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1、高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修七高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修七Unit 3 Under the seaLearning about Language 1 Some of the words in this unit can be used as both verbs and nouns. Look at these definitions and find the words in the text. Then write down how they have been used. WordDefinitionsHow used in the text1. to jump into the water head

2、 first 2. a graceful jump into the water head first 1. to see something happen 2. someone who sees a crime or an accident dive1witness1WordDefinitionsHow used in the text1. a short time when someone stops speaking 2. to stop doing something for a short time 1. a strong wish 2. to strongly suggest so

3、meone do something 1. something that slows you down 2. to pull something along behind you pause2urge2drag22 Read these sentences. Then replace the words in italics with words that mean the same from the unit. 1. Some personal stories about Mark Twain are very amusing. 2. Working together is necessar

4、y to produce good results. anecdotesTeamwork3. More and more people are concerned with the protection of different whale species. 4. Sit facing the street and watch the parade go by. 5. When you hit an iceberg, leave the ship immediately. conservationoppositeabandondepth, dive, yell, annual, shark,

5、accommodation, witness, relationship, flee, shore3 Use these words in their proper forms to complete the passage below. When I was young, my parents liked jogging on the beach. So we used to visit the seaside on our _ holiday. We always stayed in _ close to the _ because my parents had a good _ with

6、 the owner of the hotel. We also went snorkelling each time and would _ under the waves to see the colourful fish. As I grew older I was allowed to go to greater _ and further out beyond the bay. annualaccommodationshorerelationshipdivedepthsThere I saw small _ as they swam lazily around the sea bot

7、tom. One day I _ how they would pursue their prey swiftly, and the small fish had no time to _ away. I wanted to _ and warn the poor fish but that was impossible underwater. Thank God it was; otherwise, I might have been swallowed instead! sharksyellwitnessedfleeGrammarThe Passive ing-form(V-ing 形式的

8、被動(dòng)式形式的被動(dòng)式)V-ing形式的各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式的各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài):時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)doinghaving donebeing done having been done1. 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式：動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式：1)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式有兩種動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式有兩種: being + 過去分詞；過去分詞； having been + 過去分詞。過去分詞。例如：例如：a) 每個(gè)人都喜歡得到贊美。每個(gè)人都喜歡得到贊美。 Everybody likes _.b) 我記得曾經(jīng)聽過這故事。我記得曾經(jīng)聽過這故事。 I remember _ the story.2) 在

9、在need/want/require(需要需要)和和 be worth (值得值得) 等詞后面等詞后面, 動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng) 意義。意義。例如：例如：a) 這件事需要調(diào)查。這件事需要調(diào)查。 The matter requires _. = The matter requires to be looked into.being praisedhaving been toldlooking intob) 這本書值得一讀。這本書值得一讀。 The book _. = The book is worthy of being read.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式

10、1) 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式也有兩種現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式也有兩種: being + 過去分詞過去分詞 (強(qiáng)調(diào)事情正在發(fā)生強(qiáng)調(diào)事情正在發(fā)生)； having + been + 過去分詞過去分詞 (強(qiáng)調(diào)事情已經(jīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)事情已經(jīng) 發(fā)生發(fā)生, 不作定語(yǔ)不作定語(yǔ))。例如：例如：a) 她正接受提問她正接受提問, 感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。感到有點(diǎn)兒緊張。 _to answer the question, she felt a little nervous.is worth readingBeing askedb) 這么好的機(jī)會(huì)給了你這么好的機(jī)會(huì)給了你, 你怎么能一點(diǎn)也不珍惜你怎么能一點(diǎn)也不珍惜 呢？呢？ _ such a goo

11、d chance, how could you not value it at all?2) 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí), “being +過去分詞過去分詞”表示正在表示正在 進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作; done表示一般過去或已經(jīng)完成表示一般過去或已經(jīng)完成 的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作; to be done表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：如：a) 正在建造的房屋正在建造的房屋, 完工后將用作我們的圖書館。完工后將用作我們的圖書館。 The house _ will be our library upon its completion.Having been givenbeing builtb) 所使用的教材都

12、是時(shí)新的。所使用的教材都是時(shí)新的。 The textbooks _ are all up-to-date.c) 你打算參加下月召開的會(huì)議嗎？你打算參加下月召開的會(huì)議嗎？ Are you going to attend the meeting _ next month?usedto be heldI am thinking of getting a new dictionary.I approved of his taking part in the project.I enjoy listening to classical music.(一般情況一般情況)(以后、將來以后、將來)(現(xiàn)在、將來

13、現(xiàn)在、將來)V-ing表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或在其后表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或在其后發(fā)生發(fā)生, 或表示一般情況或表示一般情況.being done表示的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作表示的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作同時(shí)同時(shí)(有時(shí)之后有時(shí)之后)發(fā)生發(fā)生, 或表示或表示一般情況一般情況?，F(xiàn)在修建的發(fā)電站將是埃及最大的發(fā)電站現(xiàn)在修建的發(fā)電站將是埃及最大的發(fā)電站之一。之一。The power station being built now will be one of the largest in Egypt.她堅(jiān)持被派給最苦她堅(jiān)持被派給最苦的工作的工作. She insis

14、ted on being given the hardest task.They regret not having been able to inform you of the fact.(之前之前)Having done 表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作作之前之前。Having been done表示的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表表示的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作示的動(dòng)作之前之前。被邀請(qǐng)后被邀請(qǐng)后, 李先生去參加了會(huì)議。李先生去參加了會(huì)議。Having been invited, Mr Li went to attend the meeting.I app

15、reciate having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.V-ing的被動(dòng)式在句中可以作的被動(dòng)式在句中可以作:1)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience.被鯊魚咬死是一件很普通的事情。被鯊魚咬死是一件很普通的事情。Being killed by sharks was a common thing.我很感激兩年前被給予了去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。我很感激兩年前被給予了去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。 _ to sunlight for too much time will

16、 do harm to oness skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed2)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.C 你還記得十歲時(shí)被帶去北京嗎你還記得十歲時(shí)被帶去北京嗎?Do you remember having been taken to Beijing at the age of ten?The little girl was eventually aware that her parents ab

17、andoned her in the mountainous village.The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned by her parents in the mountainous village.若不被邀請(qǐng)，他是不會(huì)來的。若不被邀請(qǐng)，他是不會(huì)來的。 (without)He wouldnt come without being invited.下面短語(yǔ)中的下面短語(yǔ)中的 to 是介詞是介詞, 后面只能跟名詞或后面只能跟名詞或V-ing：devote to (投入投入), get down to (著手干著手干)，lead

18、 to (通向通向,導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致), object to (反對(duì)反對(duì)), pay attention to (注意注意), look forward to (盼望盼望), be used to (習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于)，stick to (堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持), preferto等。等。No one can prevent the plan _. A. from carrying out B. to be carried out C. being carried out D. to carry outThe bird was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. b

19、eing caught C. to be caught D. to catchC B admit (承認(rèn)承認(rèn)), appreciate, avoid, cant help (禁不住禁不住)， stand(忍受忍受), consider (考慮考慮,打算打算), enjoy, escape (躲避躲避), excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss (錯(cuò)過錯(cuò)過), practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest (建議建議)等后接等后接v-ing。He has always insiste

20、d on his _ Dr. Tuner instead of Mr. Turner. A. been called B. being called C. having called D. calledB While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded3) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I saw James being held up in th

21、e water by old Tom. The well was found _ when we got there. A. digging B. to be dug C. to dig D. being dugC D I noticed that some people were taken to the police station.I noticed some people being taken to the police station.4) 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)The meeting being held now is very important.但但 having been done 不能

22、作不能作定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)。正在被建在公園旁邊的賓館是由一群年輕人建的。正在被建在公園旁邊的賓館是由一群年輕人建的。The hotel being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 5) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Afric

23、a. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invitedA 1.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. being prepared B. preparing C. having been prepared D. prepared2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having

24、 been suffered B. Bing suffered C. To suffer D. SufferedBAExercises 3. She is shy. She is not used to _ in front of others. A. praise B. praising C. being praised D. be praised4. _ in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. A. Having cau

25、ght B. Being caught C. aught D. Having been caughtC B 5.The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused6. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be que

26、stionedD C 7. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT. A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced8.Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been in

27、vitedB D 9. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending D 10. Do you mind _ alone at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be leftC 11.

28、- What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB 12. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telli

29、ng A 13. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD 14. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taug

30、ht D. Teaching B For more explanation, click here.高考鏈接高考鏈接1. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. (2008江西卷江西卷) A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promotedB 2. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Birds Nest f

31、or the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008陜西卷陜西卷)A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To showC 3. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. (07全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷II)A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closed D. to open and closeC

32、4. HE LOOKED AROUND AND CAUGHT A MAN _ HIS HAND INTO THE POCKET OF A PASSENGER. (2004春季北京春季北京) A. PUT B. TO BE PUTTING C. TO PUT D. PUTTING解析解析: 答案答案 D。現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞putting作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 表示主動(dòng)。表示主動(dòng)。catch sb. doing表示表示“當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住(撞見撞見)某人在做某事某人在做某事”。D解析解析: 答案為答案為C。for是介詞是介詞, 后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞的否定形式在前面加動(dòng)名詞的

33、否定形式在前面加not。物主代詞。物主代詞his與動(dòng)名詞的否定形式構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。與動(dòng)名詞的否定形式構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。5. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004春季上海春季上海) A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not ableC6. The discovery of new evidence led to _. (2003上海上海)A. the thief

34、having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thiefs being caught D. the thief to be caught解析解析: : 答案答案C。lead to “導(dǎo)致、引起導(dǎo)致、引起”, to 是介詞，是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。從題意看后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。從題意看, 是是“小偷被抓住小偷被抓住”,故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式 being caught; 因作賓語(yǔ)因作賓語(yǔ),故動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)可用名詞普通格故動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)可用名詞普通格 the thief 改名詞所有格改名詞所有格 the thiefs。由于發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的證據(jù)。由于發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的

35、證據(jù)因而抓住了小偷。因而抓住了小偷。C7. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (2002上海上海)A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposed D. After being exposed解析解析: 答案答案C。在這個(gè)句子中。在這個(gè)句子中, will do是謂語(yǔ)，是謂語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。要用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。expose 與與 ones skin是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式 being exposed作主語(yǔ)。作主語(yǔ)。C8. _ such h

36、eavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (2001全國(guó)全國(guó)) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered解析解析: 答案答案A。從一詞可知。從一詞可知, 要用現(xiàn)在分詞要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。由于已經(jīng)受到如此嚴(yán)重的污染，的完成式。由于已經(jīng)受到如此嚴(yán)重的污染，現(xiàn)在清理河道可能太晚了?，F(xiàn)在清理河道可能太晚了。AFor more exercises, click here.1. Summarize the rules of the Passive ing-form.2. Finish the exercises on Page 23.Homework