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1、Talk about the ways you learn other subjects. You can use the following phrases and sentences.How do you learn Chinese/ math /physics/chemistry?Do you learn history and geography by_? 4a Answer the questions. Then match the questions and answers.1. How do you practice speaking?2. How do you learn ne

2、w words?3. How do you improve your writing?4. How do you practice listening?5. How do you improve your pronunciation?6. How do you learn grammar?1. How do you practice speaking?2. How do you learn new words?3. How do you improve your writing?4. How do you practice listening?5. How do you improve you

3、r pronunciation?6. How do you learn grammar?c ce ef fb ba ad da. By watching English programs.b. By listening to a tape and repeating out loud.c. By having conversations with friends.d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.e. By making word cards.f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals.ma

4、tch physics chemistry Chinese history geography4b Complete these statements. Use information that is true for you.e.g. I usually practice my English by taking notes / reading books and newspapers / speaking English with my classmates / memorizing sentence patterns.a. I usually practice my math by_.b

5、. I usually practice my physics by_. c. I usually practice my chemistry by_.d. I usually practice my Chinese by _.e. I usually practice my history and geography by _.4c Check () what you do to learn English. Then interview your partner.A: Do you learn English by doing grammar exercises?B: Yes, I do.

6、A: How often do you do them?B:I learn English byMy partner learnsEnglish by yesno how oftenyesno how oftendoing grammar exercises.taking notes in English.reading English books/magazines.keeping a diary in English. using an English dictionary.How do you learn English?I learn by studying with a group.

7、Do you learn English by reading aloud?Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronunciation?One way is by listening to tapes.定定 義義: 它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征 的非謂語動詞形式。的非謂語動詞形式?；拘问交拘问? V-ing作作 用用: 動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可動名

8、詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可 以做主語、表語、賓語、定語等。以做主語、表語、賓語、定語等。性質(zhì)性質(zhì) 主語主語 表語表語 賓語賓語 賓補賓補 定語定語 狀語狀語動名動名詞詞n.pron.動名詞的基本用法動名詞的基本用法1. 用作主語用作主語所表動作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動所表動作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動作。作。e.g. Playing with fire is dangerous.注意：注意：動名詞做主語，有時先用動名詞做主語，有時先用it作作形式形式主語，把動名詞置于句末主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。慣句型中常用。 1) It is no use/ go

9、od / useless + doing2) It is a waste of time + doing 3) It is fun + doing 在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收）覆水難收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子們一起玩真好。和孩子們一起玩真好。 2. 用作賓語用作賓語1) 作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語 常見的此類動詞有：常見的此類動詞有：practise, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help

10、, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, 等。等。e.g. How do you practice speaking? I have to finish reading a book and give a report.2) 作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語 1. I learn English by doing grammar exercises.2.

11、 Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 3. He was late again because of getting up late.4. Lock the doors and windows before going out. 5. What/How about the two of us playing games？1. She cant help _(cry) after _ (hear) the bad news.2. Do you feel like _(have) a break?活學(xué)活用活學(xué)活用hearingha

12、vingcrying3) 既可接動名詞又可接不定式的常用動既可接動名詞又可接不定式的常用動詞有詞有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，但表達的意義不同。等，但表達的意義不同。e.g. I remember seeing her at the hotel. 我記得在賓館見過她。我記得在賓館見過她。(動作發(fā)生了動作發(fā)生了) I will remember to see her at the hotel. 我記著要去賓館見她。我記著要去賓館見她。(動作尚未發(fā)生動作尚未發(fā)生)1. remember/forget/ regretto do 動作尚未發(fā)生動作尚未發(fā)生

13、doing 動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生2. try to do 設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力doing 試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）3. mean to do 打算做（主語一般是人）打算做（主語一般是人）doing 意味著（主語一般是物）意味著（主語一般是物）4. regretto do 對將要做的事抱歉對將要做的事抱歉doing 對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔5. stop to do 停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手頭的事情停止做手頭的事情.作表語作表語 動名詞作表語時動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無句子主語常是表示無生命的事

14、物的名詞或生命的事物的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置主語、表語可互換位置。 e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。 (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I h

15、ate most.) 動名詞有動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。的變化。動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式：（以：（以write為例）為例） 時態(tài)時態(tài)語態(tài)語態(tài)一般時一般時完成時完成時主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)writing having written 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)being written having been written 注意：注意：動名詞的否定形式是：動名詞的否定形式是：not writing 動名詞的動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動名詞的邏輯主語動名詞動名詞的復(fù)合動名詞的邏輯主語動名詞動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)Would you mind _（我開窗戶嗎）（我開窗戶嗎）?

16、Would you mind my / me opening the window?my/ me 稱為動名詞的邏輯主語。稱為動名詞的邏輯主語。I cant understand Jack /Jacks leaving his wife.I cant understand his/him leaving his wife.Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable.選擇題：選擇題：1. My watch needs _, but I have no time to go to town to have it _. A. to repair; repai

17、red B. to be repaired; repairing C. repairing; repaired D. being repaired; repaired活學(xué)活用活學(xué)活用2. You should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth. A. telling B. not telling C. telling not D. not tell3. -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot _ it off. A. turning B. turn C. to turn D.

18、 having turned4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldnt help _. A. to cry B. crying C. cryD. cries5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day. A. to practise speaking B. practising speaking C. to practise to speak D. practising to speak6. It is no use _ without doing.A. to promiseB. promising C. promise D. to be promisedWrite a short composition about how to learn English.Homework