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1、專題九 動詞的語態(tài)目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁01020304目錄目錄考情分析考情分析考點(diǎn)梳理考點(diǎn)梳理典例精析典例精析備戰(zhàn)演練備戰(zhàn)演練目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁考情分析1目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁2011201120152015年河南中考考情一覽表年河南中考考情一覽表 考情解讀:考情解讀:從河南省近五年中考真題統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果可知,動詞的語從河南省近五年中考真題統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果可知,動詞的語態(tài)所占分?jǐn)?shù)為態(tài)所占分?jǐn)?shù)為12分,所涉及到的考點(diǎn)有三個:一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語分,所涉及到的考點(diǎn)有三個:一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和
2、一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。這三個考點(diǎn)態(tài)、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。這三個考點(diǎn)主要在單項(xiàng)選擇中進(jìn)行考查,有時也在詞語運(yùn)用中考查。一般現(xiàn)在主要在單項(xiàng)選擇中進(jìn)行考查,有時也在詞語運(yùn)用中考查。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)在時的被動語態(tài)和一般過去時的被動語態(tài)在 20112014 年間交替考查,年間交替考查,一般將來時的被動語態(tài)在一般將來時的被動語態(tài)在 2015 年考查。因此,考生在平時備考過年考查。因此,考生在平時備考過程中,要熟練掌握這三種時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)。程中,要熟練掌握這三種時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)。目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁考點(diǎn)梳理2目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下
3、一頁末頁末頁 英語中有兩種語態(tài),即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)??季V對動英語中有兩種語態(tài),即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)??季V對動詞語態(tài)的要求:被動語態(tài),其中包括:一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語詞語態(tài)的要求:被動語態(tài),其中包括:一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。態(tài)、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:be+及物動詞的過去分詞(其中及物動詞的過去分詞(其中 be 動詞動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化)。有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化)。一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁常見時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和
4、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)見下表:常見時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)見下表:時態(tài)時態(tài)主動主動語態(tài)語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)示例示例主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+doneMy teacher asks me some questions.I am asked some questions by my teacher.一般過去時一般過去時didwas/were+doneThey planted trees yesterday.Trees were planted by them yesterday.一般將來時一般將來時will/shall/be going t
5、o+dowill/shall/be going to+be doneHe will do his homework.His homework will be done by him.續(xù)表續(xù)表目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being doneShe is washing clothes.Clothes are being washed by her.過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時was/were+doingwas/were+being doneThe workers were mending the road last wee
6、k.The road was being mended by the workers last week.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+donehave/has+been doneWe have discussed the question.The question has been discussed by us.含情態(tài)動詞含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must+docan/may/must+be doneI can deal with this problem.This problem can be dealt with by me.二、被動語態(tài)的基本用法二、被動語態(tài)的基本用法目錄目錄
7、上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者。 He was greatly respected by all of us. 他很受我們的尊敬。他很受我們的尊敬。2. 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 All the work has been finished by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止,所有的工作都做完了。到現(xiàn)在為止,所有的工作都做完了。3. 動作的執(zhí)行者不是人,而是無生命的事物。動作的執(zhí)行者不是人,而是無生命的事物。 The leaves are blown away by wind.
8、 葉子被風(fēng)吹走了。葉子被風(fēng)吹走了。4. 出于禮貌不便提到動作的執(zhí)行者,動作的執(zhí)行者可能是自出于禮貌不便提到動作的執(zhí)行者,動作的執(zhí)行者可能是自 己,也可能是別人。己,也可能是別人。 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁5. 有時為使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡練、緊湊,使上下文連貫。有時為使句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡練、緊湊,使上下文連貫。 There used to be lots of coal mines in the south,but many of them have b
9、een closed,or about to be closed. 南方過去南方過去 有許多煤礦,但其中有不少現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)閉,或?qū)⒁P(guān)閉。有許多煤礦,但其中有不少現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)閉,或?qū)⒁P(guān)閉。6. 有些習(xí)慣用法只以被動語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。有些習(xí)慣用法只以被動語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。 When and where were you born? 你出生在何時何地?你出生在何時何地?目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁三、主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化三、主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁1. 一般情況下將主動句中的賓語成分變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z成分,一般情況下將主動句中的賓語成分變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹?/p>
10、語成分, 注意人稱代詞主格與賓格的轉(zhuǎn)換,必要時用注意人稱代詞主格與賓格的轉(zhuǎn)換,必要時用by來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。 He finished the work. The work was finished by him.2. 主動句中感官動詞(主動句中感官動詞(see,hear,watch,feel 等)和使役動詞等)和使役動詞 (make,let,have 等)后跟省略等)后跟省略 to 的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 變被動語態(tài)時要加上變被動語態(tài)時要加上to。 We saw him play football on the playground. He was seen to
11、play football on the playground.3. 主動句中含有動詞短語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要注意其完整性。主動句中含有動詞短語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要注意其完整性。 He turned off the light just now. The light was turned off by him just now.目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁一、把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)一、把下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1. Toms mother made him clean his room._2. He told me that he would come back soon._3. Jack
12、 can find a lot of differences between the two languages._4. Do you water your flowers every day?_5. The wind blew down the big tree last night._目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁 Tom was made to clean his room by his mother.I was told that he would come back soon.A lot of differences between the two languages ca
13、n be found by Jack.Are your flowers watered every day?The big tree was blown down by the wind last night.()()1. Look at our new school. It _ last year. A. builtB. was built C. is builtD. will be built()()2. I am afraid that I cant finish the task successfully. Dont worry. You _ plenty of time to do
14、it. A. will be given B. give C. will giveD. are given目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁BA二、單項(xiàng)選擇二、單項(xiàng)選擇()()3. Many students _ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big. A. dont give B. arent given C. havent given D. wont give()()4. The workers _ work day and night. A. are made B. are mad
15、e to C. made to D. are making to目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁BB目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁典例精析典例一一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)典例一一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)(2013河南,河南,28)Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself.Sorry. The book you ask for _ out.A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold【解析】【解析】 句意為:句意為:打擾一下。我在找做最好的自己打擾一下。我在找做最好的
16、自己(這本書)。(這本書)。對不起。你想要的那本書已經(jīng)賣完了。由于對不起。你想要的那本書已經(jīng)賣完了。由于主語主語 book 是動作是動作 sell 的承受者,所以此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);由的承受者,所以此處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);由答語中答語中“Sorry”可知,書已經(jīng)賣完了,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)??芍?,書已經(jīng)賣完了,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。【答案答案】 B解析解析答案答案目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁典例二一般過去時的被動語態(tài)典例二一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(2014河南,河南,31)When Tim _ why he was late for school,he just kept silent.A. was as
17、kedB. askedC. was askingD. is asked【解析】【解析】 句意為:當(dāng)句意為:當(dāng) Tim 被問到他為什么上學(xué)遲到時,他只是被問到他為什么上學(xué)遲到時,他只是保持沉默。主語保持沉默。主語 Tim 是動作是動作 ask 的承受者,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);的承受者,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);由由“was”可知,句子時態(tài)為一般過去時??芍渥訒r態(tài)為一般過去時?!敬鸢浮俊敬鸢浮?A解析解析答案答案目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁典例三一般將來時的被動語態(tài)典例三一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(2015陜西,陜西,28)Tourists bad behavior _ by the governmen
18、t in our country from now on.A. will recordB. will be recordedC. recordsD. is recorded【解析】解析】 句意為:從現(xiàn)在起在我們國家,旅游者的不良行為將會句意為:從現(xiàn)在起在我們國家,旅游者的不良行為將會被政府記錄下來。主語被政府記錄下來。主語 Touristsbad behavior 是動作是動作 record 的的承受者,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);由承受者,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);由“from now on”和句意可知,句子和句意可知,句子時態(tài)為一般將來時。時態(tài)為一般將來時?!敬鸢浮俊敬鸢浮?B解析解析答案答案目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁備戰(zhàn)演練本專題已結(jié)束,請同學(xué)們及時復(fù)習(xí)和掌握所學(xué)知識!目錄目錄上一頁上一頁下一頁下一頁末頁末頁