四柱液壓機設(shè)計【液壓機本體設(shè)計】
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實習(xí)報告
一、實習(xí)目的:
1.通過本次實習(xí)使我能夠從理論高度上升到實踐高度,更好的實現(xiàn)理論和實踐的結(jié)合,為我以后的工作和學(xué)習(xí)奠定初步的知識。
2.通過本次實習(xí)使我能夠親身感受到由一個學(xué)生轉(zhuǎn)變到一個職業(yè)人的過程。
3.本次實習(xí)對我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計和實習(xí)報告起到很重要的作用。
二、實習(xí)時間:
2013年1月
三、實習(xí)地點:
江蘇徐州
四、實習(xí)單位:
徐州國成機械制造有限公司
五、實習(xí)主要內(nèi)容:
時間過得很快,在公司不知不覺已兩個月了,由于臨時調(diào)整,提前進入技術(shù)中心接觸了一些工作任務(wù),這一個多月來,極大地豐富了自己關(guān)于零件加工工藝的知識,拓展了自己的知識面!從工藝文件的編制到工時定額的確定,到圖紙的更改與設(shè)計的認(rèn)識,到現(xiàn)場工藝問題的處理,再到簡單工裝夾具的設(shè)計,雖然不可能面面俱到,但是基本適應(yīng)了我公司的工作和相關(guān)流程。 從工藝文件的編制方面看,我的工作確實還有不到位的地方,還有很多地方需要改進的地方,比如因為粗心大意,很多細節(jié)問題常常得到忽略,對于各種材料的熱處理工藝還是比較欠缺,需要進一步完善!而我的工藝文件總體上雖然比較詳細,但是顯得過于繁瑣,工人對文字的東西過于反感,他們還是比較喜歡諸如“按圖車至尺寸”的文字,但是我卻只能按照我以前的工作經(jīng)驗,力爭文字簡單和明了,工藝步驟全面到位,不能夠隨機應(yīng)變!
液壓機現(xiàn)場調(diào)試步驟:
1.開箱驗收,清點到貨內(nèi)容是否與裝箱單相符,部件、附件、隨機工具和文件是否齊全,目測檢查有無運輸中的損壞或污染。
2.把機組和各部件安裝就位,并進行必要的找正和固定。
3.連接機器中的液壓執(zhí)行器,沖洗較長的管子和軟售。
4.檢查電源電壓,然后連接動力線路和控制線路。根據(jù)需要連接冷卻水泥。檢查泵的旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的正確性。
5.用規(guī)定的油液灌注油箱。加油不要超過最高液面標(biāo)志。加油過程中要特別注意清潔。例如打開油筒前,要徹底清理筒頂和筒口,以防泥土與其他污染物進入油液;向油箱輸送油液時.只能使用清潔的容器和軟管。最好采用帶有過濾器的輸油泵。在油箱注油管提供200目的濾網(wǎng)。并確保過濾器是專為系統(tǒng)所需油液品種所使用。
6.點動驅(qū)動電機或使內(nèi)燃機怠速,檢查旋轉(zhuǎn)方向。
7.在可能的最高點給液壓系統(tǒng)放氣。旋松放氣塞或管接頭d操作換向閻并使執(zhí)行器伸出縮回若干次。逐步加大負載,提高壓力閥的沒定值。當(dāng)油箱中不再有泡沫、執(zhí)行器不再爬行、系統(tǒng)不再有異常噪聲時,表明已放氣良好,旋緊放氣閥(塞)等。
8.在管路內(nèi)充滿油液而所有執(zhí)行器都外伸的情況下,補油至油箱最低液面標(biāo)志。
9.根據(jù)需要給泵殼體注油,打開吸油管截止閥。
10.先把壓力控制閻、流量控制閻和變量泵的壓力調(diào)節(jié)器調(diào)整到低設(shè)定值。方向控制閥置于中位。
11.蓄能器應(yīng)充氣到充氣壓力。按絕對壓力計算時,用于蓄能的蓄能器,其充氣壓力應(yīng)為系統(tǒng)最低工作壓力的0.8-0.9倍,但不要低于系統(tǒng)最高工作壓力的25%;用于吸收液壓沖擊和脈動的苫能器的充氣壓力應(yīng)為蓄能器回路額定壓力的0.5-0.8倍。 畢業(yè)實習(xí)報告
12.進行機器跑合。逐漸提高設(shè)定值,直到按制造廠的說明書最終調(diào)整壓力控制閥(含壓力繼電器)、流量控制閥、液壓泵變量調(diào)節(jié)器、時間繼電器等。使機器滿載運行幾小時,監(jiān)測穩(wěn)態(tài)工作溫度。
13.重新擰緊螺校和接頭。
14.清理或更換濾芯。
液壓站的使用與故障診斷
優(yōu)質(zhì)的液壓系統(tǒng)是針對無故障使用壽命長而設(shè)計的,它僅需要很少的維護,但是少量的維護對于得到無故障工作非常重要。實踐表明液壓系統(tǒng)失效、損壞等多數(shù)是由于污染、維護不足和油液選用不當(dāng)造成的。為保證液壓系統(tǒng)處于良好性能狀態(tài),并延長其使用壽命,應(yīng)對其合理使用、并重視對其進行日常檢查和維護。 液壓站使用中的注意事項如下:
1.低溫下,油溫應(yīng)達到20℃以上才準(zhǔn)許順序動作,油溫高于60℃時應(yīng)注意系統(tǒng)的工作情況。
2.停機4h以上的設(shè)備,應(yīng)先使液壓泵空載運轉(zhuǎn)5min后再起動執(zhí)行器工作。3.不許任意調(diào)整電氣控制裝置系統(tǒng)的互鎖裝置,隨意移動各限位開關(guān)、擋塊
掩塊的位置。
4.各種液壓元、輔件未經(jīng)主管部門同意,不準(zhǔn)私自調(diào)節(jié)或拆換。
5.液壓站出現(xiàn)故障時,不準(zhǔn)擅自亂動,應(yīng)通知有關(guān)部門分析原因并排除。除上述幾點外,還應(yīng)按有關(guān)規(guī)定做好對各類液壓件備件及液壓油的管理工作。 液壓系統(tǒng)種類繁雜,各有其特定用途和使用要求。為了及時了解和掌握液壓站和整個系統(tǒng)的運行狀況,消除故陳隱患,縮短維修周期,通常應(yīng)采用點檢和定檢的方法對系統(tǒng)進行檢查。 為了準(zhǔn)確、快速的進行故障診斷和排除,一般應(yīng)按所謂“望、聞、問、切”流程來進行。即首先通過觀察和詢問現(xiàn)場工作人員全面了解液壓系統(tǒng)及主機的構(gòu)成、功能、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)(如液壓泵和液壓馬達的轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)矩、壓力、流量)、電源情況、正確的動作循環(huán)及狀態(tài)等,并清楚地了解每個液壓元件特別是電液伺服閥、比例閥、數(shù)字閥的結(jié)構(gòu)、工作特性和技術(shù)參數(shù)。特別要詢問故障現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)索取并結(jié)合故障現(xiàn)象認(rèn)真研究液壓系統(tǒng)原理圖和有關(guān)技術(shù)文件。并對上述工作做好記錄和標(biāo)記,以備參考。傾聽液壓系統(tǒng)起動、工作、制動和停車過程中系統(tǒng)的聲音,管內(nèi)的流動或感覺管子的溫?zé)?,往往可以查明流動情況。
突然想起魯迅先生的一句話:這里本來沒有路,只是走的人多了,也便成了路。生活的路呢?生活的路也是人走出來的,每個人一生總要去很多陌生的地方,然后熟悉,而接著又要啟程去另一個陌生的地方。
在不久就要踏上人生另一旅程的時候,有時不免會感到有些茫然,感到無助,但生活的路誰都無法預(yù)設(shè),只能一步一步摸索,但只要方向正確,不要走入歧途,走哪條路都走向光明。
又想起魯迅先生的一句:要用笑臉去迎接悲慘的厄運,百倍的勇氣去面對一切的不幸!每個人在通往成功的大道上都會遇到各種這樣或那樣的不快事,有時或許會是一場不幸,有的人或許會一蹶不振,但我覺得,生活總有許多的跌跌落落,每個人都應(yīng)該用笑臉去面對,或許事實很難做到,但不管怎么樣,人不可以走出自己!永遠堅信自己的方向,把握自己的前途!
順德是美麗的地方,作為初涉社會的開端,這里總有許多回憶和聯(lián)想,面對殘酷的現(xiàn)實社會,每個人都無法選擇逃避,除了勇敢面對,我們也無從選擇!
通過這次實習(xí),也讓我感受到了自己素養(yǎng)不足,知識的匱乏和面對困難的勇氣,卻也磨礪了我的意志,使我有了耐心,學(xué)會了一個人靜靜的思考。我相信再大的困難我都有信心去面對!培養(yǎng)自己的長遠眼光,勤于思考,善于總結(jié)。把自己不明白的沒學(xué)會的知識好好向同事學(xué)習(xí),來彌補自己的不足。我相信只要今后我繼續(xù)努力下去,我就一定會做好的。我會繼續(xù)不斷努力的學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)理論知識,不斷學(xué)習(xí)提高自身專業(yè)素質(zhì),更好的勝任崗位要求。
世界最新機械設(shè)計理念
來源:中國科技期刊
摘要:根據(jù)目前國內(nèi)外設(shè)計學(xué)者進行機械產(chǎn)品設(shè)計時的主要思維特點,將產(chǎn)品方案的設(shè)計方法概括為系統(tǒng)化、結(jié)構(gòu)模塊化、基于產(chǎn)品特征知識和智能。這幾種方法的特點及其相互間的有機聯(lián)系,提出產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計計算機實現(xiàn)的努力方向。
關(guān)鍵詞:機械產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計方法發(fā)展趨勢
設(shè)計文件是將語義設(shè)計網(wǎng)作為設(shè)計工具,在其開發(fā)的活性語義設(shè)計網(wǎng)ASK中,采用結(jié)點和線條組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)描述設(shè)計,結(jié)點表示元件化的單元(如設(shè)計任務(wù)、功能、構(gòu)件或加工設(shè)備等),線條用以調(diào)整和定義結(jié)點間不同的語義關(guān)系,由此為設(shè)計過程中的所有活動和結(jié)果預(yù)先建立模型,使早期設(shè)計要求的定義到每一個結(jié)構(gòu)的具體描述均可由關(guān)系間的定義表達,實現(xiàn)了計算機輔助設(shè)計過程由抽象到具體的飛躍。
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計方法
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計方法的主要特點是:將設(shè)計看成由若干個設(shè)計要素組成的一個系統(tǒng),每個設(shè)計要素具有獨立性,各個要素間存在著有機的聯(lián)系,并具有層次性,所有的設(shè)計要素結(jié)合后,即可實現(xiàn)設(shè)計系統(tǒng)所需完成的任務(wù)。
系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計思想于70年代由德國學(xué)者Pahl和Beitz教授提出,他們以系統(tǒng)理論為基礎(chǔ),制訂了設(shè)計的一般模式,倡導(dǎo)設(shè)計工作應(yīng)具備條理性。德國工程師協(xié)會在這一設(shè)計思想的基礎(chǔ)上,制訂出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)VDI2221技術(shù)系統(tǒng)和產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)設(shè)計方法。
1. 將用戶需求作為產(chǎn)品功能特征構(gòu)思、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和零件設(shè)計、工藝規(guī)劃、作業(yè)控制等的基礎(chǔ),從產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的宏觀過程出發(fā),利用質(zhì)量功能布置方法,系統(tǒng)地將用戶需求信息合理而有效地轉(zhuǎn)換為產(chǎn)品開發(fā)各階段的技術(shù)目標(biāo)和作業(yè)控制規(guī)程的方法。
2. 將產(chǎn)品看作有機體層次上的生命系統(tǒng),并借助于生命系統(tǒng)理論,把產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計過程劃分成功能需求層次、實現(xiàn)功能要求的概念層次和產(chǎn)品的具體設(shè)計層次。同時采用了生命系統(tǒng)圖符抽象地表達產(chǎn)品的功能要求,形成產(chǎn)品功能系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。
3. 將機械設(shè)計中系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的應(yīng)用歸納為兩個基本問題:一是把要設(shè)計的產(chǎn)品作為一個系統(tǒng)處理,最佳地確定其組成部分(單元)及其相互關(guān)系;二是將產(chǎn)品設(shè)計過程看成一個系統(tǒng),根據(jù)設(shè)計目標(biāo),正確、合理地確定設(shè)計中各個方面的工作和各個不同的設(shè)計階段。
由于每個設(shè)計者研究問題的角度以及考慮問題的側(cè)重點不同,進行方案設(shè)計時采用的具體研究方法亦存在差異。下面介紹一些具有代表性的系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計方法。
4. 設(shè)計元素法
用五個設(shè)計元素(功能、效應(yīng)、效應(yīng)載體、形狀元素和表面參數(shù))描述“產(chǎn)品解”,認(rèn)為一個產(chǎn)品的五個設(shè)計元素值確定之后,產(chǎn)品的所有特征和特征值即已確定。我國亦有設(shè)計學(xué)者采用了類似方法描述產(chǎn)品的原理解。
5. 圖形建模法
研制的“設(shè)計分析和引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)”KALEIT,用層次清楚的圖形描述出產(chǎn)品的功能結(jié)構(gòu)及其相關(guān)的抽象信息,實現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)、功能關(guān)系的圖形化建模,以及功能層之間的聯(lián)接。
將設(shè)計劃分成輔助方法和信息交換兩個方面,利用Nijssen信息分析方法可以采用圖形符號、具有內(nèi)容豐富的語義模型結(jié)構(gòu)、可以描述集成條件、可以劃分約束類型、可以實現(xiàn)關(guān)系間的任意結(jié)合等特點,將設(shè)計方法解與信息技術(shù)進行集成,實現(xiàn)了設(shè)計過程中不同抽象層間信息關(guān)系的圖形化建模。
6. “構(gòu)思”—“設(shè)計”法
將產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計分成“構(gòu)思”和“設(shè)計”兩個階段?!皹?gòu)思”階段的任務(wù)是尋求、選擇和組合滿足設(shè)計任務(wù)要求的原理解?!霸O(shè)計”階段的工作則是具體實現(xiàn)構(gòu)思階段的原理解。
將方案的“構(gòu)思”具體描述為:根據(jù)合適的功能結(jié)構(gòu),尋求滿足設(shè)計任務(wù)要求的原理解。即功能結(jié)構(gòu)中的分功能由“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”實現(xiàn),并將“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”間的物理聯(lián)接定義為“功能載體”,“功能載體”和“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”間的相互作用又形成了功能示意圖(機械運動簡圖)。方案的“設(shè)計”是根據(jù)功能示意圖,先定性地描述所有的“功能載體”和“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”,再定量地描述所有“結(jié)構(gòu)元素”和聯(lián)接件(“功能載體”)的形狀及位置,得到結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。Roper,H.利用圖論理論,借助于由他定義的“總設(shè)計單元(GE)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)元素(KE)”、“功能結(jié)構(gòu)元素(FKE)”、“聯(lián)接結(jié)構(gòu)元素(VKE)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)零件(KT)”、“結(jié)構(gòu)元素零件(KET)”等概念,以及描述結(jié)構(gòu)元素尺寸、位置和傳動參數(shù)間相互關(guān)系的若干種簡圖,把設(shè)計專家憑直覺設(shè)計的方法做了形式化的描述,形成了有效地應(yīng)用現(xiàn)有知識的方法,并將其應(yīng)用于“構(gòu)思”和“設(shè)計”階段。
7. 鍵合圖法
將組成系統(tǒng)元件的功能分成產(chǎn)生能量、消耗能量、轉(zhuǎn)變能量形式、傳遞能量等各種類型,并借用鍵合圖表達元件的功能解,希望將基于功能的模型與鍵合圖結(jié)合,實現(xiàn)功能結(jié)構(gòu)的自動生成和功能結(jié)構(gòu)與鍵合圖之間的自動轉(zhuǎn)換,尋求由鍵合圖產(chǎn)生多個設(shè)計方案的方法。
提倡在產(chǎn)品功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上,將產(chǎn)品分解成具有某種功能的一個或幾個模塊化的基本結(jié)構(gòu),通過選擇和組合這些模塊化基本結(jié)構(gòu)組建成不同的產(chǎn)品。這些基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以是零件、部件,甚至是一個系統(tǒng)。
本結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的接口(聯(lián)接和配合部),并且是系列化、通用化、集成化、層次化、靈便化、經(jīng)濟化,具有互換性、相容性和相關(guān)性。我國結(jié)合軟件構(gòu)件技術(shù)和CAD技術(shù),將變形設(shè)計與組合設(shè)計相結(jié)合,根據(jù)分級模塊化原理,將加工中心機床由大到小分為產(chǎn)品級、部件級、組件級和元件級,并利用專家知識和CAD技術(shù)將它們組合成不同品種、不同規(guī)格的功能模塊,再由這些功能模塊組合成不同的加工中心總體方案。
以設(shè)計為目錄作為選擇變異機械結(jié)構(gòu)的工具,提出將設(shè)計的解元素進行完整的、結(jié)構(gòu)化的編排,形成解集設(shè)計目錄。并在解集設(shè)計目錄中列出評論每一個解的附加信息,非常有利于設(shè)計工程師選擇解元素。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的蓬勃發(fā)展,異地協(xié)同設(shè)計與制造,以及從用戶對產(chǎn)品的功能需求→設(shè)計→加工→裝配→成品這一并行工程的實現(xiàn)成為可能。但是,達到這些目標(biāo)的重要前提條件之一,就是實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計效果的三維可視化。為此,不僅三維圖形軟件、智能化設(shè)計軟件愈來愈多地應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計中,虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)以及多媒體、超媒體工具也在產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計中初露鋒芒。目前,德國等發(fā)達國家正著力于研究超媒體技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)STEP,以及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)虛擬現(xiàn)實造型語言上基于虛擬環(huán)境的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交換格式)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計中的應(yīng)用。
機械產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計正朝著計算機輔助實現(xiàn)、智能化設(shè)計和滿足異地協(xié)同設(shè)計制造需求的方向邁進,由于產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計計算機實現(xiàn)方法的研究起步較晚,目前還沒有成熟的、能夠達到上述目標(biāo)的方案設(shè)計工具軟件。作者認(rèn)為,綜合運用文中四種類型設(shè)計方法是達到這一目標(biāo)有效途徑。雖然這些方法的綜合運用涉及的領(lǐng)域較多,不僅與機械設(shè)計的領(lǐng)域知識有關(guān),而且還涉及到系統(tǒng)工程理論、人工智能理論、計算機軟硬件工程、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)等各方面的領(lǐng)域知識,但仍然是產(chǎn)品方案設(shè)計必須努力的方向。國外在這方面的研究已初見成效,我國設(shè)計學(xué)者也已意識到CAD技術(shù)與國際交流合作的重要性,及其應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的措施。
基于產(chǎn)品特征知識設(shè)計方法的主要特點是:用計算機能夠識別的語言描述產(chǎn)品的特征及其設(shè)計領(lǐng)域?qū)<业闹R和經(jīng)驗,建立相應(yīng)的知識庫及推理機,再利用已存儲的領(lǐng)域知識和建立的推理機制實現(xiàn)計算機輔助產(chǎn)品的方案設(shè)計。
機械系統(tǒng)的方案設(shè)計主要是依據(jù)產(chǎn)品所具有的特征,以及設(shè)計領(lǐng)域?qū)<业闹R和經(jīng)驗進行推量和決策,完成機構(gòu)的型、數(shù)綜合。欲實現(xiàn)這一階段的計算機輔助設(shè)計,必須研究知識的自動獲取、表達、集成、協(xié)調(diào)、管理和使用。為此,國內(nèi)外設(shè)計學(xué)者針對機械系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計知識的自動化處理做了大量的研究工作,采用的方法可歸納為下述幾種。
The worlds Latest Mechanical Design Conceptssource:China Science and Technology JournalAbstract:According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanicaldesign product design features of the main ideas, product design method of theprogramsummarizedassystematic,modularstructure,basedonproductcharacteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods andtheir organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computerproduct design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design MethodDevelopment Trends Design documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool inthe design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes andlines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such asdesign tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust thelines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the designprocess all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of theearly design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be definedby the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process,the leap from the abstract to the concrete.Asystematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by anumber of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, eachelement of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the designelements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70s by the German scholar Professor Pahl andBeitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design,advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on thebasis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems andproduct development design methods.1.The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structuredesign and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro fromthe product development process of starting the use of quality function deploymentmethod and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently convertedto the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational controlprocedures method.2.The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means ofliving systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successfulhierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level andproduct level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used toexpress the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structureformation of product features.3.The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basicquestions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way todetermine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations1; is the productdesign process as a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonablydetermine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designers point of research questions and to consider the questionof emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here aresome representative of the systematic design methods.4.Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements,and surface parameters) describe the product solutions that a product to determinethe value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristicsof the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methodsdesigned to describe the products original understanding.5.Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a design analysis and guidance systems KALEIT, with thelevel of clear graphic description of a products functional structure and its associatedabstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphicalmodeling, and functional connection between the layers 2.Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology andexchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integrationconditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relationsbetween any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integrationand information technology to realize the design process of information betweendifferent abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6.Concept - Design methodProducts design is divided into concept and design in two stages. Conceptphase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the originalunderstanding of design tasks. Design stage of work is a concrete realization of theoriginal understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the programs idea of specific described as: In accordance with theappropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of theoriginal understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function isperformed by the structural elements to achieve, and structural elements of thephysical connection between the definition of a feature vector, feature vector andstructural elements further the interaction between the formation of the functionaldiagram ( mechanical diagram). The program design is based on functional diagram,the first qualitative description of all of the feature vector and structural elements,and then quantitatively describe all the structural elements and the connection parts( feature vectors), the shape and location to be structure diagram3. Roper, H. usinggraph theory, by means of which he defines as the total design unit (GE), structuralelements (KE), functional structural elements (FKE), connect structural elements(VKE), Structural Parts (KT), structure element part (KET) concepts, as well asdescribe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of theinteractions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive designprofessionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of aneffective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to ideas anddesign stage.7.Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produceenergy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energytransfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure theautomatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automaticconversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of designmethods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has somefeatures broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection andcombination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products.These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operationdepartment),andisserialized,universal,integrated,hierarchical,agile,economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. Chinascombination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant designcombined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification,will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level,component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledgeand CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specificationsof functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into differentmodules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure ofthe tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout,the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed tocomment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is verybeneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design andmanufacturing, as well as the product from the users functional requirements design processing assembly finished product of this realization of concurrentengineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals oneof the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensionalvisualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and moreintelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual realitytechnology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut.At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on researchhypermedia technology, product data exchange standard STEP, as well as standardvirtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtualenvironments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligentdesign and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture ofdirection, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation startedlate, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools4. Authorbelieves that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effectiveway to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are moreinvolved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-relatedknowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory,computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such asdomain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in researchin this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD designtechnology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and itsmeasures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using acomputer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product andits design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriateknowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and theestablishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product,and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume anddecision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achievethis stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition ofknowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end,the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical systemdesign knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, theapproach can be summarized into the following several.
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