyway, totally, network, truly, race, birth, IT, advantage, disadvantage, type, disagree, choice, material, personally, create, coach, move, arise, brain, mop, wander 詞組 in common, in one’s opinion, go by, so…that…, deal w

3、ith, human race, in a way, make up, after all, with the help of, watch over 句 型 1. However, people thought I was simple-minded until they discovered I had “artificial intelligence.” 2. And my memory became so large that I couldn’t believe it. 語 法 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(The Present Perfect Passive V

4、oice) I have been made smaller and smaller. I have been used by millions of people. I have truly been built to help the human race. 功 能 1. Making decisions(做出決定) I think that … In my opinion… I believe that… I agree because … I’ve decided that… Let’s make our decis

5、ion 2. Reasoning(推理) What’s your reason? Why do you think so? I think this one is better because… 情感 文化 目標(biāo) 1.通過了解電腦的發(fā)展簡史及現(xiàn)狀和應(yīng)用，能建立并加強(qiáng)用電腦學(xué)習(xí)的愿望和興趣，樹立了解和參與制造機(jī)器人的初步渴求。 2．樹立利用因特網(wǎng)進(jìn)行合作交往的意識。 The Three Laws of Robotics 1.A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a h

6、uman being to come to harm. 2.A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3.A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. 機(jī)器人三原則 1.機(jī)器人絕不能傷害任何人或因怠工而造成對

7、人的傷害。 2.在不違反第一條的情況下,不得違抗人的命令。 3.在不違反一二條定律的情況下,可以進(jìn)行自衛(wèi)。 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) （一）掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)單詞和短語。 （二）了解計(jì)算機(jī)和機(jī)器人的歷史和基本知識。 （三）語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 （四）學(xué)會做決定和推理的基本語言。 學(xué)習(xí)策略 通過自主探究，小組合作，鞏固詞匯，增強(qiáng)閱讀能力，了解計(jì)算機(jī)、機(jī)器人等現(xiàn)代科技。 預(yù)習(xí)案 一.寫出下列詞匯： 1.算盤abacus 2.簡化simplify　3.合邏輯的logical 4.人造的artifi

8、cial 5.私人的personal 6.應(yīng)用application 7.計(jì)算calculate 　　8.探索explore 9.技術(shù)technology 10.智力intelligence 11.總的tolal　12.電子的electronic 二.找出以下短語： 1)和…有共同點(diǎn)have sth in common 2)把…和…比較compare…with… 3)根據(jù)according to 4)計(jì)算出，解決work out (figure out) 5)把…按順序排列put …in an order 6)聽起來簡單sound simple

9、 7)作為…的開始 begin as 8)在那時(shí)at that time 9)解決問題solve problems 10)隨著時(shí)間的推移as time goes by 11)結(jié)果as a result 12)與…連接connected by 13) 和…分享share sth with sb 14) 和，而且 as well as 15)提供給某人某物provide sb with sth 16) 充滿 be filled with 17) 一種高質(zhì)量的生活a life of high quality

10、18)一個(gè)忠誠的朋友a(bǔ) devoted friend 19）從……起from…on 20）在……的幫助下with the help of 21）處理，對付deal with 22) 看守，監(jiān)視watch over 三.翻譯句子 1. I begin as a calculating machine in France in 1642. 1642年我在法國誕生時(shí)是一臺計(jì)算器。 2. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as a

11、nalytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我發(fā)育緩慢，差不多到了兩百年之后，查爾斯巴比奇才把我制成了一臺分析機(jī)。 3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的記憶能力發(fā)展得如此之快，就像一頭大象一樣，從來不會忘記告訴我的任何事情！ 4. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe

12、it. 我的儲存量變得如此巨大，連我自己都不能相信！ 5.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web. 我能夠通過萬維網(wǎng)和其他人分享我的知識。 6. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎樣，我的目標(biāo)是給人類提供高質(zhì)量的生活。 探究案 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：掌握本單元重點(diǎn)單詞、短語和句型。 一、重點(diǎn)單詞 1. calculate （v.） 計(jì)算，核算，推測，估計(jì) 1) It is im

13、possible to calculate what influence he had on her life 要計(jì)算出他對她的影響那是不可能的。 2) 我們還沒有確切地計(jì)算出度假要花多少錢。 We haven’t calculated how much we will spend on the holiday. 常用詞組：calculate on= depend on 指望 calculator (n.)計(jì)算器 calculation (n.)計(jì)算 calculating (adj.)斤斤計(jì)較個(gè)人得失的，自私的 2. personally （adv.） 就

14、個(gè)人而論 1) 就我個(gè)人來說，我是反對他的建議的。 Personally, I was against his suggestion. 2)她不喜歡這個(gè)計(jì)劃，但我本人覺得還可以接受。 Although she doesn’t like the plan, personally, I think it acceptable. 3. totally（adv.）= completely 完全地，全部地，整個(gè)地 1) 那個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子在地震中完全被毀了。 The town was totally destroyed in the earthquake. 2) 他們來自完全不同的文化。 T

15、hey are from the totally different cultures. total（adj.）全部的 in total 總計(jì) The repairs came to over 500 yuan in total. 修理費(fèi)總共500元。 4. signal （n.）信號，暗號（v.）發(fā)信號，打暗號 1)紅燈常被用作危險(xiǎn)的信號。 Red light is used as the warning signal. 2)小偷用信號警告同伴警察來了。 The thief signaled to his fellows that the police were

16、coming. 5. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. anyhow=anyway 無論如何, 反正，即使如此 1）反正，這輛二手車是值得買的。 Anyhow, this old car is worth buying. 2）It’s possible that I’m not fit to be a teacher just as you say, but _____,I’ll have a try. A. somehow B. anyway C. therefore

17、 D. otherwise 二、重點(diǎn)短語 1. in common 共同的(地), 共有的(地) 常與have連用 have nothing in common 無共同之處 have little in common 幾乎無共同之處 have something in common 有一些共同之處 have a lot in common 有許多共同之處 1) You know, Mary, you and I have one thing in common. 你知道，瑪麗，你和我有一個(gè)共同之處。 2) 我突然感覺到我們有很多共同點(diǎn)。 I suddenly fe

18、el that we have a lot in common. 2. as a result 結(jié)果；終于；因此 1)結(jié)果，他只得放棄。 As a result, he had to give up. 2) My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ______, he could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise 3. compare with 翻譯： 1) Compare this

19、 one with that one. 把這個(gè)和那個(gè)作比較。 2) We often compare children to the nation’s flowers. 我們常常把孩子比作祖國的花朵。 【歸納用法】 compare A with B 把A與B比較 compare A to B 把A比作B 注意：當(dāng)compare的過去分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，與with或to搭配都表示“與…相比” e.g ：Compared with (to) many of your classmates（與其他許多同學(xué)相比較）, you are very lucky. 4. m

20、ake up 編造，補(bǔ)足，化妝，組成 理解：指出各句中劃線部分的意思。 (1)Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medical team.組成 (2)The student made up an excuse for his being late.編造一個(gè)借口 (3)The girl makes herself up in the morning. 化妝 (4) He soon made up for the lessons he had missed.補(bǔ)足 注意：作“組成”時(shí),常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)be made up of (由……組成)

21、 Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medial team. =The medial team was made up of five doctors and ten nurses. 5. deal with 處理，對付，涉及 1)我不知道如何來對付這些淘氣的男孩。 I don’t know how to deal with these naughty boys. 2)你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地處理這個(gè)問題。 You should deal with the problem attentively. 注意：deal with與do with

22、在表示“處理”這一意思時(shí)， deal with與how連用，而do with與what連用。 3) Last summer he taught us _____poisonous(有毒的) gas. A. how did we deal with B. what did we deal with C. how we dealt with D. what we dealt with 6. watch over看守，監(jiān)視，保護(hù)，留神，照管，照料 1)我度假時(shí)你能幫我照料我的狗嗎？ Could you watch over my dog while I am on ho

23、liday? 2)請你去游泳吧，我來照管這些衣服。 Go swimming please, and I’ll watch over the clothes. 聯(lián)想: watch out (for) = look out (for) 警惕、密切注意 7. In 1963 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem. 注意： 主動(dòng)形式make

24、sb. do sth. 被動(dòng)形式sb. be made to do sth. 1) My parents have always made me feel good about myself. (feel/to feel) 2)The black workers were made to do the heavy work in those days. (do/to do) 8.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web. share sth. with sb. 和某人分享、分擔(dān)

25、某事 1) It’s always better to _____your worries and problems. A. enjoy B. share C. like D. appreciate 2）如果你能讓我搭車(give me a lift)，我將和你分擔(dān)費(fèi)用。 I’ll share the fees with you if you can give me a lift. 9．in a way 在某種程度上；從某一角度看(相當(dāng)于in one/some way)。 In a way, our programmer is like our coach.

26、從某種程度上看，我們的程序員就像是我們的教練。(P23) [歸納拓展] (1) in a way在某種程度上 (2) in the way擋住去路；礙事、妨礙 (3) on ones way to在去……的路上 (4) on the way在途中 (5) in the way順便說(問) (6) by way of通過、經(jīng)由。 (7) in this way通過這種辦法 (8) in no way決不 (9) any way無論如何,不管怎樣 [練一練]用way的相關(guān)短語填空。 1 Perhaps he should h

27、ave said nothing，but any way it was his duty. 2 I’m sorry but your leg is in the way. 3 I got caught in the heavy rain on my way home home. 三、重點(diǎn)句型 1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage. “ It took/was +一段時(shí)間+

28、 before從句” 意為 “過……后才……” 1）過了五小時(shí)我們才到達(dá)村莊。 It was 5 hours before we reached the village. 2）The research will take Joan and Jack about five months, it will be a long time ______we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when 2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like

29、 an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it. 句型：so… that…“如此……以致于……”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 (1) so + adj/adv+that從句 (2) so + adj+ a/an+單數(shù)名詞+that從句 (3) so + many/much/few/little+名詞+that從句 拓展：such… that…“如此……以致于……”也可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 (1)such +

30、a/an+ adj+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 (2) such + adj+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句 (3) such +不復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that從句 [考例1] The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. A. really B. such C. too D. so [考例2] I haven’t seen Ann for ______ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like. A. such B. ver

31、y C. so D. too [考例3] She is______ a lovely girl that we all like her. A. such B. very C. so D. too [考例4] She was in ______ a hurry that she forgot the ticket. A. such B. very C. so D. too 注意：與 too…to… 句型的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 He is too old to carry the bo

32、x. =He is so old that he can’t carry the box. =He is such an old man that he can’t carry the box. 四．語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) （一）概念【觀察與思考】 1.Our classroom has been cleaned，so you neednt clean it now. 2.The letters have not been typed by now. 3.Have the clothes been washed? （二）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的

33、肯定式和否定式的構(gòu)成 have(has) been done （三）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 1．表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過去），強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。如：The door has been locked．門被鎖上了。（結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒有人能進(jìn)去） 2．在過去發(fā)生的一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的并可能持續(xù)下去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。 這臺機(jī)器已經(jīng)使用了三年了。 The machine has been used for 3 years. 這部車修了多長時(shí)間了？ How long has the c

34、ar been repaired? （四）使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的問題 1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，即have(has)和been，兩者缺一不可。 He has repaired the computer. Have they painted the door? →The computer has been repaired by him. →Have the door been painted? 2．注意與一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別。 (1)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)候，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；(2)而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)

35、作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。例如： The house was built last year.這房子是去年建造的。 The house has been built.這房子已經(jīng)建好了。 3．非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。 How long has this dictionary been borrowed？() (換動(dòng)詞keep) How long has this

36、dictionary been kept? 4. 副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly等副詞通常置于have/has和been的中間。如： Such a man has been hardly believed. () 正: Such a man has hardly been believed. 5．短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持完整性，不可省略短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞。例如： The police have looked into the problem. →The problem has been looked

37、 into by the police. 檢測案 一．Choose the best answer according to the sentences. 1.My brother works at the power station that __ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up 2.---_____ the sports meet will be put off. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m tol

38、d D. I told 3. ---- How long ____ at this job?---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 4.When to go for the holiday ____ yet. A. is not decided B. was not decided C. is not being decided D. has

39、not been decided 5. Betty___ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is 　D. has 6. Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place

40、; will set up 7. It’s said that this book___ into Chinese. A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated 8. Have you ever___ to the exhibition which ___for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. we

41、nt; lasted 二．There is a mistake in each sentence, can you find it out and correct it? 1. A personal computer has∕﹨ bought. been 2. Sailing races will be hold on the lake tomorrow. held 3. Children will not be allow to make a noise in the mu

42、seum. allowed 4. Many problems has been found with our new computer. have 5. The computer has∕﹨ used every day since we bought it. been 6. A lot of e-mails had been written in the past 5 years. have 三. 書面表達(dá).

43、根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，用英語寫一篇短文.題目：Life in the future 1. 人們可能到火星(Mars)和其它星球(planet)上度假。 2. 科學(xué)家可能會生活在海底進(jìn)行研究。 3. 每家都有可視電話(videophones)。 4. 孩子們可在家通過電視和廣播(radio)接受教育。 5. 機(jī)器人(robot)為你做家務(wù)。 要求：詞數(shù)，100字左右?？蛇m當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)是行文連貫。 Life in the future Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be like? ___________________________________________________