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1、2019屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)自選訓(xùn)練 閱讀理解34 Experiments aboard the spaceship Columbia have disproved a theory on the human nervous system which won an Austrian professor a Nobel prize 79 years ago. West German astronaut Ulf Merbold disproved the theory during tests aboard the spaceship yesterday. His discovery is co

2、nnected with the workings of the inner ear, the body’s balance mechanism(機(jī)制). In l914 Professor Robert Barany won the Nobel prize for Physiology(生理學(xué)) and Medicine when he announced that temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused the eyes to blink(眨眼). His theory was accepted by scien

3、tists. But Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct and shocked himself and space officials when he proved it wrong. According to Barany’s theory the eyes would blink when cold air was blown into one ear and hot air blown into the other. But if this theory was correct such a mo

4、vement would be impossible in zero gravity. Both Merbold’s eyes continually blinked when the test was carried out. 1. Tests were carried out in outer space in order to _______. A. find what causes the eyes to blink　　 B. shock the world C. prove the theory 　　　　　　　　 D. disprove the theory 2. B

5、arany’s theory declared to prove _______. A. how our hearing mechanism works　　　　 B. why we constantly move our eyes C. that eye movement is affected by temperature　　 D. how hearing reacts(反應(yīng)) 3. Barany’s theory was proved incorrect in space by the effects of _______. A. having no weight B. h

6、aving no air　　 C. the pull of gravity D. hot and cold air streams (1—3 CCA) 【答案與解析】本文報(bào)道西德的宇航員通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明79年前Nobel prize得主Barany教授的理論錯(cuò)誤。 1. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第4段第1句Merbold carried out tests to find if the theory was correct可推知此題答案為C。 2. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第4段第1句temperature differences affected the inner ear and caused

7、the eyes to blink(眨眼)可推知此題答案為C。 3. A。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)一般常識(shí)，在太空中是沒(méi)有地球引力以及文章倒數(shù)第2段中的 zero gravity 可推知此題答案為A。 *********************************************************結(jié)束 (2) Japanese students work very bard but many are unhappy. They feel heavy pressures(壓力) from their parents. Most students are always told b

8、y their parents to study harder and better so that they can have a wonderful life in the future. Though this may be a good idea for those very bright students, it can have terrible results for many students who are not gifted(有天賦的) enough. Many of them have tried very hard at school but have failed

9、in the exams and have their parents lose hope. Such students felt that they are hated by everyone else they meet and they don’t want to go to school any longer. They become dropouts. It is surprising that though most Japanese parents are worried about their children, they do not help them in any wa

10、y. Many parents feel that they are not able to help their children and that it is the teachers’ work to help their children. To make matters worse, a lot of parents serif their children to those schools opening in the evenings and on weekends — they only help the students to pass the exams and never

11、 teach them any real sense of the world. Many Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the students’ hair to their clothes and things in their school bags. Child psychologists(心理學(xué)家) now think that such strict rules are harmful to the feelings of the students. Almost 40% of the stud

12、ents said that no one had taught them how to get on with others, how to tell right from wrong and how to show love and care for others, even for their parents. 1. “Dropouts” are those who _______. A. make troubles in and out of schools B. go about or stay home instead of being at school C. try h

13、ard but always fails in the exams D. lose hope and give up some of their subjects 2. According to the passage, it’s necessary to teach students _______. A. how to study well B. how to get on with others C. to show love and care for others D. All above 3. Which of the following can be the best

14、 title of the passage? A. The Trouble in Japanese Schools B. The Problems of Japanese Students C. Education in Japan D. The Pressures on the Students in Japan 【答案與解析】這是一篇關(guān)于日本學(xué)生所受到的沉重的壓力的文章。家長(zhǎng)的過(guò)高期望，日本學(xué)校嚴(yán)格的制度都使得一些學(xué)生喪失了上學(xué)的興趣，甚至不懂得如何和他人相處。 1. B。詞義錆測(cè)題。根據(jù) Such students felt that they are hated by ev

15、eryone else they meet and they don’t want to go to school any longer(這樣的學(xué)生覺(jué)得他們被所有認(rèn)識(shí)的人討厭，他們不想再去學(xué)校)可推知答案為 B。 2. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。由第2段的最后一句我們知道：They only help the students to pass the exam，所以 … teach students how to study well 是必要的，而第3段最后一句也說(shuō) no one taught them how to get on with others，即A、B、C皆是正確的，故選 D。 3. D。主

16、旨題。這是文章主旨題。由全文看來(lái)，每一段都脫離不了“學(xué)生所受到的壓力”這個(gè)中心，所以“日本學(xué)生的壓力”是最適合的標(biāo)題。 *******************************************************結(jié)束 (3) If you wish to become a better reader, here are four important things to remember about reading rate: ● Knowing why you are reading or what yo

17、u are reading to find out will often help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly. ● Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples are directions for making or doing something, arithmetic problems, science and history books, which are full of important information. You must read such

18、 things slowly to remember each important step and understand each important ideas. ● Some things should be read rapidly throughout. Examples are simple stories meant for enjoyment, news letters from friends, pieces of news from local, or home-town, papers, telling what is happening to friends and

19、 neighbors. ● In some of your reading, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast, as you go along. You will need to read certain pages rapidly and then slow down and do more careful reading when you come to important ideas which must be remembered. 1. The underlined word "rate"

20、 in the first sentence means _______. A. fast B. slow C. speed D. skill 2. Which should be read slowly according to the passage? A. Stories for enjoyment B. Arithmetic problems C. Letters from friends D. News from hometown newspapers 3. How fast should we read? A. The faster, the better.

21、 B. The more slowly, the better. C. Neither too fast nor too slow. D. It depends on what we are reading. 4. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true? A. Read slowly when you are reading something important to you. B. Read fast when you are reading something unimportant to you.

22、 C. Read the materials that you are interested in slowly. D. Read the materials that you are interested in fast. 【答案與解析】本文說(shuō)明讀書(shū)時(shí)要注意效率，有的東西要仔細(xì)閱讀，而有的只要快速瀏覽一下。 1. C。推斷題。文中各點(diǎn)講的都是讀書(shū)的速度問(wèn)題，所以 reading rate 意為“讀書(shū)的速度”，即是 rate 是“速度”的意思，因此答案為 C。 2. B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) Examples are directions for making or doing someth

23、ing, arithmetic problems… 可知此題答案為 B。 3. D。判斷題。通過(guò)閱讀全文可知：有的東西需要仔細(xì)讀，而有的快速瀏覽一下就行，是慢讀還是快讀取決于所讀的內(nèi)容，所以此題答案為 D。 4. D。推斷題。通過(guò)閱讀全文和平時(shí)的常識(shí)可知對(duì)于你感興趣的材料一定會(huì)讀得仔細(xì)，所以 D 的說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的，因此此題答案為 D。 *******************************************************結(jié)束 (4) One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of —

24、 a warm bottle, songs etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn’t do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV the baby became quiet

25、right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs. I heard no more of the baby’s crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still

26、 watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor(暗喻) in my baby’s behavior(行為) for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools with my students. I find that our students don’t

27、read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight again

28、st it? Let them watch what they want！ 1. Why did the father bring a TV set into his son’s room? A. To enjoy some interesting programs together with his son. B. To help himself pass the long hours ahead of him. C. To help his son fall asleep sooner. D. To keep his son from making noises.

29、2. The baby seemed to be ______ at the sight of the TV set. A. excited B. surprised C. bored D. pleased 3. This experience with his baby helped the father ______. A. to know his baby better B. to know better how to educate his students C. to change his opinions towards TV D. to know

30、 better about the new generation 【答案與解析】本文記述了通過(guò)孩子看電視一事，作者反思了對(duì)孩子們的教育問(wèn)題。 1. B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第1段第2句to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours可推知此題答案為B。 2. A。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第1段倒數(shù)第2句fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen及第2段第1句I found him still watching TV by himself可推知此題答案為A。 3. D。推斷題。根據(jù)文章第2段第2句I found there was a metaphor(暗喻) in my baby’s behavior(行為) for the new generation可推知此題答案為D。 ******************************************************結(jié)束 內(nèi)容總結(jié) （1）由全文看來(lái)，每一段都脫離不了“學(xué)生所受到的壓力”這個(gè)中心，所以“日本學(xué)生的壓力”是最適合的標(biāo)題