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1、現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的的動作或保存的狀態(tài)。動作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語主語+ have / has + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞否定句：否定句：havent/hasnt一般疑問句一般疑問句： Have / Has ? Yes, 主語主語+have/has. No, 主語主語+havent/hasnt. 常與下列時間狀語連用：常與下列時間狀語連用：just , already, yet,ever, never, be

2、fore, several times 表示從過去已經(jīng)開始表示從過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示或狀態(tài)，可以和表示“從過去某一時刻從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間狀語延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間狀語”連用，如連用，如“for+時間段時間段”、“since+過去的時間過去的時間點點”、“since+從句從句(一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài))”、“since+一段時間一段時間+ago”。且。且for與與since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.=

3、My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. Ive lived here since 1990 自從自從1990年以來我就住在這里。年以來我就住在這里。 I havent seen him for three years. 我三年沒有看見他了。我三年沒有看見他了。 選用選用for和和since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been

4、on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last timeforsinceforsinceforsince 此種用法中表示持續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)的此種用法中表示持續(xù)性的動作或狀態(tài)的 動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞(否定句除外否定句除外)。1. 這本書我買了這本書我買了5年了。年了。 I have bought the book for five year

5、s. ( ) I have had the book for five years. ( ) 2. 你哥哥參軍多長時間了？你哥哥參軍多長時間了？ How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( )1. 轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞，用于現(xiàn)在完轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞，用于現(xiàn)在完成時。成時。 borrow keep buy have put on wear catch a cold have a cold get to know know

6、 get to sleep sleep2. 轉(zhuǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)化為“be + 形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞/介詞介詞/名詞名詞”begin / start be on go out be out close be closed open be open get to/arrive/reach be (in)die be dead leave be away finish be overfall sleep be asleep join be in/be a member of become be make friends be friendscome/go/ be + 相應(yīng)的介詞短語相應(yīng)的介詞短語 現(xiàn)在完成時

7、：現(xiàn)在完成時：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，到現(xiàn)在的動作或保存的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如：不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用（如：in 1990in 1990，last Sunday last Sunday 等）。等）。 一般過去時：一般過去時：一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），

8、它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。束），它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時，應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時，應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞：時連用的幾個副詞：already, just, ever, yet, never等。等。already, just多用于肯定句中多用于肯定句中，ever, yet, never多用于疑問句和否定句中。多用于疑問句和否定句中。如：如：I have already finished my homework 我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。 He has just

9、 had his meal他剛吃過飯。他剛吃過飯。 Have you ever sung this English song？ 你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They havent started yet. 他們還沒有身。他們還沒有身。 We have never heard of it 我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。動詞填空：動詞填空：1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(se

10、e) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you _( come) here? Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _ (go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far

11、, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgaveHaveriddenhas kept(1). have (has) been in 意為意為“已經(jīng)在某地呆了多已經(jīng)在某地呆了多長時間長時間”，常與，常與表示一段時間的狀語表示

12、一段時間的狀語連用。連用。Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。 have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用法的用法 (2). have (has) been to 意為意為“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”,表示表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了.可與可與 just, ever, never 等連用。等連用。如

13、：如：Ive just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城?，旣悘奈慈ミ^長城。have(has)been to后面可接后面可接次數(shù)次數(shù),表示去過某地幾次。表示去過某地幾次。如：如：Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。我去過北京三次。(3). have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去

14、了”，表示，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時該人到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語。不用第一、二人稱代詞作主語。如如: Where is Tom? 湯姆在哪里？湯姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。他到書店去了。How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned

15、 it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Grammar Focus4aRewrite the sentences using for or since.1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.They ha

16、ve been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.Jim has been in Japan for three years.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.I have had a camera since 2009.I have known Ann for three years/since three years a

17、go.Linda has been ill since Monday.1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They_ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.3. We_ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they move

18、d to the US last year.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.have never beengohave never owned always wanthave hadbought4b4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This mus

19、eum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.havent beenmisshas beenis4cFill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a(n) _? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a(n)_? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite book basketballfor two yearssince he was 10 years oldstudent1Student2