資源目錄里展示的全都有預覽可以查看的噢，，下載就有,,請放心下載，原稿可自行編輯修改=【QQ：11970985 可咨詢交流】====================喜歡就充值下載吧。。。資源目錄里展示的全都有，，下載后全都有,,請放心下載，原稿可自行編輯修改=【QQ：197216396 可咨詢交流】==================== 外文資料 Cooling bed, the design of the lifting chain The first step on the cooling bed, made a brief overview of the cooling bed status and development. Cooling bed, the quality of steel products as an important part of modern industrial production plays a vital role. Then introduced the cooling bed classification, including reciprocating multi-claw type cooling bed, chain cooling bed, walking beam cooling bed, flip the cooling bed, swing-type cooling bed, roller-type cooling bed, as well as a variety of cooling bed features . Deepen their understanding of the factory. Cooling bed, lifting chain, this general-purpose machinery design as a graduate design topics, to develop an independent ability to solve practical engineering problems, have learned the basic theory and professional knowledge of the integrated use of this graduation project is also our design, computing and graphics capabilities have been fully training. 1.1 cooling bed applications Cooling bed, metallurgy rolling steel industry, rolling products (rebar, round bar, pipe, etc.), effectively cooling the work surface. Main purposes: cooling bed equipment is mainly used for rolling steel plates online slow natural cooling. Profile production line, cooling bed with pre-curved profiles also prevent profiles in the natural cooling process of the entire quality ranging from lead to irregular bending. The walking beam cooling bed is one of the critical equipment in today's bar rolling production line, the main function is to receive, transfer and cooling rolling. 1.2 development trend of the cooling bed Cooling bed rolling production line equipment, a key link to connect the high-temperature processing and cold, regulate even a region of uneven processing efficiency has played a buffer role. On the other hand, compared with the mill, flying shear, and other processing equipment, large tonnage cooling bed equipment, a wide area, manufacture and installation more difficult. In the entire production line design, manufacture, installation, and so on all aspects of China is still a wide gap with foreign outstanding enterprises. Drawing regard for absorbing foreign drawings, and independent production. In the independent intellectual property rights is weak. Due to the design drawings as a reference of foreign technology, coupled with the shortage of time. Therefore, in the specific production and manufacturing, prone to all kinds of unexpected problems in specific aspects of the installation process. There is sufficient accumulation of multi-technology and practical experience in foreign countries in this regard. Japan's Mitsubishi, Nippon Steel, Siemens VAI, the United States iron this and so are the technology leader in this regard. Foreign countries has been high-end technology blockade against China, China in the field of cutting-edge development is relatively slow. However, in recent years, in order to speed up the modernization of the country vigorously develop the manufacturing sector, and encourage all kinds of capital into heavy industry. Strengthen intellectual property protection, and increasing investment in education, emphasis on high-end talent cultivation. China's rapid development in the field of modern manufacturing. Steel production line equipment, the vast majority of independent production, although the level of processing, manufacturing precision and product quality is a little gap with foreign countries, but this gap is gradually narrowing. 1.3 cooling bed classification Cooling bed is rolling shop, as long as the equipment, its role is more than 800 ℃ rolling cooled to below 150 ° C to 100 ° C, while making the tie pieces set the direction and established speed run during transport shall ensure that the tie pieces bend or to develop the direction of bending. Significant differences between the shape of the steel products, steel workshop of the cooling bed form is varied. Cooling bed structure in accordance with the steel shop, cooling bed the following classification. (1) reciprocating claw-type cooling bed Bed by a number of fixed guideway (rail, slide), the shift of steel equipment with a program claw as a whole or single pulley rope back and forth dragging. Cooling bed structure is simple, solid and reliable, easy to maintain, but its low utilization factor, consumption of the pulley wheel and roller rolling in the traverse process prone to bending phenomenon, and the noise, this cooling bed mainly used for cogging and medium-sized steel rolling workshop. (2) chain cooling bed Chain cold bed of the body is generally a fixed cooling stand and chain pull steel machine part. Chain pull steel machine roller chain plate due to the constraints of the chain tensioner is usually irreversible, driving wheel should be installed in front of the rolling Traversing direction. Some chain located in the cooling bed inside the chain to bring security program claw to boost the profile forward; some chains in the cooling bed, the chain holding the profile forward. The cooling bed structure is compact, easy maintenance, no noise; drawback is the chain in high temperature conditions, the chain is easily deformed, the need to equip them with specialized cooling equipment. This cold bed suitable for all sections of steel; straightening machine and check the bench chain cold bed is a good results in the form. (3) stepping cooling bed Stepping cooling bed, also known as the rack type cooling bed, the body formed by two racks, a set of rack is fixed (static rack), another set of rack can be done to the plane down reciprocating motion (moving rack). The two sets of rack tooth alternately arranged in the cooling bed is not working, static rack above the moving rack tooth surface. When you start your motor, the eccentric wheel rotation, so that the lift reciprocating installed in both front and rear dynamic beam moving rack. With the move rack mobile will be able to traverse the profiles on the static rack once a pitch, traverse profiles in the cooling bed, the movement of the body, and gradually cooled down. This cold bed suitable for the cooling process and prone to bending and torsion of small steel production. In the some serrated cold bed in order to ensure uniform rolling of cooling, static rack and move the rack is not parallel with the direction of the cooling bed length, generally a small angle (2 °). Not before rolling further, the parts in contact with the tooth surface along the length of the rolling direction changes in time, full-length along the rolling point of contact to cyclical changes. This is necessary for high-alloy steel and special profiles. (4)Turn the cooling bed More advanced flip-type cooling bed, composed of two teeth beam and the eccentric shaft. Beam, two teeth of different tooth gear beam 1 is V-shaped teeth beam 2 is U-shaped. When the eccentric rotation of the axis A, eccentricity AB so that the beam up and down movement, eccentric AK, AZ, about two teeth beam movement. In this movement, proud steel flip. The flip-type cooling bed with energy saving, short cooling time, cooling steel, straight and without injury, main applications and Vincent Fang (blank) (blank) and round bar cooling. (5)swing-type cooling bed The swing-type cooling bed the main components of the swing lever whenever the swing rod swing steel in a cold bed to move a pitch. Along with the swing lever repeatedly swing. Steel in a cold bed to continue moving forward. The swing of the advantages of the cooling bed is just an idiot straight line in the cooling bed moved, compared with the rack cooling bed, its simple structure, low cost, easy fabrication. The disadvantage is that sometimes damage the steel surface. (6) roller-type cooling bed The roller cooling bed by a group of slender roller. The axis of the roller and rolling run direction at a certain angle, the rolling traverse movement on side, side of the rotation, such rolling not only to cool evenly and do not bend and reverse. Such a higher cost of cooling bed for demanding small steel production. Chain and walking beam cooling bed equipment cost more than claw-type cooling bed, but the rolling the Traversing process does not produce friction with the bed slide, and the formation of surface scratches and other defects, and good heat dissipation. cooling capacity, and therefore is widely available, rope roller claw-type cooling bed has to be phased out. 中文翻譯 冷床升降鏈的設計 第一步首先對冷床作了簡單的概述，介紹了冷床的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展狀況。冷床作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產中的重要環(huán)節(jié)對鋼材產品的質量起著至關重要的作用。接著介紹冷床的分類，包括往復多爪式冷床，鏈式冷床，步進式冷床，翻轉式冷床，搖擺式冷床，輥式冷床，以及各種冷床的特點[1]。加深對工廠生產的認識。 選擇冷床升降鏈這種非通用機械的設計作為畢業(yè)設計的選題，能培養(yǎng)我們獨立解決工程實際問題的能力，通過這次畢業(yè)設計是對所學基本理論和專業(yè)知識的一次綜合運用，也使我們的設計、計算和繪圖能力都得到了全面的訓練。 1.1 冷床的應用 冷床，是冶金軋鋼行業(yè)對軋制產品（螺紋鋼、圓鋼、鋼管等）有效進行冷卻的工作臺面。 主要用途：冷床設備主要用于軋后鋼板在線緩慢自然冷卻。在型材生產線上，冷床對型材還具有預彎曲功能，防止型材在自然冷卻過程中因各處質量不等導致出現(xiàn)不規(guī)則彎曲。 步進式冷床是現(xiàn)今棒材連軋生產線中重要設備之一,主要功能為接收、傳遞以及冷卻軋件。 1.2冷床的發(fā)展趨勢 冷床作為軋鋼生產線上的重要設備，是連接高溫加工與冷加工的關鍵環(huán)節(jié)，調節(jié)了連個區(qū)域的加工效率不均，起到了緩沖作用。 但從另一方面說，與軋機，飛剪等加工設備相比，由于冷床設備噸位大，占地面積廣，所以制造安裝難度較高。 在整條生產線的設計，制造，安裝，等等各個環(huán)節(jié)我國還與國外優(yōu)秀企業(yè)有較大差距。圖紙方面多為吸收消化國外圖紙，然后自主生產。在自主知識產權方面較為薄弱。由于圖紙設計多為參考國外技術，加之時間短促。所以在具體生產制造，安裝使用過程的具體環(huán)節(jié)中容易出現(xiàn)各種意料之外的問題。在這方面國外已有足夠的多技術積累和實踐經驗。日本三菱，日本新日鐵，西門子·奧鋼聯(lián)，美國鐵本等等都是這方面的技術領先者。 由于國外一直對中國實行高端技術封鎖，我國在技術尖端領域發(fā)展較緩慢。不過近些年，為加快現(xiàn)代化建設，國家大力發(fā)展制造業(yè)，鼓勵各種資本投入到重工業(yè)。加強知識產權保護，增大教育投入，重視高端人才培養(yǎng)。使我國在現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)領域得到迅猛發(fā)展。鋼材生產線的設備，絕大部分可以實現(xiàn)自主生產，雖然在加工水平，制造精度，產品質量還與國外有一點差距，但這種差距正在逐步縮小。 1.3冷床的分類 冷床是軋鋼車間的只要設備，其作用在于將800℃以上的軋件冷卻到150℃到100℃以下，同時使扎件按既定方向和既定速度運行，在運輸過程中應保證扎件不彎曲或向制定的方向彎曲。由于型鋼產品形狀相差懸殊，因此型鋼車間的冷床形式是多種多樣的。 按照型鋼車間冷床結構形式，冷床大致有以下幾大分類。 (1)往復多爪式冷床 床面由若干固定的導軌（鋼軌、滑軌）組成，移鋼設備為一個帶多組劃爪的整體式或單體式滑車，用鋼絲繩來回拖動。這種冷床結構簡單，牢固可靠，易于維修，但其利用系數(shù)低，滑車車輪和托輥的消耗量大，軋間在橫移過程中容易發(fā)生彎曲現(xiàn)象，而且噪聲也大，這種冷床主要用于開坯和大中型型鋼軋鋼車間。 (2)鏈式冷床 鏈式冷床的本體一般由固定的冷卻臺架以及鏈式拉鋼機兩部分組成。鏈式拉鋼機由板式滾子鏈組成，因受鏈條張緊條件的限制，通常是不可逆的，其主動輪應安裝在軋件橫移方向的前端。有的是鏈條設在冷床里面，鏈帶上安有劃爪來帶動型材前進；有的是鏈條在冷床上，鏈條托著型材前進。這種冷床結構緊湊，維修方便，沒有噪聲；缺點是鏈條處于高溫條件下工作，鏈條容易變形，需要為其配備專門的冷卻設備。這種冷床適于所有斷面的型鋼；對于矯直機后檢查臺架鏈式冷床是一種很好的結果形式。 (3)步進冷床 步進冷床又稱齒條式冷床，本體由兩組齒條組成，一組齒條是固定的（靜齒條），另一組齒條可以做平面升降往復運動（動齒條）。兩組齒條的齒形交替排列，冷床不工作時，靜齒條高于動齒條的齒面。當啟動電動機后，偏心輪轉動，使安裝在前后兩組動梁上的動齒條做升降往復移動。隨著動齒條的移動就能把靜齒條上的型材一次橫移一個齒距，型材在冷床本體的運動中不斷橫移，并逐漸冷卻下來。這種冷床適宜于冷卻過程中容易產生彎曲和扭轉的小型鋼材生產。為了保證軋件均勻的冷卻，在某些鋸齒形冷床上，其靜齒條和動齒條并不與冷床長度方向平行，一般都便宜一個不大的角度（2°）。這樣軋件沒前進一步，與齒面接觸的部位沿軋件長度方向變化一次，即沿軋件全長的接觸點能夠周期性的變化。這對于高合金鋼和某些特殊型材是必要的。 (4)翻轉式冷床 目前比較先進的翻轉式冷床，主要由兩齒梁和偏心軸組成。兩齒梁的齒形不同，齒梁1為V形，齒梁2為U形。當偏心軸A轉動時，偏心AB使梁上下運動，偏心AK及AZ使兩齒梁左右運動。在此運動中，型鋼得意翻轉。翻轉式冷床具有節(jié)能，冷卻時間短，冷卻型鋼直和無損傷等特點，主要應用與方剛（坯）和圓鋼（坯）的冷卻。 (5)搖擺式冷床 搖擺式冷床主要部件是搖擺桿，每當搖擺桿擺動一次，鋼材在冷床上移動一個齒距。隨之擺動桿的反復擺動。鋼材就在冷床上不斷前進。擺動式冷床的優(yōu)點是剛才在冷床上移動時能白癡直線，與齒條冷床相比，其結構簡單，造價低，制造方便。缺點是有時會損傷鋼材表面。 (6)輥式冷床 輥式冷床由多組細長輥子組成。輥子軸線與軋件運行方向成一定角度，使軋件在其上一面作橫移運動，一面相應的轉動，這樣軋件不僅冷卻均勻而且不發(fā)生彎曲和扭轉。此類冷床的造價較高，用于要求較高的小型型鋼生產。 鏈式和步進式冷床的設備造價比多爪式冷床高，但軋件在橫移過程中不會產生與床面滑道摩擦，而產生表面擦傷等缺陷，并且散熱性好，冷卻能力高，因此獲得廣泛應用，繩輪滑爪式冷床已被逐漸淘汰。 7