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1、外研新標準外研新標準初三下初三下Unit 3 Language in useModule 2Objectives：1. To summarise and consolidate the use of pronouns2. To grasp more expressions about school life, including subjects and different parts of the school語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學生從已學課文中找相應例句，引學生從已學課文中找相應例句，引導學

2、生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象導學生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語法規(guī)律。中總結(jié)出語法規(guī)律。1. Did you do anything interesting?2. Did you visit her school?3. She took me there herself.4. It isnt as big as ours.5. There are a few science laboratories.Are you familiar with these sentences? They are all from Module 2.6. And they have a hall for co

3、ncerts.7. Which school is better?8. Both schools are very nice.9. And neither school has anything the other hasnt got.10. Sally, the girl who visited us last year and played in the orchestra.11. How is she?12. It was great to see her again.13. Did you visit her school?14. She took me there herself.1

4、5. It isnt as big as ours.Have you noticed the pronouns underlined?1. to test your sense of observation2. to test your ability of short-term memory 3. to test your ability of inductive methodGuess1. Did _ do anything interesting?2. Did _ visit _ school?3. _ took _ there _.4. _ isnt as big as _.5. Th

5、ere are _ _ science laboratories.6. And _ have a hall for concerts.7. _ school is better?8. _ schools are very nice.9. And _ school has anything the _ hasnt got. you you her She me herself It ours a few they WhichBoth neither other10. Sally, the girl _ visited _ last year and played in the orchestra

6、.11. How is _?12. _ was great to see _ again.13. Did you visit _ school?14. She took me there _.15. It isnt as big as _.whoussheItherherherselfours以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結(jié)對本課的以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結(jié)對本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解, 下面就讓下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習的考察情況進一步我們根據(jù)之前練習的考察情況進一步選擇講解該語法項的重難點。選擇講解該語法項的重難點。 代詞用來代替名詞的詞。它是英語代詞用來代替名詞的詞。它是英語

7、語法結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要組成部分，也是中考語法結(jié)構(gòu)中的重要組成部分，也是中考 測試的重點內(nèi)容之一。測試的重點內(nèi)容之一。代詞在考試命題中主要考查代詞在考試命題中主要考查不定代詞不定代詞, 其其次是次是it用法用法、疑問代詞疑問代詞、反身代詞反身代詞以及以及人人稱代詞稱代詞等。等。它在句中充當主語、賓語和表語它在句中充當主語、賓語和表語, 有時還有時還可以充當定語。可以充當定語。代詞的用法代詞的用法一、人稱代詞一、人稱代詞1. 人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格, 如下表所示。如下表所示。復數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)youyouyouyou第二人稱第二人稱 them theyhim her ithe she

8、 it第三人稱第三人稱uswemeI 第一人稱第一人稱賓格賓格主格主格賓格賓格主格主格數(shù)數(shù)格格人稱人稱2. 人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格主格作作主語主語，賓格賓格作作及物動詞和介詞的賓語及物動詞和介詞的賓語。I like table tennis. （作主語）（作主語）The bicycle belongs to Tom and me. (作賓語作賓語)Do you know him?（作賓語）（作賓語）3. 人稱代詞還可作人稱代詞還可作表語表語。作表語時用。作表語時用賓格賓格。Who is knocking at the door? Its me. (作表

9、語作表語)4. 人稱代詞在人稱代詞在than之后之后與其他人或事物進與其他人或事物進行比較行比較時，用時，用主格主格和和賓格賓格都可以。都可以。He is older than me.He is older than I am.5. it的用法的用法指指物物: Its a robot. 指指天氣天氣: Its raining now, but it will be fine soon. 指指時間時間: Its 9 oclock. 指指距離距離: Its 20 miles from here. 作作形式主語形式主語： Its important for us to fight pollution

10、. It took me half an hour to finish the work. Its kind of you to say so. 作作形式賓語形式賓語: We think it necessary to relax from time to time.二、二、 物主代詞物主代詞1. 物主代詞的人稱、數(shù)和類別物主代詞的人稱、數(shù)和類別, 如下表所示。如下表所示。 his his hers her mine my第一人稱第一人稱單數(shù)單數(shù) theirs their第三人稱第三人稱 ours our第一人稱第一人稱復數(shù)復數(shù) yours your第二人稱第二人稱 its its第三人稱第三

11、人稱 yours your第二人稱第二人稱 名詞性物名詞性物主代詞主代詞形容詞性物形容詞性物主代詞主代詞 類別類別 人稱人稱數(shù)數(shù)人稱人稱形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞的作用的作用相當于形容詞相當于形容詞。This is his dictionary.Our teacher is coming to see us.Did you visit her school?形容詞性物主代詞作定語形容詞性物主代詞作定語, 后加名詞后加名詞; 名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞+名詞名詞。This is my (形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞) book. = This boo

12、k is mine. (名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞)2. 物主代詞在句中的作用物主代詞在句中的作用名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞可做可做主語、賓語和表語主語、賓語和表語。Our classroom is here, and theirs is there. (主語主語)Your pen is blue. Mine is blue, too. (主語主語) May I use your pen? Ive lost mine. (賓語賓語)Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (賓語賓語) This is our la

13、boratory, where is yours? The bike is hers. (表語表語) 人稱人稱 數(shù)數(shù)第一人稱第一人稱第二人稱第二人稱第三人稱第三人稱單數(shù)單數(shù) myself yourself himself, herself, itself復數(shù)復數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves三、反身代詞三、反身代詞英語中用來表示英語中用來表示“你自己你自己”、“我自己我自己”、“他自己他自己”、“我們自己我們自己”，“你們自己你們自己”等意義的代詞稱反身代詞。形式如下表：等意義的代詞稱反身代詞。形式如下表：1. 作賓語作賓語Help yourself to s

14、ome cakes. I can look at myself in the mirror. She is too weak to take care of herself.May I introduce myself?2. 作同位語（加強語氣）作同位語（加強語氣）I myself go to the airport to meet my uncle.You must do it yourself. You should ask the teacher himself.反身代詞可在句中作反身代詞可在句中作賓語賓語和和同位語同位語( (起起加加強語氣強語氣的作用的作用) )。四、指示代詞四、指示

15、代詞指示代詞包括指示代詞包括this, that, these, those。1. this和和these一般用來指在時間或空間上一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的較近的事物或人事物或人, that和和those則指時間和則指時間和空間上空間上較遠的較遠的事物或人。例如：事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time.Whats this (that)? Its a book.What are these (those)? They

16、 are books.2. 有時有時that和和those指指前面講到過的前面講到過的事物事物, this 和和these則是指則是指下面將要講到的下面將要講到的事物。如事物。如:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning English.3. 有時為了避免重復提到的名詞有時為了避免重復提到的名詞, ?？捎贸？捎胻hat或或those代替。如代替。如: Television sets made in China are j

17、ust as good as those made in Japan.4. this在電話用語中代表自己在電話用語中代表自己, that則代表對則代表對方。如：方。如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking？疑問代詞有疑問代詞有who, whom, whose, what和和which等疑問代詞用于等疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句特殊疑問句中，一般放在句中，一般放在句首，可以作主語、表語、定語和賓語等。首，可以作主語、表語、定語和賓語等。Who called you right now? (作主語作主語)What is this? (作表語作表語)Whos

18、e umbrella is this? (作定語作定語)Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語作賓語)Which is yours? (作主語作主語)Which do you want? (作賓語作賓語)五、疑問代詞五、疑問代詞六、不定代詞六、不定代詞不定代詞是指不是指明代替任何特定名詞不定代詞是指不是指明代替任何特定名詞的詞。常見的有：的詞。常見的有：one, some, any, none, neither, (a) little, (a) few, all, both, each, either等。等。1. one的用法的用法 表示表示“一個一個”，可以指，可以指人

19、人，也可以指，也可以指物物。在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。 One should be strict with oneself. If one want to visit the city, one must find ones own guide. one 代替上文中出現(xiàn)的代替上文中出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 所有格形式為所有格形式為ones, 復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用 ones代替。代替。one還泛指人。還泛指人。 ones 前面一般都有定語修飾，前面一般都有定語修飾，one前前面有定語修飾時，常用面有定語修飾時，常用 a (an)。I have a n

20、ew coat and several old ones.Ive lost my pen. I want to buy a new one. This apple is bigger than that one. I dont like the green apples. Give me the red ones.one和和it的用法比較：的用法比較：同：同：one和和it都是為了避免同前面名詞重復都是為了避免同前面名詞重復, 用他們來代替前面提到的名詞的。用他們來代替前面提到的名詞的。異：異：a. The box is in the middle of the room. Move it a

21、way, please. (代替的就是前面提代替的就是前面提到的到的那件特指的事物那件特指的事物。) b. Do you want this big apple? No, I want the small one. (代替的是前代替的是前面提到的面提到的同類事物同類事物，但不是同一件。，但不是同一件。)2. some和和any some和和any 是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)是單數(shù)還是復數(shù), 要看其要看其所代替的是什么。所代替的是什么。Some和和any 都既可都既可以以指人指人, 也可以也可以指物指物, 可以可以表示可數(shù)的表示可數(shù)的事物和人事物和人, 也可以也可以表示不可數(shù)的表示不可數(shù)的 概念。如概念。如

22、: some (any) books, some (any) money, some people, some water 作為代詞作為代詞, 它們在句中可以它們在句中可以做主語做主語和和賓語賓語。如。如: There are many people in the park. Some are dancing, others are playing Taijiquan. some 用于用于肯定句肯定句中中, 而而 any 用于用于疑問句、否定句和條件句疑問句、否定句和條件句。 -I am thirsty. Can you give me some water? -Sorry, I dont h

23、ave any. If I have any, I will give you some.3. none和和neither none, neither 都表示否定的意思都表示否定的意思, 兩兩者的區(qū)別在于者的區(qū)別在于, neither 用于用于兩者兩者, 而而none 用于用于兩者以上兩者以上。如：。如： Yes, I saw two boys at the door, but neither (of them) is my brother. None (of the students) in my class want to take part in this trip. none 除指除指

24、可數(shù)可數(shù)的人和物外的人和物外, 還可以還可以表示表示不可數(shù)不可數(shù)的東西的東西, 可以指與可以指與one, two, three一樣的數(shù)字概念。一樣的數(shù)字概念。 如：如： I have a lot of money in my bag, but none is mine. -How many postcards have you sent? -None.4. (a) little和和(a) few (a) little 和和 (a) few的具體用法如下表：的具體用法如下表：含義用法含義用法表示表示肯定肯定表示表示否定否定用于用于可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞a few 雖少雖少, 但有但有幾個幾個few 不

25、多不多, 幾乎幾乎沒有沒有用于用于不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 a little 雖少，但雖少，但又一點又一點little不多不多, 沒有沒有多少多少Do you have any water?Yes, but only a little.Sorry, I have little myself. I cant give you any.He has many friends, but few are true friends/ but only a few are true friends. a little 和和 a few 表示表示肯定肯定的概念的概念, 而而little 和和 few 卻表示否定

26、的概念。卻表示否定的概念。 (a) little 用于用于不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞, 而而 (a) few 用于用于可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞。如。如:5. all和和both all 表示表示“所有的所有的, 全體全體, 一切一切”的的 概念概念, both 表示表示“兩個都兩個都”, 而而all指指兩者以上兩者以上, 同同時還可以指不可數(shù)的東西。如時還可以指不可數(shù)的東西。如: All of the boys went to the cinema yesterday evening. All of the money is mine.-Which of the two shirts do you like

27、?-I like both. all 和和 both 可用于主語之后可用于主語之后, 如：如： We all/both passed the exam. We all/both students.6. each和和either each 和和 either 都可以表示都可以表示“每一每一個個”, each 可以表示可以表示兩者兩者、也可以表、也可以表示示兩兩 者以上者以上的的“每一個每一個” either只能表示只能表示兩者兩者中的中的“每一個每一個”。如如: Each of us/We each got a nice card on that special day. -Which of t

28、he two shirts do you want?-Either will do.注意注意: either 表示一種選擇表示一種選擇, 如上面一例如上面一例, 表示表示“哪個都可以哪個都可以”, 說明購物者要買一說明購物者要買一件襯衣而不是兩件都要。如表示兩件都件襯衣而不是兩件都要。如表示兩件都要要, 則用則用both。each也可用于句末。如也可用于句末。如: The old man gave the boys two apples each.另外，我們要注意區(qū)別另外，我們要注意區(qū)別each和和every的用法的用法:eachevery可單獨使用可單獨使用不可單獨使用不可單獨使用可做主語可

29、做主語(的一部分的一部分)、賓語賓語(的一部分的一部分)狀語狀語僅用作定語僅用作定語著重個別著重個別著重全體，無一例著重全體，無一例外外用于兩者或兩者以上用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物中的每一個人或物用于三者或三者以用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物上每一個人或物Each of us has seen the film.(作主語的一部分作主語的一部分) Each man hunts lone. (作主語的一部分作主語的一部分)They each do their share of the work. (作主語的一部分作主語的一部分)I gave them each a copy of the

30、writing paper. (作賓語一部分作賓語一部分)They wrote a letter to their parents each. (作狀語作狀語)含含every的一些常用詞組的一些常用詞組: every week 每周每周 every two weeks 每隔兩周每隔兩周 every other day 每隔一天每隔一天 every other ten days 每隔每隔10天天請大家注意下面句子賓語的變化：請大家注意下面句子賓語的變化：Each student has his or her own place in the library. (常用于正式寫作中常用于正式寫作中)

31、Each student has their own place in the library. (口語中口語中)注注: word : word 文檔文檔點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接單項選擇。單項選擇。1. What do you think of the movie by Zhao Wei? Terrific. I like _ very much.（2013麗水）麗水）A. it B. him C. her D. you2.They are able to talk openly to one another whenever _ of them feels hurt. (2013杭州杭州)A

32、. either B. both C. some D. all3. Ill have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a little bit nervous. Believe in . Youre the best in our club. (2013溫州溫州) A.herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself4. I cant find my pen. Could you help_ find it?（2013北京）北京） A. me B. her C. him D. them5. -Tom, supper is ready. -I

33、 dont want to eat _, Mum. Im not feeling well. (2013北京北京) A.everything B. nothing C. something D. anything6. My parents showed_ some old pictures that brought back sweet memories （2013上海）上海） A. I B.me C.my D.mine7. _ is waiting for you at the gate. He wants to say thanks to you. （2013上海）上海）A.Somebod

34、y B. Anybody C.Everybody D.Nobody8. Mike , is that new bike _ ? Yes. My mother bought it for me yesterday. （2013重慶）重慶）A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself9. You dont have a drink. Can I get you _? （2013河北）河北） A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything10. My pen doesnt work. May I borrow _, Kat

35、e? Sorry, Im using it now. （2013丹東）丹東） A. hers B. his C. yours D. mine11. Ann, would you like to drink tea or coffee? _. Im not thirsty at all. （2013丹東）丹東） A.Either B. Any C. Neither D. Both12. - _is the boy with a pair of glasses? -My brother,John. （2013大連）大連）A.How B.Who C.Where D.What13. Would you

36、 please lend me _ English book? _ isnt here. (2012) A. your; I B. you; My C. yours; Mine D. your; Mine14. The lovely girl is from Class 6. _ name is Alice. (2012) A. Her B. His C. Your D. Its15. May I use your calculator? Sorry. I left _ at home. (2012) A. it B. one C. this D. that16. Do you need a

37、new dictionary, Susan? No, Mum. My uncle bought me _ yesterday. (2012) A. one B. it C. the one D. another17. Is your brother running in the park? No, _ is swimming in the river. (2012) A. she B. his C. her D. he18. They were all very tired, but _ of them took a rest. (2012) A. none B. all C. both D.

38、 either19. Which basketball player do you like best, Kobe, James or Jordan? (2012) _ of them. Lin Shuhao is my favorite. A. All B. None C. Either D. Neither20. There must be _ wrong with the clock. It doesnt work. (2012) A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything21. Will you go to the London

39、Olympic Games with your sister? Dad can only afford one ticket, so _ of us has to stay at home. (2012)A. either B. all C. both D. neither22. I think _ can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily. (2012) A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything23. The student

40、s are helping the old man clean _ house now. (2012) A. her B. him C. his24. Here is a schoolbag. Whose is it? Oh, its _. Thank you. (2012) A. my B. mine C. me25. The volunteers love _ students in that small village in the west of China. (2010) A. they B. them C. their D. themselves26. Emma, can you

41、introduce _ to Alice? I want to meet her. (2010) A. him B. his C. me D. my27. I need something for cutting the paper. Oh, you want a knife? OK, Ill get _ for you. (2010) A. it B. that C. this D. one28. This is _ classroom, but where is ours? (2010) A. they B. them C. their D. theirs29. Dont wear jea

42、ns, or _ wont be allowed to go to the concert. (2010) A. I B. you C. they30. Is this _ dictionary? No, its not mine. (2010) A. you B. your C. yours31. Excuse me, is this _ new camera? Yes, its _. (2010) A. your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine 32. Do you know Alice? Yes. I know _ very w

43、ell. (2009)A. she B. herself C. her D. hers Try to complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.he her him himself his our ourselves she their themselvesthey(2) us we1. Mr. Lees class put all _ things away at the end of the lesson. _ know that _ have to tidy up the classroom

44、_. They dont wait for others to do it.2. John has a lot of homework tonight. _ isnt able to do it _ so Im going to help _ with it. I dont think _ teacher knows how difficult it is.theirTheytheythemselvesHehimselfhimhis3. Grandfather: Jane is doing a project about family history. _ has asked us to gi

45、ve _ some photos of _ when we were young. Have _ got any? Grandmother: Yes, there is a photo of _ with all the other children, in _ school.SheherourselvesweusourComplete the conversation with the correct words and expressions.Anna: Hi, how did your exams go?Bob: Im really pleased! I didnt expect to

46、do well in (1) neither / either maths or geography, but in the end, I got good grades in (2) both / each subjects. What about you?Anna: I did really well in English. Thats (3) anything / something Ive always enjoyed. My grades in history and art werent so good, because (4) none / neither of those is

47、 my favourite subject. What will you study next year?Bob: Ive still got (5) a few / few weeks before I have to decide. Im going to speak to (6)every/all my teachers and ask for their advice.Anna: The teachers say that we must decide for (7)themselves/ourselves, that (8)none/neither of them can tell

48、us what to do.Bob: But I have to get (9) some / any information because there are so (10) much / many subjects and its very hard to choose.Rewrite the sentencesReplace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. each other either his myself of mine who is whos

49、e is1. Meet John. Hes a friend I have.2. You dont need to help me, I can do it on my own.3. They will help Kate, and Kate helps them with the homework.4. Who owns that silver bike? Is it Mr. Scotts bike?of minemyself Whose iseach other5. Yes, it is Mr Scotts.6. I know someone with the job as a denti

50、st.7. I dont mind which apple you give me. The red one or the green one will be fine.hiswho isEitherListen and number the subjects in the order you hear them.Art, Design and TechnologyITLanguages PEPersonal Health and Safety Education12345Read the passages and say where you think it comes from.A A d

51、ictionaryB A websiteC A newspaper advertisementRead the passage again and match the headings with the paragraphs. After-school activities School hours Sports Subjects1234Read the passage again and check () the correct answer.YesNoDo students have to come to lessons on Sundays?Is the lunch break long

52、er than one hour?Does the school offer team and individual sports?Can students join more than one club?Do students take exams in all the subjects they study?Writing a leaflet about your schoolStep 1: Work in pairs. Describe your school and make notes. There are students and teachers. At our school s

53、tudents can study After school there are and On the ground floor, there are andStep 2: Say what you do at school, what you like best and make notes. At school I study and After school, I The things I like best about school are becauseStep 3: Use your notes to write a leaflet.Pronoun: instead of a no

54、un, referring to a person or thing that has been mentioned earlier, for example “it, she, he, our”QUIZ注注: word : word 文檔文檔點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接. 選擇合適的代詞完成句子。選擇合適的代詞完成句子。(A) some, any1. Has Peter got _ oranges? Yes, he has got _.2. We have got _ meat in the fridge but we havent got _ vegetables.(B) few, a few

55、3. There are _ books on the desk. You can borrow any one of them.4. The test is too difficult. _ students can pass it.anysomesomeanya fewFew (C) all, both, none, neither5. I have three cousins and _ of them are sports fans.6. The old woman has two daughters but _ of them lives with her.7. The proble

56、m was so hard that _ of the students in her class could work it out.8. _ of the two American students are interested in Chinese culture and they have learned a lot about China.allneithernoneBoth (D) somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody9. _ wants to make friends with a lazy person.10. If _ knows her

57、QQ number, please tell me. 11. Do you like Danny Boyle? Yes. _ in my family is a fan of his.12. Can you tell me the way to the post office? Sorry, I dont know. Please ask _ else.Nobody anybody/ somebodyEverybody someone. 單項選擇單項選擇1. Mrs Wang teaches _ Chinese. _ is a good teacher.A. we; She B. us; Sh

58、e C. we; Her D. us; Her2. Jim, you are old enough. Im sure that you can look after _. A.himself B. myself C. yourself D. ourselves3. There must be _ wrong with the computer. It doesnt work. A.something B. everything C. anythingD. nothing 4. This is _ English book. I left _ at home this morning. A. y

59、our; my B. your; mine C. yours; myD. yours; mine5. Whats on _ side of the hill, Dad? A big lake. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 6. I have two dictionaries, and I can lend _ to you. Thats very kind of you! A. it B. one C. this D. that7. Can I come on Saturday or Sunday? _ is OK. Im free t

60、hese days.A. Either B. Both C. Each D. Any8. I find _ interesting to watch live football games online. A. this B. that C. itD. oneHomework1. Finish the leaflet about your school.2. Grasp the use of pronouns.1. Preview the vocabulary of next module.2. Preview the conversation between Betty and her mum.